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1 ἐκ
ἐκ, vor Vocalen ἐξ, doch zuweilen auch vor Consonanten, bes. σ in Inscr., wo vor β, δ, λ u. μ auch ἐγ geschrieben ist. Praeposit. c. genit. Im Allgemeinen das Ausgehen aus Etwas heraus bezeichnend: – 1) vom Orte, aus, von Etwas her, – a) zunächst bei Verbis der Bewegung, den Ausgangspunkt bezeichnend; ἐκ Πύλου ἐλϑὼν τηλόϑεν ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης Il. 1, 269, u. so bei allen Folgenden; ἐξ οἴκων μολεῖν Soph. Phil. 60; ἐξιέναι ἐκ γῆς εἰς φῶς Plat. Prot. 321 c; ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου ἀνέβησαν ἐπὶ γήλοφον Xen. An. 3, 4, 25; ἐκ νηῶν, ἐκ πόντοιο, von den Schiffen aus, Il. 8, 213 Od. 19, 375; auch übertr., μεταστρέψαι ἦτορ ἐκ χόλου, vom Zorn abwenden, Il. 10, 107. Auch hier stehen die Menschen oft für das Land, ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων ἐλϑεῖν Xen. Cyr. 6, 2, 9, vgl. An. 1, 7, 13; ἃ ἐκ τῶν Ταόχων ἔλαβον 4, 7, 17; ἐξ ἐμοῦ, aus meinem Hause, Ar. Par 1195; ἐκ τῶν γειτόνων, aus der Nachbarschaft, Lycurg. 21; Ar. Plut. 431. An σώζειν ἐκ τῆςδε γῆς, Soph. Phil. 524, schließt sich ἐκ πολλῶν ἔσωσας, El. 1348; ἐκ κακῶν πεφευγέναι, Ant. 833; παῦσον ἐκ κακῶν ἐμέ El. 975; κολώνης ἐξ ἄκρας νεόῤῥυτοι πηγαί 882; ἐκ φοινίας πληγῆς αἱμα Ai. 901; vgl. ἐξ ἀειρύτου χοὰς κρήνης ἔνεγκον O. C. 470; δύςνιπτον ἐκ δέλτου γραφήν Tr. 680; ἀμφίκλυστος ἐκ πόντου πέτρα Phil. 777, aus dem Meere hervorragend; ἐξ ἀγορᾶς ὠνεῖσϑαι Plat. com. Poll. 6, 103; ἐκ χρυσῶν φιαλῶν πίνειν, aus goldenen Schalen, Xen. Cyr. 5, 3, 3; ἐξ ὕπνου ἐγείρειν Il. 5, 413. – b) Eine eigenthümliche Kürze liegt in Ausdrücken wie ὁ ἐκ Βυζαντίου ἁρμοστὴς μέλλει ἥξειν Xen. An. 6, 2, 17, wie auch wir »der Harmost aus Byzanz wird kommen« sagen; ἁρπάζειν τὰ ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν, das, was im Hause ist, aus demselben rauben, plündern, Cyr. 7, 2, 5; τοὺς ἐκ τῶν πόλεων λαβεῖν An. 1, 2, 3; οἱ ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἔϑεον u. ä.; einfacher ist τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἀγροῦ ὡραῖα 5, 3, 9; ἅπαντα τἀκ τῆς οἰκίας ἀπώλεσεν Philem. Stob. fl. 105, 50; οἱ ἐκ τῶν νήσων κακοῦργοι ἀνέστησαν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ, die Räuber auf den Inseln wurden von diesem verjagt, Thuc. 1, 8, vgl. 1, 105. 2, 5. 13. – Mit δέχου δὲ χειρὸς ἐξ ἐμῆς βέλη Soph. Phil. 1271 u. μεϑιέναι O. C. 910 ist zu vgl. οἱ ἐκ χειρὸς βάλλοντες, das sind ἀκοντισταί, Xen. An. 3, 3, 15; ἐκ χειρὸς χρῆσϑαι Cyr. 1, 2, 9, u. oft μάχεσϑαι u. ä. – c) Sehr häufig sind bes. bei den Geschichtschreibern die Bezeichnungen ἐκ δεξιᾶς, ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς u. ä., von der rechten Seite, die oft auch mit Verdis der Ruhe verbunden sind: ἐκ τοῦ ἔμπροσϑεν στῆναι Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 6; οἱ ἐξ ἐναντίας 7, 1, 20; ἐκ μὲν τοῦ ἐπὶ ϑάτερα Plat. Prot. 314 e; τόπος ἀπότομος ἐκ ϑαλάττης, von der Meeresseite, Crit. 118 a; ἐκ μὲν ϑαλάττης τὴν Εὕβοιαν προβαλέσϑαι πρὸ τῆς Ἀττικῆς, ἐκ δὲ μεσογαίας τὴν Βοιωτίαν Dem. 18, 301. Vgl. πολλὰ μὲν γὰρ ἐκ ϑαλάσσης, πολλὰ ἐκ χέρσου κακὰ γίγνεται ϑνητοῖς Aesch. Pers. 694; τοὺς ἱππέας ἐκ πλαγίου τάττειν τῶν Ἀϑηναίων, den Athenern in die Flanken stellen, Thuc. 7, 6; daher οἱ ἐκ τοῦ πλαγίου, die in der Flanke stehenden, Xen. Cyr. 7, 1, 20; – ἐξ ἀγχιμόλοιο ἰδεῖν, in der Nähe, Il. 24, 352; ἐκ πολλοῦ, πλείονος u. ä. φεύγειν, ἐκ τοσούτου διώκειν, von weitem, aus so weiter Entfernung, Thuc. 4, 129 Xen. An. 1, 10, 11 u. öfter; Hell. 4, 4, 10 An. 2, 21, 8; ἐκ τόξου ῥύματος καταλαβεῖν, von Bogenschußweite aus, An. 3, 3, 15; ἐξ ἀκοντίου βολῆς ᾕρουν Xen. Hell. 4, 5, 15; ἐξ ὄψεως μήκους Cyr. 4, 3, 16; ἐκ πολλοῠ προορᾶν 5, 4, 49; Sp., wie ἐξ εἴκοσι βημάτων, auf zwanzig Schritt, Plut. Demetr. 21. – d) die Bdtg außerhalb ist in ἐκ καπνοῠ κατέϑηκα Od. 19, 7 nur scheinbar, u. eine Kürze des Ausdruckes, aus dem Rauch wegtragen u. niederlegen; οὕτω τοι καὶ ἐγὼν ἐκ πατρίδος, sc. φεύγω, Od. 15, 222; von Streitern, ἄστεος ἐκ σφετέρου, fern von, Il. 18, 210; vgl. Her. 2, 142; ἐκ μέσου καϑῆσϑαι, sich aus der Mitte wegsetzen, 3, 83, wie ἐκ μέσου γίγνεσϑαι, Aesch. ep. 12, sich zurückziehen; bei Paus. 3, 14, 9 ist ἐκ τῆς πόλεως in ἐκτός von Sylburg geändert. – e) An kann es übersetzt werden in ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα, er hing die Leier an den Pflock, nämlich so, daß sie von diesem herabhing, Od. 8, 67; ἀνάπτεσϑαι ἔκ τινος, an Etwas anknüpfen, so daß das Band davon auszugehen scheint, 12, 51; ἐξ ἄντυγος ἡνία τείνας Il. 5, 322; μαχαίρας εἶχον ἐκ τελαμώνων 18, 598; τῆς δ' (ἀσπίδος) ἐξ ἀργύρεος τελαμὼν ἦν, an demselben, 11, 38; προςφυὲς ἔκ τινος, daran sitzend, Od. 19, 58. Man vgl. ἐκ τῶν ζωστήρων φορεῖν φιάλας Her. 4, 40, am Gürtel hangend, wie 9, 74; τὰ δρέπανα ἐκ τῶν ἀξόνων Xen. An. 1, 8, 10. So auch ἐκ χειρὸς λαμβάνεσϑαι u. ä., ἐκ σκήπτρου ὁδοιπορεῖν, an einem Stabe, Soph. O. C. 848; vgl. τοῖς τυφλοῖσι κέλευϑος ἐκ προηγητοῠ πέλει, die Blinden wandern an der Hand des Führers, Ant. 989; – die Uebersetzung auf in Verbindungen wie ἕλκεν νευρὴν – αὐτόϑεν ἐκ δίφροιο καϑήμενος, ἧκε δ' ὀϊστόν Od. 21, 420 ist nicht genau, es ist auch hier = von dem Sitze aus, dasitzend, wie auch bei Soph. Ant. 407 καϑἠμεϑ' ἄκρων ἐκ πάγων an das Hinabschauen vom Berge zu denken, wie Il. 14, 154 Ἥρη εἰςεῖδε –. στᾶσ' ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο u. Thuc. 3, 22 ᾔσϑοντο οἱ ἐκ τῶν πύργων, die auf den Thürmen Befindlichen bemerkten es von da aus, vgl. b). – Das Ausgehen von Etwas ist auch ein Absondern, Trennen von, aus, ἐκ δεσμῶν λυϑείς Aesch. Prom. 507. 874; so bes. ἐκ πάντων, aus Allen heraus, vor Allen, Il. 4, 96, wie ἐκ μὲν ἀλλάων ἁλιάων ἀνδρὶ δάμασσεν 18, 432; τὰν ἐκ πασᾶν τιμᾷς ὑπερταταν πόλεων Soph. Ant. 1124; ἐκ δὲ τῶν μάλιστ' ἐγώ O. C. 746, wie ἐκ πάντων μάλιστα Thuc. 2, 49 u. sonst; fast die Stelle des genit. partitivus vertretend, ἐκ πολέων πίσυρες, vier aus, von vielen, Il. 15, 680; ὅν ποτ' ἐκ πολλῶν ἐγὼ μόνον προςεῦρον πιστόν Soph. El. 1343; vgl. O. C. 70 Ant. 652 Tr. 731; μοῠνος ἐξ ἁπάντων Her. 5, 87; οὗτοι ἐσώϑησαν ἐκ τῶν ἀμφὶ τοὺς μυρίους Xen. An. 5, 3, 3; ἐκ πάντων προτιμᾶσϑαι Thuc. 1, 120; ἐκ πάντων τιμᾶν, vor Allen ehren, Her. 1, 134. – 2) In mannichfaltigen Verbindungen bezeichnet es den Ursprung, wobei immer an einen stetigen Zusammenhang des Abgeleiteten u. des Ursprünglichen zu denken ist: – a) den leiblichen Ursprung, sowohl den Vater als die Mutter bezeichnend; bei Hom. gew. ἔκ τινος εἶναι u. γενέσϑαι, vollständiger ἐξ ἐμοῠ γένος ἐσσί, du stammst von mir dem Geschlechte nach, Il. 5, 896; ὦ παῖ, πατρὸς ἐξ Ἀχιλλέος Soph. Phil. 260; ἐκ κείνου γεγώς Ai. 467; ἐξ ἧς ἔφυ γυναικός O. R. 458; Ai. 1268; μητρὸς ἐξ ὀρεσκόου βλάστημα Aesch. Spt. 514; σέϑεν γὰρ ἐξ αἵματος γεγόναμεν Spt. 118; Plat. αὐτοί τε ἀγαϑοὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀγαϑῶν Phaedr. 246 a; αὐτὴ ϑνητὴ ἐκ ϑνητῶν Legg. X, 889 d; ἐκ γενναίων γαμεῖν Eur. Andr. 1280. – b) vom Vaterlande, ξένος μέν εἰμι Δαυλιεὺς ἐκ Φωκέων Aesch. Ch. 663; ὁ ἐξ Αἰτωλίας, = Αἰτωλός, Soph. El. 694; οἱ ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας, die Perser, Isocr. 4, 82. Hieran reihen sich bes. bei Späteren Umschreibungen, οἱ ἐκ Μακεδονίας βασιλεῖς, die macedonischen Könige, Pol. 2, 40, 5; οἱ ἐκ τῆς συγκλήτου, die Senatoren 3, 97, 1; οἱ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, die Bürger, 4, 71, 11. Geläufig war οἱ ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου, Oratt. Man vgl. οἱ ἐκ τῆς διατριβῆς ταύτης Aesch. 1, 54; οἱ ἐκ τοῠ περιπάτου, die Peripatetiker, Luc. Hermot. 11; u. was sich weiter davon entfernt, ϑάπτειν τοὺς ἐκ τῶν πολέμων, die in den Kriegen Gefallenen, Thuc. 2, 34 (vgl. ἀνελόμενος τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ναυμαχίας Plat. apol. 32 b); οἱ ἐκ τῶν ὑποδεεστέρων, die Dürftigeren, 2, 89; οἱ ἐκ διπλασίων κτημάτων Plat. Legg. V, 743 b. – c) seltener zeigt es den Stoff an; ἐκ ξύλων ποιεῦντες τὰ πλοῖα Her. 1, 194; 3, 24; ἐκ πέτρας εἰργασμένος Aesch. Prom. 242; πίνοντας ἐκ κριϑῶν μέϑυ Suppl. 931; τὸ ἄγκιστρον εἶναι ἐξ ἀδάμαντος Plat. Rep. X, 616 c; στράτευμα ἐξ ἐραστῶν, aus Liebhabern bestehend, Xen. Conv. 8, 32. Man vgl. noch ἐκ ποταμοῦ νίζεσϑαι Od. 6, 224;. ἐκ χρημάτων τριήρεις παρασκευάζεσϑαι Plut. Them. 4; ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων (χρημάτων), aus eigenen Mitteln, Dem. 19, 229; ἐκ τῶν κοινῶν ταῖς ἰδίαις ἀπορίαις βοηϑεῖν Isocr. 12, 140; ζῆν ἔκ τινος, Xen. Hell. 3, 2, 11; τρέφειν τινὰ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων, Isocr. 15, 152; vgl. unten f. – d) vom geistigen Ursprunge, innerem Antriebe, ἐκ ϑυμοῠ φιλεῖν, aus Herzensgrunde, Il. 9, 486, wie Bion. 4, 2; ἐξ ἔριδος μάχεσϑαι, in Folge des Streites, aus Haß, Il. 7, 111; Od. 4, 343; so Tragg., δακρυχέων ἐκ φρενός Aesch. Spt. 902; Ag. 532; ὁ ἐκ φρενὸς λόγος Ch. 105: ἐκ ποίου φρονήματος ἀτιμάζεις Suppl. 889; ἐξ εὐμενῶν στέρνων δέχεσϑαι τὸν ἱκέτην Soph. O. C. 487; οὐδὲν ἐκ σαυτῆς λέγεις El. 344, vgl. O. R. 528; ἐκ παντὸς τοῠ νοῦ Plat. Gorg. 510 b; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς φίλος Xen. An. 7, 7, 43; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀσπάζεσϑαι Oec. 10, 4. – e) Ganz allgemein von der Veranlassung, von der Etwas ausgeht; μήνιος ἐξ ὀλοῆς, in Folge, wegen des Zorns, Od. 3, 135; ἐξ ἀρέων κεχολωμένος Il. 9, 566; ἀρϑεὶς νεικέων ἐξ ἀμφιλόγων Soph. Ant. 111; ἐκ τέχνης κακῆς πράσσειν Phil. 88; vgl. Plat. Tim. 33 d; ἐξ ἀβουλίας πεσεῖν Soph. El. 390; ἐκ φόβου γλῶσσαν ἐγκλῄσας ἔχω Ant. 180; παλαιῶν Ἄρεος ἐκ μηνιμάτων Eur. Phoen. 914. Dah. ἐκ τίνος ἐπλήγης; weshalb. Xen. An. 5, 8, 4; vgl. ἐκ διαβολῆς, ἐξ ὑποψίας, 2, 5, 5; ἀγαϑὸς ἐκ πολυμαϑίας γενόμενος Plat. Legg. VII, 811 a, wie ἐκ τέχνης ποιητὴς ἐσόμενος Phaedr. 245 a; ἔπαινον εἴληφεν ἔκ τινος Legg. I, 625 a; ἐκ τοιᾶςδε προφάσεως Critia. 120 d; ἄχϑεσϑαι ἔκ τινος Rep. VIII, 549 d; ἐξ ὑποβολῆς Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, 37; ἀρέσκειν ἔκ τινος Conv. 4, 57; μισεῖν ἐκ τῶν ἐγκλημάτων Dem. 1, 7; ἐκ τῆς βουλῆς 24, 63; μηδεὶς ἐκ τριηραρχίας ὑπάρξει ἀτελής 20, 20; ἐλπίδας ἔχειν ἔκ τινος Thuc. 1, 84; ἐξ εὐεργεσιῶν εὐμενῶς διατεϑείς Isocr. 4, 28. Vgl. noch τὰ ἐξ ἀδικίας κέρδη Plat. Rep. II, 366 a; οἱ ἐκ τοῠ ἀδίκου φιλοκερδοῠντες Xen. An. 1, 9, 16; Cyr. 8, 8, 18; ἐκ τοῦ δικαίου Hell. 6, 5, 16; κτᾶσϑαι Lys. 19, 9. Aehnlich πῶς ἔχει ἐκ τοῦ τραύματος, in Folge, d. i. nach den Wunden, s. unten Xen. Cyr. 5, 4, 10. Häufig so auch von Personen, ἐκ ϑεό φιν πολεμίζειν, auf Antrieb der Götter, Il. 17, 101; ἐξ ἀνδρῶν τλῆμεν, auf Anlaß der Männer, 5, 384; τιμὴ ἐκ Διός ἐστιν 2, 197; vgl. Hes. O. 30; ὄναρ ἐκ Διός, ein vom Zeus veranlaßter Traum, Il. 1, 63; ἐκ Διὸς πάσχω κακῶς Aesch. Prom. 761; πᾶσαι τέχναι βροτοῖσιν ἐκ Προμηϑέως 504; ἄτιμοι ἐκ ϑεῶν Ag. 997; vgl. ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων Eum. 327; τὰ ἐκ προτέρων ἀμπλακήματα 894; ἐξ ἐμοῠ κτήσει χάριν Soph. Phil. 1356; ἐπαίνου ἔκ τινος τυχεῖν Ant. 665; Tr. 449; τὰ ἐκ ϑεῶν τρέμοντες O. C. 257, den Götterspruch; ἡ ἐκ σοῦ δυσμένεια, dein Uebelwollen, El. 619; ἀπιστία ἔκ τινος Xen. An. 7, 7, 30; ὁ ἐκ τῶν Ἑλλήνων εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρους φόβος, von den Hellenen ausgehend, veranlaßt, 1, 2, 18; ψόφος ἔκ τινος Thuc. 3, 22; σωτηρία ἔκ τινος, durch Einen bewirkte Rettung, Plat. Rep. VIII, 494 a; τὰ ἐξ Ἑλλήνων τείχεα Her. 2, 148; ἡ ἐκ τῶν Ἑλλήνων εὔνοια Pol. 3, 6, 13; ἡ ἐκ τούτου πρᾶξις 9, 29, 7; ἡ ἐκ τῆς πονηρίας αἰσχύνη, ἡ ἐκ τοῠ δανείζεσϑαι ἀμηχανία, Plut. vit. aer. al. 6. Daher steht ἐκ sogar bei passivis für ὑπό, Hom. ἐφίληϑεν ἐκ Διός Il. 2, 669; τετίμηται ἐκ παίδων Od. 7, 70; Τρώεσσι δὲ κήδε' ἐφῆπται ἐκ Διός Il. 2, 69; ἐκ φίλων κρατηϑείς Aesch. Spt. 322; ἐκ ϑεῶν δοϑείς Eum. 470; ἐκ βασιλέως δεδομένος Her. 8, 114; Xen. An. 1, 1, 6; ἐκ ϑεῶν δωρηϑέν Plat. Tim. 47 b. So bei tödten, umkommen, δαμεὶς ἐκ χερος Φοίβου Aesch. Ag. 1501; Soph. Phil. 335; ϑανεῖν Tr. 1123; ἀνδρὸς ἐκ τίνος διώλετο O. R. 225; ὀλοίμην ἐκ ϑεῶν Ch. 1000; vgl. ὡς ἔρις ἔκ τε ϑεῶν ἔκ τ' ἀνϑρώπων ἀπόλοιτο Il. 18, 107; σφαγεὶς ἔκ τινος Eur. I. T. 552. Oft bei Her.; τὸ ποιηϑὲν ἐκ Ψαμμητίχου 2, 151; 3, 14; λεχϑέντα ἐξ Ἀλεξάνδρου 7, 175. Seltener bei den Attikern; τὰἐξ ἐμοῠ πραχϑέντα Antiph. II δ 1; ἐκ τῶν συνειδότων μεμηνῠσϑαι Thuc. 1, 20; ἐκ τῶν κινδυνεύειν ἐϑελόντων ὠφελεῖσϑε Lys. 16, 18; ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐλέγχονται Is. 6, 57; ἐξ ἁπάντων ἀμφιςβητήσεται Plat. Theaet. 171 b; ὁ μῠϑος ἐκ παλαιῶν ἰερέων εἴρηται Legg. IX, 872 e; ἐκ τῶν τυχόντων ἀνϑρώπων συνοικισϑεῖσα Lycurg. 62. Zu vergleichen sind aber ἐκ βασιλέως καϑεστηκώς Xen. Cyr. 8, 6, 9, φεύγειν ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου, durch den Areopag verbannt werden, Din. 1, 44. Bei Tragg. findet sich noch ἄρχεσϑαι ἔκ τινος, Soph. Ant. 63; Eur. Hel. 1030; ἐχϑαρεῖ ἐξ ἐμοῠ, Soph. Ant. 93; ταῦτ' ἐξ Ἀλεξάνδρου ἔργα, Phil. 404; γελᾶσϑαι ἔκ τινος, Eur. Med. 797. Oft bei Aesch. u. A. δέχεσϑαι, ἑλεῖν, λαβεῖν ἐκ χερῶν, s. d. verba (πλουτεῖν ἔκ τινος Dem. 21, 189), wie κλύειν, ἀκούειν ἔκ τινος u. ä. – f) in manchen Verbindungen steht es dem dat. od. adverbialen Bestimmungen gleich; ὑψόσε δ' ἄχνη σκί. δναται ἐξ ἀνέμοιο ἰωῆς Il. 11, 307; so ἐκ βίας = βίᾳ, Soph. Phil. 559 u. öfter; ἐξ ἀνάγκης od. ἐξ ἀναγκαίας τύχης, 73 El. 48; Plat. Phileb. 22 b; vgl. ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἐστί μοι ποιεῖν τι, Antiphan. bei Ath. VI, 224 c; vgl. Plat. Soph. 256 d; ἐκ τῶν δυναμένων Gorg. 525 c; ἐκ τῶν λόγων καὶ ἔργων χαρίζεσϑαι, mit Wort u. That, Phaedr. 931 c; ἐκ δόλου, listig, Soph. El. 271; σίδηρος ὀπτὸς ἐκ πυρός Ant. 471; ἐκ τόξων ἀνύειν γαστρὶ φορβάν Phil. 702; ὑπερχλιδῶντες ἐκ γλώσσης κακῆς Tr. 208; βέβηκε ἐξ ἀκινήτου ποδός 872; u. wo das Ausgehen deutlicher hervortritt, ὀδύρομαι ὡς ἐκ στομάτων O. R. 1218; ἐκ τοῦ ἐμφανοῠς, ἐκ τοῠ φανεροῦ, = φανερῶς, Her. 3, 150; Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 41; Isocr. 4, 147 u. A.; ἐξ ἀπροςδοκήτου, ἀέλπτου, Her. 7, 204. 1, 111; ἐξ ἴσου, 7, 135, τιμᾶν, ἀκούειν ἀμφοτέροιν, auf gleiche Weise, Aesch. Suppl. 400 Dem. 29, 4 Aesch. 1, 28, wie ἐκ τῶν ὁμοίων, Ag. 1397; οὐκ ἐξ ἴσου ἐσμέν, wir stehen nicht gleich, Xen. An. 3, 4, 47; ἐξ ἑτοίμου ἀκοντίζειν Cyr. 8, 5, 12; ἐξ ἑτοιμοτάτου, 5, 3, 57; vgl. ἐκ τῆς ἰϑείης, νέης, ὑστέρης, Her. 3, 127. 5, 116. 6, 85; ἐξ ἐπιβουλῆς Xen. An. 6, 2, 7. – 3) Hieran reiht sich die Bdtg gemäß, d. i. von Etwas ausgehend und durch Etwas veranlaßt; ἔκρινα ἐξ ὀνειράτων ἃ χρὴ ὕπαρ γενέσϑαι Aesch. Prom. 483; ἐκ τῶνδε, demgemäß; ἐξ ὧν σὺ λέγεις ἔοικε Plat. Prot. 313 c; ἀδύνατον ἐκ τῶν ὡμολογημένων, nach dem, 358 e; ἐξ ὧν ἀκούω κρίνω Xen. An. 1, 10, 28, wie ἐκ τῶν ἔργων Cyr. 2, 2, 21; ἐκ τῆς ὄψιος τοῠ ὀνεί. ρου Her. 2, 152; ἐξ ὧν ἐγὼ ἀκοῇ αἰσϑάνομαι Thuc. 6, 17; ἐξ ὦν ᾔσϑημαι Plat. Phaed. 61 c; ἐκ τῶν λόγων καὶ τῶν ἔργων χαρίζεσϑαι 231 c, vgl. 243 d; ἐκ τῆς νικώσης πάντα ἔπραττον, nach Stimmenmehrheit, Xen. An. 5, 9, 18, wie ἐκ τῶν λεγομένων καὶ μαρτυρουμένων ψηφίζεσϑαι Dem. 46, 4. Häufig bei Rednern αἱ ἐκ τῶν νόμων ζημίαι, τιμωρίαι, δίκη, ἐπιτίμια, die gesetzmäßigen, gesetzlichen, z. B. Dem. 58, 8. 18, 13. 19, 281; Lycurg. 4, 8; ἡ ἐκ τοῠ νόμου ἀρά Dem. 19, 70; vgl. τόδ' ἐκ νόμων σέβας Aesch. Eum. 92; ἐκ κελεύσματος Pers. 389; ἐκ τοῠ δικαίου Pol. 15, 22, 1; μηδέποτε ἐκ λόγου σκοπεῖσϑαι, vernunftgemäß, Dem. 25, 42; ἐκ τῶν παρόντων, der gegenwärtigen Lage, den Umständen gemäß, Thuc. 3, 29; Xen. An. 3, 2, 3 u. Folgende, wie Plat. Alc. 38; ὡς δυνατὸν ἐκ τοῠ τοιούτου τρόπου, bei einem solchen Charakter, Xen. An. 2, 6, 8; vgl. Ar. Th. 99; anders ἐκ τρόπου τοιοῠδε, auf folgende Weise, Lys. 13, 7, wie μαστεύουσι ζῆν ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου Xen. An. 3, 1, 43; Thuc. 6, 92. 8, 66; – ἐξ ὀνόματος προςαγορεύειν, mit Namen, Plut. Crass. 3. – 4) Eine Zeitfolge, bes. ἐξ οὗ, ἐκ τοῠ, ἐκ τούτου, seitdem, Il. 1, 493. 8, 295; bei allen Folgenden sehr gewöhnlich; ἃ 'κ τῶνδε δράσω Soph. O. R. 235. Bestimmter ἐκ γενετῆς, von Geburt an, Il. 24, 535; ἐκ νεότητος ἐς γῆρας 14, 86; bei Attikern bes. ἐκ τῶν παίδων, auch ἐκ νέων εὐϑύς, Plat. Legg. I, 642 h; ἐκ μικροῦ παιδαρίου αὐτὸν ἔϑρεψε Dem. 53, 19; ἐκ πολλοῠ χρόνου Plat. Men. 234 e; ἐκ τριῶν ἐτέων προετοιμάζετο Her. 7, 22; ἐξ ἦρος εἰς ἀρκτοῠρον Soph. O. R. 1137; ἐξ ἕω, vom Morgen an, Ar. Eccl. 85; ἐκ τοῦ ἀρίστου Xen. An. 4, 6, 21, gleich nach dem Frühstück; ἐξ ὀλίγων ἡμερῶν, auch ἐξ ὀλίγου λέγειν, nach Vorbereitung weniger Tage sprechen, Lys. 2, 1; ἐξ ἀρχῆς, von Anfang an, zuerst, Hom. u. alle Folgdn; ἐκ παλαιοῠ u. ἐκ παλαιτάτου, schon längst, ἐκ τοῠ λοιποῠ χρόνου, Dem. 59, 46. Uebh. drückt es die unmittelbare Zeitfolge aus, ἐκ πολλῆς ἡσυχίας, nach langer Ruhe, Her. 1, 86; ἐκ τῶν πρόσϑεν δακρύων γελᾶν Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 28, gleich nach dem Weinen lachen; ἐπειδή μ' ἐκ τοῦ πόνου ὁ ὕπνος ἀνῆκεν Plat. Prot. 310 d; Phaedr. 251 a; vgl. ἔπειτα ἐκ τούτων τρίτον Phil. 27 b, nach diesem den dritten; womit sich wieder die Bdtg. in Folge verbindet in ἐκ τρωμάτων ϑνήσκειν Her. 2, 63; ἐξ ἧς μάχης ἐμοὶ τἀριστεῖα ἔδοσαν οἱ στρατηγοί, nach und in Folge welcher Schlacht, Plat. Conv. 220 d. Daran reiht sich – a) das Uebergehen aus einem Zustande in einen andern, κάλλιστον ἦμαρ εἰςιδεῖν ἐκ χείματος, nach dem Sturm, Aesch. Ag. 874; τυφλὸς γὰρ ἐκ δεδορκότος Soph. O. R. 454, blind aus einem sehenden, nachdem man sehend gewesen; λευκὴν ἐκ μελαίνης ἀμφιβάλλομαι τρίχα Ant. 1080; ἐκ τοιούτου ϑῆλυς εὕρημαι Tr. 1064; ἐκ σμικρῶν εἰς τυραννίδα ἀφικέσϑαι Eur. Hel. 1030; ὑπὸ στέγαισί τε οἵαισι ναίω, βασιλικῶν ἐκ δωμάτων, nachdem ich km Palast gewohnt, El. 306; τὰ καινὰ ἐκ τῶν ἠϑάδων ἡδίον' ἐστίν Cycl. 250: χρήσιμον ἐξ ἀχρήστου ποιεῖν Plat. Rep. VII, 530 c; λύκος ἐξ ἀνϑρώπου γενέσϑαι VIII, 566 a; ἐξ ἐλάττονος ὄντος πρότερον ἔπειτα μεῖζον γίγνεσϑαι Phaed. 70 e; ἐλεύϑερος ἐκ δούλου καὶ πλούσιος ἐκ πτωχοῠ γεγονώς Dem. 18, 131; Xen. An. 7, 7, 28 u. A., wo überall auch der Ausgangspunkt durch ἐκ bezeichnet ist. – b) das unmittelbare Aufeinanderfolgen, daher Ausdruck der Häufung; ἐξ ἡμέρης ἐς ἡμέρην ἀναβάλλειν, von Tag zu Tag, Her. 9, 8; ξενίζουσ' ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας Henioch. Stob. fl. 43, 27; δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῠ Il. 19, 290; πόλιν ἐκ πόλεως, Stadt vor Stadt, Plat. Soph. 224 b; χεὶρ ἐκ χειρός Aesch. Ag. 1109; ἀεί τιν' ἐκ φόβου φόβον τρέφω, eine Besorgniß nach der andern, Soph. Tr. 28; μόχϑος ἐκ μόχϑων Eur. I. T. 191; ἐλπίδες ἐξ ἐλπίδων Dem. 19, 18; ἄλλον ἐξ ἄλλου τύραννον μεταβάλλειν Plut. Timol. 1.
Adverbium : ἐκ δ' ἀργύρεον τελαμῶνα, daran, Il. 18, 480. Bei Soph. Tr. 1042 ἐκ μὲν ἐσχάτας βέβρωκε σάρκας – ἐκ δὲ χλωρὸν αίμά μου πέπωκεν u. ähnlichen Ausdrücken pflegt man eine Tmesis anzunehmen. – Man vgl. διέκ, παρέκ, ὑπέκ.
Bei Hom. u. andern Ep. wird ἐκ durch mehrere Wörter von seinem Genitiv getrennt, wie man wenigstens Fälle, wie ἐκ δ' ἔβαλ' ἵππων Il. 11, 109 erkl.; bei denselben wird es auch nicht selten dem casus nachgesetzt, z. B. τῆς δ' ἐξ ἀργύρεος τελαμὼν ἦν Il. 11, 38, in welchem Falle es am Ende des Verses, 14, 472 Od. 17, 518, oder wo noch ein genitiv folgt, wie Il. 5, 865 καύματος ἒξ ἀνέμοιο δυςαέος ὀρνυμένοιο, den Accent bekommt.
In der Zusammensetzung bedeutet es – 1) die Entfernung heraus, weg, z. B. ἐκβάλλω, ἔξειμι u. ä. – 2) den Ursprung, ἔκγονος. – 3) Vollendung, ein Herausarbeiten, ἐκβαρβαρόω, ἐξοπλίζω, ἐκπικρος.
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2 ἐκ
ἐκ, vor Vokalen ἐξ, doch zuweilen auch vor Consonanten, bes. σ in Inscr., wo vor β, δ, λ u. μ auch ἐγ geschrieben ist. Im Allgemeinen das Ausgehen aus etwas heraus bezeichnend: (1) vom Orte, aus, von etwas her. (a) zunächst bei Verbis der Bewegung: den Ausgangspunkt bezeichnend; ἐκ νηῶν, ἐκ πόντοιο, von den Schiffen aus; auch übertr., μεταστρέψαι ἦτορ ἐκ χόλου, vom Zorn abwenden. Auch hier stehen die Menschen oft für das Land; ἐξ ἐμοῦ, aus meinem Hause; ἐκ τῶν γειτόνων, aus der Nachbarschaft; ἀμφίκλυστος ἐκ πόντου πέτρα, aus dem Meere hervorragend; ἐκ χρυσῶν φιαλῶν πίνειν, aus goldenen Schalen. (b) ἁρπάζειν τὰ ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν, das, was im Hause ist, aus demselben rauben, plündern; οἱ ἐκ τῶν νήσων κακοῦργοι ἀνέστησαν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ, die Räuber auf den Inseln wurden von diesem verjagt. (c) Sehr häufig sind bes. bei den Geschichtschreibern die Bezeichnungen ἐκ δεξιᾶς, ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς u. ä., von der rechten Seite, die oft auch mit Verdis der Ruhe verbunden sind; τοὺς ἱππέας ἐκ πλαγίου τάττειν τῶν Ἀϑηναίων, den Athenern in die Flanken stellen; daher οἱ ἐκ τοῦ πλαγίου, die in der Flanke stehenden; ἐξ ἀγχιμόλοιο ἰδεῖν, in der Nähe; ἐκ πολλοῦ, πλείονος u. ä. φεύγειν, ἐκ τοσούτου διώκειν, von weitem, aus so weiter Entfernung; ἐκ τόξου ῥύματος καταλαβεῖν, von Bogenschußweite aus; wie ἐξ εἴκοσι βημάτων, auf zwanzig Schritt. (d) die Bdtg außerhalb ist in ἐκ καπνοῠ κατέϑηκα Od. 19, 7 nur scheinbar, u. eine Kürze des Ausdruckes, aus dem Rauch wegtragen u. niederlegen; von Streitern, ἄστεος ἐκ σφετέρου; ἐκ μέσου καϑῆσϑαι, sich aus der Mitte wegsetzen; wie ἐκ μέσου γίγνεσϑαι, sich zurückziehen. (e) ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα, er hing die Leier an den Pflock, nämlich so, daß sie von diesem herabhing; ἀνάπτεσϑαι ἔκ τινος, an etwas anknüpfen, so daß das Band davon auszugehen scheint; προςφυὲς ἔκ τινος, daran sitzend; ἐκ τῶν ζωστήρων φορεῖν φιάλας, am Gürtel hangend; ἐκ σκήπτρου ὁδοιπορεῖν, an einem Stabe; τοῖς τυφλοῖσι κέλευϑος ἐκ προηγητοῠ πέλει, die Blinden wandern an der Hand des Führers; ἕλκεν νευρὴν αὐτόϑεν ἐκ δίφροιο καϑήμενος, ἧκε δ' ὀϊστόν, von dem Sitze aus, dasitzend; καϑἠμεϑ' ἄκρων ἐκ πάγων an das Hinabschauen vom Berge zu denken; ᾔσϑοντο οἱ ἐκ τῶν πύργων, die auf den Türmen Befindlichen bemerkten es von da aus. Das Ausgehen von etwas ist auch ein Absondern, Trennen von, aus; so bes. ἐκ πάντων, aus allen heraus, vor allen. (2) In mannichfaltigen Verbindungen bezeichnet es den Ursprung, wobei immer an einen stetigen Zusammenhang des Abgeleiteten u. des Ursprünglichen zu denken ist: (a) den leiblichen Ursprung, sowohl den Vater als die Mutter bezeichnend; gew. ἔκ τινος εἶναι u. γενέσϑαι, vollständiger ἐξ ἐμοῠ γένος ἐσσί, du stammst von mir dem Geschlechte nach; (b) vom Vaterlande; οἱ ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας, die Perser; οἱ ἐκ Μακεδονίας βασιλεῖς, die macedonischen Könige; οἱ ἐκ τῆς συγκλήτου, die Senatoren; οἱ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, die Bürger; οἱ ἐκ τοῠ περιπάτου, die Peripatetiker; u. was sich weiter davon entfernt, ϑάπτειν τοὺς ἐκ τῶν πολέμων, die in den Kriegen Gefallenen; οἱ ἐκ τῶν ὑποδεεστέρων, die Dürftigeren. (c) seltener zeigt es den Stoff an; στράτευμα ἐξ ἐραστῶν, aus Liebhabern bestehend; ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων ( χρημάτων), aus eigenen Mitteln. (d) vom geistigen Ursprunge, innerem Antriebe, ἐκ ϑυμοῠ φιλεῖν, aus Herzensgrunde; ἐξ ἔριδος μάχεσϑαι, in Folge des Streites, aus Haß. (e) Ganz allgemein von der Veranlassung, von der etwas ausgeht; μήνιος ἐξ ὀλοῆς, in Folge, wegen des Zorns; πῶς ἔχει ἐκ τοῦ τραύματος, in Folge, d. i. nach den Wunden. Häufig so auch von Personen, ἐκ ϑεόφιν πολεμίζειν, auf Antrieb der Götter; ἐξ ἀνδρῶν τλῆμεν, auf Anlaß der Männer; ὄναρ ἐκ Διός, ein vom Zeus veranlaßter Traum; ἡ ἐκ σοῦ δυσμένεια, dein Übelwollen; ὁ ἐκ τῶν Ἑλλήνων εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρους φόβος, von den Hellenen ausgehend, veranlaßt; σωτηρία ἔκ τινος, durch einen bewirkte Rettung. So bei töten, umkommen; φεύγειν ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου, durch den Areopag verbannt werden; (f) τιμᾶν, ἀκούειν ἀμφοτέροιν, auf gleiche Weise. (3) Hieran reiht sich die Bdtg gemäß, d. i. von etwas ausgehend und durch etwas veranlaßt; ἐκ τῆς νικώσης πάντα ἔπραττον, nach Stimmenmehrheit; αἱ ἐκ τῶν νόμων ζημίαι, τιμωρίαι, δίκη, ἐπιτίμια, die gesetzmäßigen, gesetzlichen; μηδέποτε ἐκ λόγου σκοπεῖσϑαι, vernunftgemäß; παρόντων, der gegenwärtigen Lage, den Umständen gemäß; ὡς δυνατὸν ἐκ τοῠ τοιούτου τρόπου, bei einem solchen Charakter; anders ἐκ τρόπου τοιοῠδε, auf folgende Weise; ἐξ ὀνόματος προςαγορεύειν, mit Namen. (4) Eine Zeitfolge, bes. ἐξ οὗ, ἐκ τοῠ, ἐκ τούτου, seitdem; ἐκ γενετῆς, von Geburt an; ἐξ ἕω, vom Morgen an; ἐκ τοῦ ἀρίστου, gleich nach dem Frühstück; ἐξ ὀλίγων ἡμερῶν, auch ἐξ ὀλίγου λέγειν, nach Vorbereitung weniger Tage sprechen; ἐξ ἀρχῆς, von Anfang an, zuerst; ἐκ παλαιοῠ u. ἐκ παλαιτάτου, schon längst. Übh. drückt es die unmittelbare Zeitfolge aus, ἐκ πολλῆς ἡσυχίας, nach langer Ruhe; ἐκ τῶν πρόσϑεν δακρύων γελᾶν, gleich nach dem Weinen lachen; ἔπειτα ἐκ τούτων τρίτον, nach diesem den dritten; ἐξ ἧς μάχης ἐμοὶ τἀριστεῖα ἔδοσαν οἱ στρατηγοί, nach und in Folge welcher Schlacht. (a) das Übergehen aus einem Zustande in einen andern, κάλλιστον ἦμαρ εἰςιδεῖν ἐκ χείματος, nach dem Sturm; τυφλὸς γὰρ ἐκ δεδορκότος, blind aus einem sehenden, nachdem man sehend gewesen; ὑπὸ στέγαισί τε οἵαισι ναίω, βασιλικῶν ἐκ δωμάτων, nachdem ich im Palast gewohnt. (b) das unmittelbare Aufeinanderfolgen, daher Ausdruck der Häufung; ἐξ ἡμέρης ἐς ἡμέρην ἀναβάλλειν, von Tag zu Tag; πόλιν ἐκ πόλεως, Stadt vor Stadt; ἀεί τιν' ἐκ φόβου φόβον τρέφω, eine Besorgnis nach der anderen. In der Zusammensetzung bedeutet es (1) die Entfernung heraus, weg, z. B. ἐκβάλλω, ἔξειμι u. ä. (2) den Ursprung, ἔκγονος. (3) Vollendung, ein Herausarbeiten, ἐκβαρβαρόω, ἐξοπλίζω, ἐκπικρος -
3 ἐπί
ἐπί prep. w. gen., dat., or acc.; s. the lit. on ἀνά, beg. (Hom.+). The basic idea is ‘upon’ (opp. ὑπό) Kühner-G. I 495; s. also Rob 600–605. (In the foll. classifications case use is presented seriatim; in earlier editions of this lexicon all sections, except 13, 17, and 18 [of time], were included under the general rubric ‘Place’.)① marker of location or surface, answering the question ‘where?’ on, upon, nearⓐ w. gen., marking a position on a surface ἐ. (τῆς) γῆς on (the) earth (cp. En 9:1; 98:1; ἐ. γῆς 25:6; PsSol 17:2) Mt 6:10, 19; 9:6; 23:9; Mk 6:47 al. (Ar. 12, 1; Just., A I, 54, 7 al.). ἐ. τῆς θαλάσσης on the sea (cp. Job 9:8; Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 129 βαδίζειν ἐ. τῆς θαλ.; Lucian, Philops. 13 βαδίζειν ἐφʼ ὕδατος, VH 2, 4; Artem. 3, 16 ἐ. τ. θαλάσσης περιπατεῖν; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 15 p. 5, 26ff relying on the testimony of Hesiod: Orion was given a gift [δωρεά] by the gods καὶ ἐ. κυμάτων πορεύεσθαι καὶ ἐ. τῆς γῆς) Mt 14:26; Mk 6:48f; J 6:19 (w. acc. P75; s. 4bβ below). ἐ. τῶν νεφελῶν on the clouds Mt 24:30; 26:64 (Da 7:13; cp. Philo, Praem. 8). ἐ. κλίνης 9:2; Lk 17:34. ἐ. τοῦ δώματος on the roof vs. 31; Mt 24:17; 10:27 foll. by pl. W. verbs: κάθημαι ἐ. τινος sit on someth. (Job 2:8; ἐ. τοῦ ἅρματος GrBar 6:2; cp. JosAs 27:1 ἐ. τοῦ ὀχήματος καθεζόμενος; Just., D. 90, 5 ἐ. λίθου καθεζόμενος) Mt 24:3; 27:19; Ac 8:28; Rv 6:16; 9:17 (the same prep. used in Rv w. κάθημαι and dat. s. bα below, and w. acc. cα). ἑστηκέναι ἐ. τινος stand on someth. Ac 21:40; Rv 10:5, 8 (Just., D. 86, 2 ἐστηρίχθαι). With parts of the body: ἐ. χειρῶν αἴρειν carry on (i.e. in/with) their hands Mt 4:6; Lk 4:11 (both Ps 90:12). ἐ. κεφαλῆς on the head (Hdt. 5, 12, 4) J 20:7; 1 Cor 11:10; Rv 12:1. ἐ. τοῦ μετώπου Rv 7:3; 9:4. ἐ. γυμνοῦ on the naked body Mk 14:51. Cp. use of ἐπί w. καθίζω and gen., and ἐπί w. κάθημαι and acc. Mt 19:28.—In a gener. and fig. sense Ac 21:23.ⓑ w. dat., gener. suggesting contiguity on, in, above.α. answering the question ‘where?’ (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Just., D. 105, 5 ἐ. τῷ σταυρῷ; Tat., 9:1 ἐ. τοῖς ὄρεσι; Ath. 20, 1 ἐ. τῷ μετώπῳ; Mel., P. 19, 131 ἐ. σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ) ἐ. πίνακι on a platter Mt 14:8, 11; Mk 6:25, 28. ἀνακλῖναι ἐ. τῷ χλωρῷ χόρτῳ on the green grass 6:39. ἐ. τοῖς κραβάττοις vs. 55. ἐπέκειτο ἐπʼ αὐτῷ lay on it (or before it) J 11:38. καθήμενος ἐ. τῷ θρόνῳ Rv 4:9 (cp. gen. w. καθ. 1a above, and acc. cα below) 5:13; 7:10 and oft. ἐφʼ ἵπποις λευκοῖς on white horses 19:14. ἐ. σανίσιν on planks Ac 27:44. ἐ. τῇ στοᾷ in the colonnade 3:11. τὰ ἐ. τοῖς οὐρανοῖς what is above (or in) the heavens Eph 1:10. ἐπʼ αὐτῷ above him, at his head Lk 23:38 (=Mt 27:37 ἐπάνω τ. κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ).β. answering the question ‘whither?’ on, upon (Hom. et al.) w. verbs that indicate a direction: οἰκοδομεῖν ἐ. τινι build upon someth. Mt 16:18. ἐποικοδομεῖν Eph 2:20. ἐπιβάλλειν ἐπίβλημα ἐ. ἱματίῳ παλαιῷ put a patch on an old garment Mt 9:16. ἐπιπίπτειν ἐ. τινι Ac 8:16. ἐκάθισεν ἐ. τῷ θρόνῳ he sat down on the throne GJs 11:1. λίθον ἐπʼ αὐτῇ βαλέτω J 8:7 v.l. (cp. 12a below).ⓒ w. acc., answering the question ‘where?’ (Hom. et al.; LXX; JosAs 29:2 φορῶν ἐ. τὸν μηρὸν αὐτοῦ ῥομφαίαν; Just., D. 53, 1 ζυγὸν ἐ. αὐχένα μὴ ἔχων)α. on, over someth. καθεύδειν ἐ. τι sleep on someth. Mk 4:38. καθῆσθαι ἐ. τι sit on someth. Mt 19:28 (in the same vs. καθίζω w. gen., s. a above) J 12:15; Rv 4:4; 6:2; 11:16 al.; cp. Lk 21:35b; κεῖσθαι ἐ. τι lie upon someth. 2 Cor 3:15. κατακεῖσθαι Lk 5:25. ἑστηκέναι ἐ. τὸν αἰγιαλόν stand on the shore Mt 13:2; cp. Rv 14:1. ἑστῶτας ἐ. τὴν θάλασσαν standing beside the sea 15:2. ἔστη ἐ. τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ παιδίου (the star) remained stationary over the head of the child GJs 21:3. σκηνοῦν ἐ. τινα spread a tent over someone Rv 7:15. ἐ. τὴν δεξιάν at the right hand 5:1. λίθος ἐ. λίθον stone upon stone Mt 24:2.β. ἐ. τὸ αὐτό at the same place, together (Ps.-X., Respublica Athen. [The Old Oligarch] 2, 2; Pla., Rep. 329a; SIG 736, 66 [92 B.C.]. In pap=‘in all’: PTebt 14, 20 [114 B.C.]; PFay 102, 6.—2 Km 2:13; En 100:2) εἶναι ἐ. τὸ αὐτό be together Lk 17:35; Ac 1:15; 2:1, 44. In 1 Cor 7:5 it is a euphemistic expr. for sexual union. κατοικεῖν ἐ. τὸ αὐτό live in the same place (Dt 25:5) Hm 5, 1, 4. Also w. verbs of motion (Sus 14 Theod.) συνέρχεσθαι ἐ. τὸ αὐτό come together to the same place 1 Cor 11:20; 14:23; cp. B 4:10 (Just., A I, 67, 3 συνέλευσις γίνεται). συνάγεσθαι (Phlegon of Tralles [Hadr.]: 257 Fgm. 36 III 9 Jac.; PsSol 2:2; TestJob 28:5 Jos., Bell. 2, 346) Mt 22:34; Ac 4:26 (Ps 2:2); 1 Cl 34:7. ἐ. τὸ αὐτὸ μίγνυσθαι be mixed together Hm 10, 3, 3. προσετίθει ἐ. τὸ αὐτό added to their number Ac 2:47.γ. at, by, near someone or someth. καθῆσθαι ἐ. τὸ τελώνιον sit at the tax-office Mt 9:9 (ἐ. τὰς ὡραίας πύλας GrBar prol. 2); Mk 2:14. ἑστηκέναι ἐ. τὴν θύραν stand at the door Rv 3:20. σὺ ἔστης ἐ. τὸ θυσιαστήριον you are standing (ἕστηκας deStrycker) as priest at the altar GJs 8:2. ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς among you 2 Th 1:10; cp. Ac 1:21.—Of pers., over whom someth. is done ὀνομάζειν τὸ ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ ἐ. τινα speak the name of Jesus over someone Ac 19:13. ἐπικαλεῖν τὸ ὄνομά τινος ἐ. τινα=to claim someone for one’s own (Jer 14:9; 2 Ch 7:14; 2 Macc 8:15) Ac 15:17 (Am 9:12); Js 2:7; Hs 8, 6, 4. προσεύχεσθαι ἐ. τινα pray over someone Js 5:14.② marker of presence or occurrence near an object or area, at, nearⓐ w. gen., of immediate proximity to things at, near (Hdt. 7, 115; X., An. 4, 3, 28 al.; LXX, Just.) ἐ. τ. θυρῶν at the gates (Plut., C. Gracch. 841 [14, 3]; PRyl 127, 8f [29 A.D.] κοιμωμένου μου ἐ. τῆς θύρας; 1 Macc 1:55; Just., D. 111, 4) Ac 5:23 (s. b below for dat. in 5:9). ἐ. τῆς θαλάσσης near the sea (Polyb. 1, 44, 4; Ex 14:2; Dt 1:40; 1 Macc 14:34) J 21:1. ἐ. τῆς ὁδοῦ by the road Mt 21:19. ἐσθίειν ἐ. τῆς πραπέζης τινός eat at someone’s table Lk 22:30 (cp. POxy 99, 14 [55 A.D.] τράπεζα, ἐφʼ ἧς Σαραπίων καὶ μέτοχοι; Da 11:27 LXX ἐ. μιᾶς τραπέζης). ἐ. τοῦ (τῆς) βάτου at the thornbush = in the passage about the thornbush (i.e. Ex 3:1ff) Mk 12:26; Lk 20:37.ⓑ with dat., of immediate proximity at, near by (Hom.+) ἦν ἔτι ἐ. τῷ τόπῳ ὅπου was still at the place, where J 11:30 v.l. (for ἐν; cp. Just., D. 402). ἐ. τῇ θύρᾳ (ἐ. θύραις) at the door (Hom. et al.; Wsd 19:17; Jos., Ant. 17, 90; Just., D. 32, 3) Mt 24:33; Mk 13:29; Ac 5:9 (s. a above). ἐ. τοῖς πυλῶσιν Rv 21:12. ἐ. τῇ πηγῇ J 4:6 (Jos., Ant. 5, 58 ἐ. τινι πηγῇ; Just., A I, 64, 1 ἐ. ταῖς … πηγαῖς). ἐ. τῇ προβατικῇ (sc. πύλῃ) near the sheepgate 5:2; cp. Ac 3:10. ἐ. τῷ ποταμῷ near the river (since Il. 7, 133; Jos., Ant. 4, 176 ἐ. τ. Ἰορδάνῳ) Rv 9:14.—Of pers. (Diod S 14, 113, 6; Just., A I, 40, 7) ἐφʼ ὑμῖν among you 2 Cor 7:7; cp. Ac 28:14 v.l.③ marker of involvement in an official proceeding, before, w. gen., of pers., esp. in the language of lawsuits (Pla., Leg. 12, 943d; Isaeus 5, 1 al.; UPZ 71, 15; 16 [152 B.C.]; POxy 38, 11; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 382, 23=BGU 909, 23; Jos., Vi. 258; Just., A II, 1, 1 ἐ. Οὐρβίκου). ἐ. τοῦ ἡγεμόνος in the governor’s presence Mt 28:14. ἐ. ἡγεμόνων καὶ βασιλέων Mk 13:9. ἐ. σου before you (the procurator) Ac 23:30. ἐ. Τερτούλλου Phlm subscr. v.l.; στάντος μου ἐ. τοῦ συνεδρίου Ac 24:20 (cp. Diod S 11, 55, 4 ἐ. τοῦ κοινοῦ συνεδρίου τ. Ἑλλήνων). γυναικὸς … διαβληθείσης ἐ. τοῦ κυρίου Papias (2:17). κρίνεσθαι ἐ. τῶν ἀδίκων go to law before the unrighteous 1 Cor 6:1. κριθήσεται ἐφʼ ὑμῶν before your tribunal D 11:11. μαρτυρεῖν ἐ. Ποντίου Πιλάτου testify before Pontius Pilate 1 Ti 6:13 (s. μαρτυρέω 1c). ἐ. τοῦ βήματος (POxy 37 I, 3 [49 A.D.]) ἑστὼς ἐ. τοῦ βήματος Καίσαρός εἰμι I am standing before Caesar’s tribunal Ac 25:10 (Appian says Prooem. c. 15 §62 of himself: δίκαις ἐν Ῥώμῃ συναγορεύσας ἐ. τῶν βασιλέων=I acted as attorney in lawsuits in Rome before the emperors).—Gener. in someone’s presence (Appian, Syr. 61 §324 ἐφʼ ὑμῶν=in your presence) ἐ. Τίτου before Titus 2 Cor 7:14. Cp.10 below.④ marker of movement to or contact w. a goal, toward, in direction of, onⓐ w. gen., marking contact with the goal that is reached, answering the question ‘whither?’ toward, on, at w. verbs of motion (Appian, Iber. 98 §427 ἀπέπλευσεν ἐπʼ οἴκου=he sailed [toward] home; PGM 4, 2468f ἀναβὰς ἐ. δώματος; JosAs 27:1 ἀνέδραμε … ἐ. πέτρας; Jos., Ant. 4, 91 ἔφευγον ἐ. τ. πόλεων; Tat. 33:3 Εὐρώπην ἐ. τοῦ ταύρου καθιδρύσαντος) βάλλειν τὸν σπόρον ἐ. τῆς γῆς Mk 4:26; also σπείρειν vs. 31. πίπτειν (Wsd 18:23; TestAbr A 3 p. 80, 11 [Stone p. 8]; JosAs 9:1) 9:20; 14:35. καθιέναι Ac 10:11. τιθέναι (Sir 17:4) Lk 8:16; J 19:19; Ac 5:15. ἔρχεσθαι Hb 6:7; Rv 3:10; γίνεσθαι ἐ. reach, be at J 6:21. γενόμενος ἐ. τοῦ τόπου when he reached the place Lk 22:40. καθίζειν take one’s seat ἐ. θρόνου (JosAs 7:1 al.) Mt 19:28 (s. 1a end); 23:2; 25:31; J 19:13 (ἐ. βήματος of Pilate as Jos., Bell. 2, 172; of Jesus Just., A I, 35, 6). κρεμαννύναι ἐ. ξύλου hang on a tree (i.e. cross) (Gen 40:19; cp. Just., D. 86, 6 σταυρωθῆναι ἐ. τοῦ ξύλου) Ac 5:30; 10:39; cp. Gal 3:13 (Dt 21:23).ⓑ w. acc.α. specifying direction (En 24:2 ἐ. νότον ‘southward’ of position of the mountain) of motion that takes a particular direction, to, toward ἐκτείνας τ. χεῖρα ἐ. τοὺς μαθητάς Mt 12:49; cp. Lk 22:53 (JosAs 12:8). πορεύεσθαι ἐ. τὸ ἀπολωλός go after the one that is lost 15:4. ἐ. τὴν ῏Ασσον in the direction of Assos Ac 20:13. ἐπιστρέφειν ἐ. τι turn to someth. 2 Pt 2:22 (cp. Pr 26:11; En 99:5). ὡς ἐ. λῃστήν as if against a robber Mt 26:55; Mk 14:48; Lk 22:52.β. from one point to another across, over w. motion implied (Hom.+; LXX) περιπατεῖν, ἐλθεῖν ἐ. τ. θάλασσαν or ἐ. τ. ὕδατα Mt 14:25, 28f; J 6:19 P75. Of spreading across the land (PsSol 17:10): famine Ac 7:11; 11:28; darkness Mt 27:45; Lk 23:44. ἐ. σταδίους δώδεκα χιλιάδων across twelve thousand stades Rv 21:16 v.l. (Polyaenus 5, 44, 4 ἐ. στάδια δέκα); ἐ. πλεῖον further (1 Esdr 2:24; 2 Macc 10:27) Ac 4:17.γ. of goal attained (Hom. et al.; LXX) on, upon someone or someth. πέσατε ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς Lk 23:30 (Hos 10:8). ἔπεσεν ἐ. τὰ πετρώδη Mt 13:5; cp. Lk 13:4. ἔρχεσθαι ἐ. τινα come upon someone Mt 3:16; also καταβαίνειν fr. above J 1:33; cp. Rv 16:21. ἀναβαίνειν (Jos., Ant. 13, 138; Just., A II, 12, 7) Lk 5:19. ἐπιβαίνειν Mt 21:5 (Zech 9:9).—Ac 2:3; 9:4 al.; διασωθῆναι ἐ. τ. γῆν be brought safely to the land 27:44; cp. vs. 43; Lk 8:27. ἐ. τὸ πλοῖον to the ship Ac 20:13. ἀναπεσεῖν ἐ. τὴν γῆν lie down or sit down on the ground Mt 15:35. ἔρριψεν αὐτὸν χαμαὶ ἐ. τὸν σάκκον he threw himself down on the sackcloth GJs 13:1. τιθέναι τι ἐ. τι put someth. on someth. (JosAs 16:11) Mt 5:15; Lk 11:33; Mk 8:25 v.l.; likew. ἐπιτιθέναι (JosAs 29:5) Mt 23:4; Mk 8:25; Lk 15:5; J 9:6, 15; Ac 15:10. ἐπιβάλλειν τ. χεῖρας ἐ. τινα (Gen 22:12 al.) Mt 26:50; Lk 21:12; Ac 5:18. Mainly after verbs of placing, laying, putting, bringing, etc. on, to: ἀναβιβάζω, ἀναφέρω, βάλλω, γράφω, δίδωμι, ἐγγίζω, ἐπιβιβάζω, ἐπιγράφω, ἐποικοδομέω, ἐπιρ(ρ)ίπτω, θεμελιόω, ἵστημι, κατάγω, οἰκοδομέω, σωρεύω; s. these entries. Sim. βρέχειν ἐ. τινα cause rain to fall upon someone Mt 5:45 (cp. PsSol 17:18); also τ. ἥλιον ἀνατέλλειν ἐ. τινα cause the sun to rise so that its rays fall upon someone *ibid. τύπτειν τινὰ ἐ. τὴν σιαγόνα strike on the cheek Lk 6:29. πίπτειν ἐ. (τὸ) πρόσωπον (Jdth 14:6) on the face Mt 17:6; 26:39; Lk 5:12; 17:16; 1 Cor 14:25; Rv 7:11.—To, upon w. acc. of thing πορεύεσθαι ἐ. τὴν ὁδόν go to the road Ac 8:26; cp. 9:11. ἐ. τὰς διεξόδους Mt 22:9. ἵνα μὴ πνέῃ ἄνεμος ἐ. πᾶν δένδρον so that no wind should blow upon any tree Rv 7:1.δ. of closeness to someth. or someone to, up to, in the neighborhood of, on ἐ. τὸ μνημεῖον up to the tomb Mk 16:2; Lk 24:1 v.l., 22, 24; cp. ἐ. τὸ μνῆμα Mk 16:2 v.l.; Lk 24:1. ἔρχεσθαι ἐ. τι ὕδωρ come to some water Ac 8:36. ἐ. τὴν πύλην τὴν σιδηρᾶν to the iron gate 12:10. καταβαίνειν ἐ. τὴν θάλασσαν go down to the sea J 6:16. ἐ. τὸν Ἰορδάνην Mt 3:13 (Just., D. 88, 3 al.). ἀναπίπτειν ἐ. τὸ στῆθος he leaned back on (Jesus’) breast J 13:25; 21:20. πίπτειν ἐ. τοὺς πόδας fall at (someone’s) feet Ac 10:25 (JosAs 14:10 ἔπεσεν ἐ πρόσωπον ἐ. τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ). ἐ. τ. ἀκάνθας among the thorns Mt 13:7.—W. acc. of pers. to someone ἐ. τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐλθόντες they came to Jesus J 19:33; cp. Mt 27:27; Mk 5:21.ε. in imagery of goal or objective to, toward (Just., A II, 7, 6 ἐπʼ ἀμφότερα τρέπεσθαι) ἐπιστρέφειν, ἐπιστρέφεσθαι ἐ. τινα turn to (Dt 30:10; 31:20 al.; Ar. 2, 1 ἔλθωμεν καὶ ἐ. τὸ ἀνθρώπινον γένος ‘let us now turn to …’; Just., D. 56, 11 ἐ. τὰς γραφὰς ἐπανελθών) Lk 1:17; Ac 9:35; 11:21; 14:15; 26:20; Gal 4:9; 1 Pt 2:25.⑤ marker of manner, corresponding to an adv., w. dat. (Aeschyl., Suppl. 628 ἐπʼ ἀληθείᾳ; UPZ 162 VI, 3 [117 B.C.] κακοτρόπως καὶ ἐ. ῥαδιουργίᾳ; POxy 237 VI, 21 ἐ. τῇ τῶν ἀνθρ. σωτηρίᾳ; ἐφʼ ὁράσει En 14:8; Just., A I, 9, 3 ἐφʼ ὕβρει; 55, 7 ἐ. τούτῳ τῷ σχήματι ‘in this form’; Tat. 17, 1 ἐπʼ ἀκριβείᾳ; Ath. 33, 2 ἐφʼ ἑνὶ γάμῳ) ὁ σπείρων ἐπʼ εὐλογίαις (in contrast to ὁ σπείρων φειδομένως one who sows sparingly) one who sows in blessing (i.e. generously) 2 Cor 9:6. ἐπʼ εὐλογίαις θερίζειν reap generously ibid.⑥ marker of basis for a state of being, action, or result, on, w. dat. (Hom. et al.)ⓐ ἐπʼ ἄρτῳ ζῆν live on bread Mt 4:4; Lk 4:4 (both Dt 8:3. cp. Ps.-Pla., Alcib. 1, 105c; Plut., Mor. 526d; Alciphron 3, 7, 5; SibOr 4, 154). ἐ. τῷ ῥήματί σου depending on your word Lk 5:5. οὐ συνῆκαν ἐ. τοῖς ἄρτοις they did not arrive at an understanding (of it) (by reflecting) on (the miracle of) the loaves Mk 6:52 (cp. Demosth. 18, 121 τί σαυτὸν οὐκ ἐλλεβορίζεις ἐ. τούτοις [sc. λόγοις];=why do you not come to an understanding concerning these words?). ἐ. τῇ πίστει on the basis of faith Ac 3:16; Phil 3:9. ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι on the basis of hope, supporting itself on hope Ac 2:26 (? s. ἐλπίς 1bα); Ro 4:18; 8:20; 1 Cor 9:10; Tit 1:2.—Ac 26:6 ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι gives the basis of the trial at law, as does ἐ. εὐεργεσίᾳ 4:9. ἀπολύειν τ. γυναῖκα ἐ. πορνείᾳ Mt 19:9 (cp. Dio Chrys. 26 [43], 10 ἀπολύειν ἐπʼ ἀργυρίῳ; Ath. 2, 3 κρίνεσθαι … μὴ ἐ. τῷ ὀνόματι, ἐ. δὲ τῷ ἀδικήματι). γυναικὸς ἐ. πόλλαις ἁμαρτίαις διαβληθείσης Papias (2:17). On the basis of the testimony of two witnesses (cp. Appian, Iber. 79 §343 ἤλεγχον ἐ. μάρτυσι) Hb 10:28 (Dt 17:6); sim. use of ἐ. τινί on the basis of someth.: 8:6; 9:10, 15 (here it may also be taken in the temporal sense; s. 18 below), 17. ἁμαρτάνειν ἐ. τῷ ὁμοιώματι τ. παραβάσεως Ἀδάμ Ro 5:14 (ὁμοίωμα 1). δαπανᾶν ἐ. τινι pay the expenses for someone Ac 21:24. ἀρκεῖσθαι ἐ. τινι be content w. someth. 3J 10.ⓑ w. verbs of believing, hoping, trusting: πεποιθέναι (Wsd 3:9; Sus 35; 1 Macc 10:71; 2 Macc 7:40 and oft.) Lk 11:22; 18:9; 2 Cor 1:9; Hb 2:13 (2 Km 22:3). πιστεύειν Lk 24:25; Ro 9:33; 10:11; 1 Pt 2:6 (the last three Is 28:16). ἐλπίζειν (2 Macc 2:18; Sir 34:7) Ro 15:12 (Is 11:10); 1 Ti 4:10; 6:17; cp. 1J 3:3. παρρησιάζεσθαι Ac 14:3.ⓒ after verbs which express feelings, opinions, etc.: at, because of, from, with (Hom. et al.) διαταράσσεσθαι Lk 1:29. ἐκθαυμάζειν Mk 12:17. ἐκπλήσσεσθαι Mt 7:28; Mk 1:22; Lk 4:32; Ac 13:12. ἐξίστασθαι (Jdth 11:16; Wsd 5:2 al.) Lk 2:47. ἐπαισχύνεσθαι (Is 1:29) Ro 6:21. εὐφραίνεσθαι (Sir 16:1; 18:32; 1 Macc 11:44) Rv 18:20. θαμβεῖσθαι Mk 10:24; cp. Lk 5:9; Ac 3:10. θαυμάζειν (Lev 26:32; Jdth 10:7 al.; Jos., Ant. 10, 277) Mk 12:17 v.l. μακροθυμεῖν (Sir 18:11; 29:8; 35:19) Mt 18:26, 29; Lk 18:7; Js 5:7. μετανοεῖν (Plut., Ag. 803 [19, 5]; Ps.-Lucian, Salt. 84; Prayer of Manasseh [=Odes 12] 7; Just., A I, 61, 10; D. 95, 3 al.) 2 Cor 12:21. ὀδυνᾶσθαι (cp. Tob 6:15) Ac 20:38. ὀργίζεσθαι Rv 12:17. σπλαγχνίζεσθαι Mt 14:14; Lk 7:13. συλλυπεῖσθαι Mk 3:5. στυγνάζειν 10:22. χαίρειν (PEleph 13, 3; Jos., Ant. 1, 294; Tob 13:15; Bar 4:33; JosAs 4:2; Ar. 15, 7) Mt 18:13; Lk 1:14; 13:17; Ro 16:19 al. χαρὰν καὶ παράκλησιν ἔχειν Phlm 7. χαρὰ ἔσται Lk 15:7; cp. vs. 10 (Jos., Ant. 6, 116 ἡ ἐ. τῇ νίκῃ χαρά). Also w. verbs that denote aroused feelings παραζηλοῦν and παροργίζειν make jealous and angry at Ro 10:19 (Dt 32:21). παρακαλεῖν 1 Th 3:7a (cp. Just., D. 78:8 παράκλησιν ἐχουσῶν ἐ.), as well as those verbs that denote an expression of the emotions ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι (cp. Tob 13:15; Ps 69:5) Lk 1:47; Hs 8, 1, 18; 9, 24, 2. καυχᾶσθαι (Diod S 16, 70; Sir 30:2) Ro 5:2. κοπετὸν ποιεῖν (cp. 3 Macc 4:3) Ac 8:2. ὀλολύζειν Js 5:1. αἰνεῖν (cp. X., An. 3, 1, 45 al.) Lk 2:20. δοξάζειν (Polyb. 6, 53, 10; cp. Diod S 17, 21, 4 δόξα ἐ. ἀνδρείᾳ=fame because of bravery) Ac 4:21; 2 Cor 9:13. εὐχαριστεῖν give thanks for someth. (s. εὐχαριστέω 2; UPZ 59, 10 [168 B.C.] ἐ. τῷ ἐρρῶσθαί σε τ. θεοῖς εὐχαρίστουν) 1 Cor 1:4; cp. 2 Cor 9:15; 1 Th 3:9.—ἐφʼ ᾧ = ἐπὶ τούτῳ ὅτι for this reason that, because (Diod S 19, 98; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 112 §520; Ael. Aristid. 53 p. 640 D.; Synes., Ep. 73 p. 221c; Damasc., Vi. Isid. 154; Syntipas p. 12, 9; 127, 8; Thomas Mag. ἐφʼ ᾧ ἀντὶ τοῦ διότι; cp. W-S. §24, 5b and 12f. S. WKümmel, D. Bild des Menschen im NT ’48, 36–40) Ro 5:12 (SLyonnet, Biblica 36, ’55, 436–56 [denies a causal sense here]. On the probability of commercial idiom s. FDanker, FGingrich Festschr. ’72, 104f, also Ro 5:12, Sin under Law: NTS 14, ’68, 424–39; against him SPorter, TynBull 41, ’90, 3–30, also NTS 39, ’93, 321–33; difft. JFitzmyer, Anchor Bible Comm.: Romans, ad loc. ‘w. the result that all have sinned’); 2 Cor 5:4; Phil 3:12; for, indeed 4:10.⑦ marker of addition to what is already in existence, to, in addition to. W. dat. (Hom. et al.; PEleph 5, 17 [284/283 B.C.] μηνὸς Τῦβι τρίτῃ ἐπʼ εἰκάδι; Tob 2:14; Sir 3:27; 5:5) προσέθηκεν τοῦτο ἐ. πᾶσιν he added this to everything else Lk 3:20 (cp. Lucian, Luct. [On Funerals], 24). ἐ. τ. παρακλήσει ἡμῶν in addition to our comfort 2 Cor 7:13. λύπη ἐ. λύπῃ grief upon grief Phil 2:27 v.l. (cp. Soph., Oed. C. 544, also Polyb. 1, 57, 1 πληγὴ ἐ. πληγῇ; Plut., Mor. 123f; Polyaenus 5, 52 ἐ. φόνῳ φόνον; Quint. Smyrn. 5, 602 ἐ. πένθει πένθος=sorrow upon sorrow; Sir 26:15). ἐ. τῇ σῇ εὐχαριστίᾳ to your prayer of thanks 1 Cor 14:16. So perh. also Hb 8:1. ἐ. πᾶσι τούτοις to all these Col 3:14; Lk 16:26 v.l. (X., Mem. 1, 2, 25 al.; Sir 37:15; cp. 1 Macc 10:42; Just., D. 133, 1 ἐ. τούτοις πᾶσι).—W. acc.: addition to someth. of the same kind Mt 6:27; Lk 12:25; Rv 22:18a. λύπην ἐ. λύπην sorrow upon sorrow Phil 2:27 (cp. Is 28:10, 13; Ezk 7:26; Ps 68:28).⑧ marker of perspective, in consideration of, in regard to, on the basis of, concerning, about, w. gen. (Antig. Car. 164 ἐ. τῶν οἴνων ἀλλοιοῦσθαι; 4 Macc. 2:9 ἐ. τῶν ἑτέρων … ἔστιν ἐπιγνῶναι τοῦτο, ὅτι …; Ath. 29, 2 τὰ ἐ. τῆς μανίας πάθη) ἐ. δύο ἢ τριῶν μαρτύρων on the evidence of two or three witnesses 1 Ti 5:19 (cp. TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 22ff. [Stone p. 32]). Sim. in the expr. ἐ. στόματος δύο μαρτύρων (Dt 19:15) Mt 18:16; 2 Cor 13:1. ἐπʼ αὐτῆς on the basis of it Hb 7:11. ἐπʼ ἀληθείας based on truth = in accordance w. truth, truly (Demosth. 18, 17 ἐπʼ ἀληθείας οὐδεμιᾶς εἰρημένα; POxy 255, 16 [48 A.D.]; Da 2:8; Tob 8:7; En 104:11) Mk 12:14, 32; Lk 4:25; 20:21; Ac 4:27. ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῦ based on himself = to or by himself (X., An. 2, 4, 10; Demosth. 18, 224 ἐκρίνετο ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῦ; Dionys. Hal., Comp. Verb. 16 ἐ. σεαυτοῦ. Cp. Kühner-G. I 498e) 2 Cor 10:7.—To introduce the object which is to be discussed or acted upon λέγειν ἐ. τινος speak of, about someth. (Pla., Charm., 155d, Leg. 2, 662d; Isocr. 6, 41; Aelian, VH 1, 30; Jer 35:8; EpArist 162; 170; Ath. 5:1 ἐ. τοῦ νοητοῦ … δογματίζειν) Gal 3:16. Do someth. on, in the case of (cp. 1 Esdr 1:22) σημεῖα ποιεῖν ἐ. τῶν ἀσθενούντων work miracles on the sick J 6:2.—On B 13:6 s. τίθημι 1bζ.—In ref. to someth. (Aristot., Pol. 1280a, 17; 4 Macc 12:5 τῶν ἐ. τῆς βασιλείας … πραγμάτων; Just., A I, 5, 1 ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ‘in our case’, D. 131, 4; Ath. 15, 3 ἐ. τῆς ὕλης καὶ τοῦ θεοῦ ‘as respects God and matter, so …’) ἐ. τινων δεῖ ἐγκρατεύεσθαι in certain matters one must practice self-control Hm 8:1. οὔτε … οἴδασι τὸν ἐ. τοῦ πυροῦ σπόρον nor do they comprehend (the figurative sense of) the sowing of wheat AcPlCor 2:26 (cp. 1 Cor 15:36f).⑨ marker of power, authority, control of or over someone or someth., overⓐ w. gen. (Hdt. 5, 109 al.; Mitt-Wilck. I/1, 124, 1=BGU 1120, 1 [5 B.C.] πρωτάρχῳ ἐ. τοῦ κριτηρίου; 287, 1; LXX; AscIs 2:5 τοῦ ἐ. τῶν πραγματε[ι] ῶν=Denis p. 109) βασιλεύειν ἐ. τινος (Judg 9:8, 10; 1 Km 8:7) Rv 5:10. ἔχειν βασιλείαν ἐ. τῶν βασιλέων 17:18. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐ. τινος have power over someone 20:6. διδόναι ἐξουσίαν ἐ. τινος 2:26. καθιστάναι τινὰ ἐ. τινος set someone over, put someone in charge, of someth. or someone (Pla., Rep. 5, 460b; Demosth. 18, 118; Gen 39:4f; 1 Macc 6:14; 10:37; 2 Macc 12:20 al.; EpArist 281; τεταγμένος En 20:5) Mt 24:45; Lk 12:42; Ac 6:3. εἶναι ἐ. τινος (Synes., Ep. 79 p. 224d; Tob 1:22; Jdth 14:13; 1 Macc 10:69) ὸ̔ς ἦν ἐ. πάσης τῆς γάζης αὐτῆς who was in charge of all her treasure 8:27. Of God ὁ ὢν ἐ. πάντων (Apollonius of Tyana [I A.D.] in Eus., PE 4, 13) Ro 9:5; cp. Eph 4:6. ὁ ἐ. τινος w. ὤν to be supplied (Demosth. 18, 247 al.; Diod S 13, 47, 6; Plut., Pyrrh. 385 [5, 7], Aemil. Paul. 267 [23, 6]; PTebt 5, 88 [118 B.C.] ὁ ἐ. τ. προσόδων; 1 Macc 6:28; 2 Macc 3:7; 3 Macc 6:30 al.; EpArist 110; 174) ὁ ἐ. τοῦ κοιτῶνος the chamberlain Ac 12:20.ⓑ w dat. (X., Cyr. 1, 2, 5; 2, 4, 25 al., An. 4, 1, 13; Demosth. 19, 113; Aeschines 2, 73; Esth 8:12e; Just., A II, 5, 2 ἀγγέλοις οὓς ἐ. τούτοις ἔταξε; cp. Ath. 24, 3; Ath. 6, 4 τὸν ἐ. τῇ κινήσει τοῦ σώματος λόγον) Mt 24:47; Lk 12:44.ⓒ w. acc. (X., Hell. 3, 4, 20 al.; Dionys. Byz. §56 θεῷ ἐ. πάντα δύναμις; LXX; PsSol 17:3, 32) βασιλεύειν ἐ. τινα rule over someone (Gen 37:8; Judg 9:15 B al.) Lk 1:33; 19:14, 27; Ro 5:14. καθιστάναι τινὰ ἐ. τινα set someone over someone (X., Cyr. 4, 5, 58) κριτὴν ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς as judge over you Lk 12:14; ἡγούμενον ἐπʼ Αἴγυπτον Ac 7:10; cp. Hb 2:7 v.l. (Ps 8:7); 3:6; 10:21. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐ. τι Rv 16:9. ἐξουσίαν διδόναι ἐ. τι (Sir 33:20) Lk 9:1; 10:19; Rv 6:8; cp. 22:14. φυλάσσειν φυλακὰς ἐ. τι Lk 2:8 (cp. En 100:5). ὑπεραίρεσθαι ἐ. τινα exalt oneself above someone 2 Th 2:4 (cp. Da 11:36); but here the mng. against is also poss. (s. 12b below). πιστὸς ἐ. τι faithful over someth. Mt 25:21, 23.⑩ marker of legal proceeding, before, w. acc. in the lang. of the law-courts ἐ. ἡγεμόνας καὶ βασιλεῖς ἄγεσθαι be brought before governors and kings Mt 10:18; cp. Lk 21:12 (cp. BGU 22, 36 [114 A.D.] ἀξιῶ ἀκθῆναι [=ἀχθῆναι] τ. ἐνκαλουμένους ἐ. σὲ πρὸς δέουσαν ἐπέξοδον; Just., A II, 2, 12 ἐ. Οὔρβικον). ὑπάγεις ἐπʼ ἄρχοντα you are going before the magistrate Lk 12:58; cp. Ac 16:19. ἤγαγον αὐτὸν ἐ. τὸν Πιλᾶτον Lk 23:1. ἐ. τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς Ac 9:21. ἐ. Καίσαρα πορεύεσθαι come before the emperor 25:12. ἐ. τὰς συναγωγάς Lk 12:11. ἐ. τὸ βῆμα Ac 18:12. Cp. 3 above. Here the focus is on transfer to the judiciary.⑪ marker of purpose, goal, result, to, for, w. acc. (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 2, 3 Jac. ἐ. κατοικίαν) ἐ. τὸ βάπτισμα for baptism=to have themselves baptized Mt 3:7 (cp. Just., A I, 61, 10 ἐ. τὸ λουτρόν; D. 56, 1 ἐ. τὴν … κρίσιν πεμφθεῖσι). ἐ. τὴν θεωρίαν ταύτην for (i.e. to see) this sight Lk 23:48 (sim. Hom. et al.; POxy 294, 18 [22 A.D.]; LXX; Tat. 23, 2 ἐ. τὴν θέαν). ἐ. τὸ συμφέρον to (our) advantage Hb 12:10 (cp. Tat. 6, 1; 34, 2 οὐκ ἐ. τι χρήσιμον ‘to no purpose’). ἐ. σφαγήν Ac 8:32 (Is 53:7); cp. Mt 22:5; ἐ. τ. τελειότητα Hb 6:1. ἐ. τοῦτο for this (X., An. 2, 5, 22; Jos., Ant. 12, 23) Lk 4:43. ἐφʼ ὅ; for what (reason)? Mt 26:50 v.l. (s. ὅς 1bα and 1iβ). Cp. 16.⑫ marker of hostile opposition, againstⓐ w. dat. (Hom. et al.; 2 Macc 13:19; Sir 28:23 v.l.; fig. Ath. 22, 7 τοὺς ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς λόγους ‘counter-evidence’) Lk 12:52f (s. use of acc. b below); Ac 11:19. Cp. J 8:7 v.l. (1bβ above).ⓑ w. acc. (Hdt. 1, 71; X., Hell. 3, 4, 20 al.; Jos., Ant. 13, 331; LXX; En; TestJud 3:1 al.; JosAs 19:2; Just., D. 103, 7; Tat. 36, 2) ὥρμησαν ἐ. αὐτόν Ac 7:57. ἔρχεσθαι Lk 14:31. ἐπαναστήσονται τέκνα ἐ. γονεῖς Mt 10:21; Mk 13:12; cp. ἔθνος ἐ. ἔθνος Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8. ἐφʼ ἑαυτόν divided against himself Mt 12:26; Mk 3:24f, 26; Lk 11:17f; cp. J 13:18 (s. Ps 40:10); Ac 4:27; 13:50 al.—Lk 12:53 (4 times; the first and third occurrences w. the acc. are prob. influenced by usage in Mic 7:6; the use of the dat. Lk 12:52f [s. a above] w. a verb expressing a circumstance is in accord with older Gk. [Il. et al.], which prefers the acc. with verbs of motion in ref. to hostility). Cp. 15.⑬ marker of number or measure, w. acc. (Hdt. et. al.; LXX; GrBar 3:6) ἐ. τρίς (CIG 1122, 9; PHolm α18) three times Ac 10:16; 11:10. So also ἐ. πολύ more than once Hm 4, 1, 8. ἐ. πολύ (also written ἐπιπολύ) in a different sense to a great extent, carefully (Hdt., Thu. et al.; Lucian, D. Deor. 6, 2; 25, 2; 3 Macc 5:17; Jos., Ant. 17, 107) B 4:1. ἐ. πλεῖον to a greater extent, further (Hdt., Thu. et al.; Diod S 11, 60, 5 al.; prob. 2 Macc 12:36; TestGad 7:2; Ar. 4, 3; Ath. 7, 1 ἐ. το πλεῖστον) 2 Ti 3:9; 1 Cl 18:3 (Ps 50:4). ἐ. τὸ χεῖρον 2 Ti 3:13. ἐφʼ ὅσον to the degree that, in so far as (Diod S 1, 93, 2; Maximus Tyr. 11, 3c ἐφʼ ὅσον δύναται; Hierocles 14 p. 451) Mt 25:40, 45; B 4:11; 17:1; Ro 11:13.⑭ marker indicating the one to whom, for whom, or about whom someth. is done, to, on, aboutⓐ w. dat. πράσσειν τι ἐ. τινι do someth. to someone Ac 5:35 (thus Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 15 §51; cp. δρᾶν τι ἐ. τινι Hdt. 3, 14; Aelian, NA 11, 11); about γεγραμμένα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ J 12:16 (cp. Hdt. 1, 66). προφητεύειν ἐ. τινι Rv 10:11. μαρτυρεῖν bear witness about Hb 11:4; Rv 22:16. ἐ. σοὶ … φανερώσει κύριος τὸ λύτρον the Lord will reveal the salvation to you GJs 7:2.ⓑ w. acc.α. ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν γεγόνει τὸ σημεῖον the man on whom the miracle had been performed Ac 4:22 (cp. Just., D. 128, 1 κρίσεως γεγενημένης ἐ. Σόδομα). ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν λέγεται ταῦτα the one about whom this was said Hb 7:13 (cp. ἐ. πόρρω οὖσαν [γενεὰν] ἐγὼ λαλῶ En 1:2). γέγραπται ἐπʼ αὐτόν Mk 9:12f; cp. Ro 4:9; 1 Ti 1:18; βάλλειν κλῆρον ἐ. τι for someth. Mk 15:24; J 19:24 (Ps 21:19). ἀνέβη ὁ κλῆρος ἐ. Συμεών the lot came up in favor of Simeon GJs 24:4.β. of powers, conditions, etc., which come upon someone or under whose influence someone is: on, upon, to, over ἐγένετο ῥῆμα θεοῦ ἐ. Ἰωάννην the word of God came to John Lk 3:2 (cp. Jer 1:1). Of divine blessings (cp. En 1:8; ParJer 5:28) Mt 10:13; 12:28; Lk 10:6; 11:20; cp. 10:9; Ac 10:10. ἵνα ἐπισκηνώσῃ ἐπʼ ἐμὲ ἡ δύναμις τ. Χριστοῦ that the power of Christ may rest upon me 2 Cor 12:9. χάρις θεοῦ ἦν ἐπʼ αὐτό Lk 2:40. Various verbs are used in ref. to the Holy Spirit, either in pass. or act. role, in connection w. ἐ. τινα: ἐκχεῖν Ac 2:17f (Jo 3:1f); cp. 10:45; Tit 3:6. ἀποστέλλειν (ἐξαποστέλλειν v.l.) Lk 24:49. ἐπέρχεσθαι 1:35; Ac 1:8 (Just., D. 87, 3; cp. ἔρχεσθαι A I, 33, 6; D. 49, 7 ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἠλίου ἐ. τὸν Ἰωάννην ἐλθεῖν). ἐπιπίπτειν 10:44. καταβαίνειν Lk 3:22; J 1:33. τίθεσθαι Mt 12:18 (cp. Is 42:1). Also εἶναι Lk 2:25. μένειν J 1:32f. ἀναπαύεσθαι 1 Pt 4:14. Of unpleasant or startling experiences Lk 1:12, 65; 4:36; Ac 13:11; 19:17; Rv 11:11.—Lk 19:43; 21:35, cp. vs. 34; J 18:4; Eph 5:6; cp. Rv 3:3.—Ro 2:2, 9; 15:3 (Ps 68:10). Of the blood of the righteous, that comes over or upon the murderers Mt 23:35; 27:25; Ac 5:28. Of care, which one casts on someone else 1 Pt 5:7 (Ps 54:23).⑮ marker of feelings directed toward someone, in, on, for, toward, w. acc., after words that express belief, trust, hope: πιστεύειν ἐ. τινα, w. acc. (Wsd 12:2; Just., D. 16:4 al.) Ac 9:42; 11:17; 16:31; 22:19; Ro 4:24. πίστις Hb 6:1. πεποιθέναι (Is 58:14) Mt 27:43; 2 Th 3:4; 2 Cor 2:3. ἐλπίζειν (1 Ch 5:20; 2 Ch 13:18 al.; PsSol 9:10; 17:3; Just., D. 16:4 al.) 1 Pt 1:13; 1 Ti 5:5. After words that characterize an emotion or its expression: for κόπτεσθαι (Zech 12:10) Rv 1:7; 18:9. κλαίειν Lk 23:28; Rv 18:9 (cp. JosAs 15:9 χαρήσεται ἐ. σέ). σπλαγχνίζεσθαι Mt 15:32; Mk 8:2; 9:22; Hm 4, 3, 5; Hs 9, 24, 2. χρηστός toward Lk 6:35. χρηστότης Ro 11:22; Eph 2:7; cp. Ro 9:23. Esp. also if the feelings or their expressions are of a hostile nature: toward, against (cp. λοιδορεῖν Just., D. 137, 2) ἀποτομία Ro 11:22. μαρτύριον Lk 9:5. μάρτυς ἐ. τ. ἐμὴν ψυχήν a witness against my soul (cp. Dssm., LO 258; 355 [LAE 304; 417]) 2 Cor 1:23. ἀσχημονεῖν 1 Cor 7:36. μοιχᾶσθαι Mk 10:11. τολμᾶν 2 Cor 10:2 (En 7:4). βρύχειν τ. ὀδόντας Ac 7:54. Cp. 12.⑯ marker of object or purpose, with dat. in ref. to someth. (Hom., Thu. et al.; SIG 888, 5 ἐ. τῇ τῶν ἀνθρ. σωτηρίᾳ; PTebt 44, 6 [114 B.C.] ὄντος μου ἐ. θεραπείᾳ ἐν τῷ Ἰσιείω; LXX; TestJob 3:5 ὁ ἐ. τῇ σωτηρίᾳ τῆς ἐμῆς ψυχῆς ἐλθών; Jos., Ant. 5, 101; Just., A I, 29, 1 ἐ. παίδων ἀναστροφῇ; D. 91, 4 ἐ. σωτηρίᾳ τῶν πιστευόντων) καλείν τινα ἐ. τινι call someone for someth. Gal 5:13 (on ἐπʼ ἐλευθερίᾳ cp. Demosth. 23, 124; [59], 32); ἐ. ἀκαθαρσίᾳ for impurity, i.e. so that we should be impure 1 Th 4:7. κτισθέντες ἐ. ἔργοις ἀγαθοῖς for good deeds Eph 2:10. λογομαχεῖν ἐ. καταστροφῇ τῶν ἀκουόντων for the ruin of those who hear 2 Ti 2:14 (cp. Eur., Hipp. 511; X., Mem. 2, 3, 19 ἐ. βλάβη; Hdt. 1, 68 ἐ. κακῷ ἀνθρώπου; Polyb. 27, 7, 13 and PGM 4, 2440 ἐπʼ ἀγαθῷ=‘for good’). Cp. 11.⑰ marker in idiom of authorization, w. dat.: the formula ἐ. τῷ ὀνοματί τινος, in the name of someone, used w. many verbs (Just., D. 39, 6 w. γίνεσθαι, otherw. ἐ. ὀνόματος, e.g. A I, 61, 13; w. διὰ τοῦ ὀ. and in oaths κατὰ τοῦ ὀ. A II, 6, 6, D. 30, 3; 85, 2.—Ath. 23, 1 ἐ. ὀνόματι εἰδώλων.—ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι LXX; JosAs 9:1), focuses on the authorizing function of the one named in the gen. (cp. WHeitmüller [‘Im Namen Jesu’ 1903, 13ff], ‘in connection with, or by the use of, i.e. naming, or calling out, or calling upon the name’ [88]): βαπτίζειν Ac 2:38. δέχεσθαί τινα Mt 18:5; Mk 9:37; Lk 9:48. διδάσκειν Ac 4:18; 5:28. δύναμιν ποιεῖν Mk 9:39. ἐκβάλλειν δαιμόνια Lk 9:49 v.l. ἔρχεσθαι Mt 24:5; Mk 13:6; Lk 21:8. κηρύσσειν 24:47. λαλεῖν Ac 4:17; 5:40. Semantically divergent from the preceding, but formulaically analogous, is καλεῖν τινα ἐ. τῷ ὀν. τινος name someone after someone (2 Esdr 17:63) Lk 1:59.—ὄνομα 1dγג.—M-M.⑱ marker of temporal associations, in the time of, at, on, forⓐ w. gen., time within which an event or condition takes place (Hom.+) in the time of, under (kings or other rulers): in the time of Elisha Lk 4:27 (cp. Just., D. 46, 6 ἐ. Ἠλίου). ἐ. τῆς μετοικεσίας at the time of the exile Mt 1:11. Under=during the rule or administration of (Hes., Op. 111; Hdt. 6, 98 al.; OGI 90, 15; PAmh 43, 2 [173 B.C.]; UPZ 162 V, 5 [117 B.C.]; 1 Esdr 2:12; 1 Macc 13:42; 2 Macc 15:22; Jos., Ant. 12, 156 ἐ. ἀρχιερέως Ὀ.) ἐ. Ἀβιαθὰρ ἀρχιερέως under, in the time of, Abiathar the high priest Mk 2:26. ἐ. ἀρχιερέως Ἅννα καὶ Καιάφα Lk 3:2. ἐ. Κλαυδίου Ac 11:28 (Just., A I, 26, 2). ἐ. τῶν πατέρων in the time of the fathers 1 Cl 23:3. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν in the last days (Gen 49:1; Num 24:14; Mi 4:1; Jer 37:24; Da 10:14) 2 Pt 3:3; Hs 9, 12, 3; cp. Hb 1:2. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τοῦ χρόνου in the last time Jd 18. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτου τῶν χρόνων at the end of the times/ages 1 Pt 1:20. ἐ. τῶν προσευχῶν μου when I pray, in my prayers (cp. PTebt 58, 31 [111 B.C.] ἐ. τ. διαλόγου, ‘in the discussion’; 4 Macc 15:19 ἐ. τ. βασάνων ‘during the tortures’; Sir 37:29; 3 Macc 5:40; Demetr.: 722, Fgm. 1, 14 Jac. ἐ. τοῦ ἀρίστου; Synes., Ep. 121 p. 258c ἐ. τῶν κοινῶν ἱερῶν) Ro 1:10; Eph 1:16; 1 Th 1:2; Phlm 4.ⓑ w. dat., time at or during which (Hom. et al.; PTebt 5, 66 [118 B.C.]; PAmh 157; LXX; Just., A I, 13, 3 ἐ. χρόνοις Τίερίου) at, in, at the time of, during: ἐ. τοῖς νῦν χρόνοις in these present times 2 Cl 19:4. ἐ. τῇ πρώτῃ διαθήκῃ at the time of the first covenant Hb 9:15. ἐ. συντελείᾳ τ. αἰώνων at the close of the age 9:26 (Tat. 13, 1 ἐ. ς. τοῦ κόσμου; cp. Sir 22:10 and PLond III, 954, 18 p. 154 [260 A.D.] ἐ. τέλει τ. χρόνου; POxy 275, 20 [66 A.D.] ἐ. συνκλεισμῷ τ. χρόνου; En 27:3 ἐπʼ ἐσχάτοις αἰώσιν). ἐ. τῇ θυσίᾳ at the time of, together with, the sacrifice Phil 2:17. ἐ. πάσῃ τῇ μνείᾳ ὑμῶν at every remembrance of you Phil 1:3. ἐ. παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν during your wrath, i.e. while you are angry Eph 4:26. ἐ. πάσῃ τῇ ἀνάγκῃ in all (our) distress 1 Th 3:7b. ἐ. πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει 2 Cor 1:4. ἐ. τούτῳ in the meanwhile J 4:27 (Lucian, Dial. Deor. 17, 2, cp. Philops. 14 p. 41; Syntipas p. 76, 2 ἐφʼ ἡμέραις ἑπτα; 74, 6).ⓒ w. acc.α. answering the question ‘when?’ on: ἐ. τὴν αὔριον (Sb 6011, 14 [I B.C.]; PRyl 441 ἐ. τὴν ἐπαύριον) (on) the next day Lk 10:35; Ac 4:5. ἐ. τὴν ὥραν τ. προσευχῆς at the hour of prayer 3:1 (Polyaenus 8, 17 ἐ. ὥραν ὡρισμένην).β. answering the qu. ‘how long?’ for, over a period of (Hom. et al.; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 170, 8=BGU 1058, 9 [13 B.C.]; POxy 275, 9; 15 ἐ. τὸν ὅλον χρόνον; PTebt 381, 19 ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν χρόνον περίεστιν ἡ μήτηρ; LXX; En 106:15; TestJob 30:2 ἐ. ὥρας τρεῖς; TestJud 3:4; TestGad 5:11; Jos., Ant. 11, 2; Just., D. 142, 1 ἐ. ποσόν ‘for awhile’) ἐ. ἔτη τρία for three years (Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 2, 1 Jac.) Lk 4:25. ἐ. τρεῖς ἡμέρας for three days (Diod S 13, 19, 2; Arrian, Anab. 4, 9, 4; GDI 4706, 119 [Thera] ἐπʼ ἀμέρας τρεῖς) GPt 8:30 al. ἐ. ἡμέρας πλείους over a period of many days (Jos., Ant. 4, 277) Ac 13:31.—16:18 (ἐ. πολλὰς ἡμέρας as Appian, Liby. 29 §124; cp. Diod S 3, 16, 4); 17:2; 19:8, 10, 34; 27:20; Hb 11:30. ἐ. χρόνον for a while (cp. Il. 2, 299; Hdt. 9, 22, 1; Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1257; Jos., Vi. 2) Lk 18:4. ἐ. πλείονα χρόνον (Diod S 3, 16, 6; Hero Alex. I p. 344, 17) Ac 18:20. ἐφʼ ὅσον χρόνον as long as Ro 7:1; 1 Cor 7:39; Gal 4:1. Also ἐφʼ ὅσον as long as Mt 9:15; 2 Pt 1:13 (for other mngs. of ἐφʼ ὅσον s. above under 13). ἐφʼ ἱκανόν (sc. χρόνον) for a considerable time (EpArist 109) Ac 20:11. ἐ. χρόνον ἱκανόν Qua. ἐ. πολύ for a long time, throughout a long period of time (Thu. 1, 7; 1, 18, 1; 2, 16, 1 al.; Appian, Liby. 5 §21; Arrian, Cyneg. 23, 1; Lucian, Toxar. 20; Wsd 18:20; Sir 49:13; JosAs 19:3; Jos., Vi. 66: Just., A I, 65, 3) Ac 28:6. ἐ. πλεῖον the same (schol. on Pind., N. 7, 56b; PLille 3, 16 [III B.C.]; Jdth 13:1; Sir prol. l. 7; Jos., Ant. 18, 150) Ac 20:9; any longer (Lucian, D. Deor. 5, 3; Appian, Hann. 54 §227; 3 Macc 5:8; Wsd 8:12; Ath. 12, 3) Ac 24:4; 1 Cl 55:1. -
4 ἐκ
ἐκ, before vowels ἐξ, prep. w. gen. (Hom.+; s. lit. s.v. ἀνά and εἰς beg.)① marker denoting separation, from, out of, away fromⓐ w. the place or thing fr. which separation takes place. Hence esp. w. verbs of motion ἀναβαίνω, ἀναλύω, ἀνίστημι, ἐγείρομαι, εἰσέρχομαι, ἐκβάλλω, ἐκπορεύομαι, ἐξέρχομαι, ἔρχομαι, ἥκω, καταβαίνω, μεταβαίνω, ῥύομαι, συνάγω, φεύγω; s. these entries. καλεῖν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου Mt 2:15 (Hos 11:1); ἐκ σκότους 1 Pt 2:9. αἴρειν ἐκ τ. κόσμου J 17:15. ἐξαλείφειν ἐκ τῆς βίβλου Rv 3:5 (Ex 32:32f; Ps 68:29). ἀποκυλίειν τ. λίθον ἐκ τ. θύρας Mk 16:3; cp. J 20:1; Rv 6:14; σῴζειν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγ. Jd 5; διασῴζειν ἐκ τ. θαλάσσης Ac 28:4. παραγίνεσθαι ἐξ ὁδοῦ arrive on a journey (lit. from, i.e. interrupting a journey) Lk 11:6; fig. ἐπιστρέφειν ἐξ ὁδοῦ bring back fr. the way Js 5:20; cp. 2 Pt 2:21. ἐκ τῆς χειρός τινος (Hebraistically מִיַּד פּ׳, oft. LXX; s. B-D-F §217, 2; Rob. 649) from someone’s power ἐξέρχεσθαι J 10:39; ἁρπάζειν 10:28f (cp. Plut., Ages. 615 [34, 6] ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν τῶν Ἐπαμινώνδου τ. πόλιν ἐξαρπάσας; JosAs 12:8 ἅρπασόν με ἐκ χειρὸς τοῦ ἐχθροῦ); ἐξαιρεῖσθαι Ac 12:11 (cp. Aeschin. 3, 256 ἐκ τ. χειρῶν ἐξελέσθαι τῶν Φιλίππου; Sir 4:9; Bar 4:18, 21 al.); ῥύεσθαι Lk 1:74; cp. vs. 71 (Ps 105:10; Wsd 2:18; JosAs 12:10); εἰρυσταί σε κύριος ἐκ χειρὸς ἀνόμου AcPlCor 1:8 (cp. ἐκ τούτων ἄπαντων PsSol 13:4).—After πίνειν, of the object fr. which one drinks (X., Cyr. 5, 3, 3): ἐκ τ. ποτηρίου Mt 26:27; Mk 14:23; 1 Cor 11:28; cp. 10:4; J 4:12. Sim. φαγεῖν ἐκ τ. θυσιαστηρίου Hb 13:10.ⓑ w. a group or company fr. which separation or dissociation takes place (Hyperid. 6, 17 and Lucian, Cyn. 13 ἐξ ἀνθρώπων) ἐξολεθρεύειν ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ Ac 3:23 (Ex 30:33; Lev 23:29). συμβιβάζειν ἐκ τ. ὄχλου 19:33; ἐκλέγειν ἐκ τ. κόσμου J 15:19; cp. Mt 13:41, 47; Ac 1:24; 15:22; Ro 9:24. For ἐκ freq. ἐκ μέσου Mt 13:49; Ac 17:33; 23:10; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:17 (cp. Ex 31:14).—ἀνιστάναι τινὰ ἔκ τινων Ac 3:22 (Dt 18:15); ἐκ νεκρῶν 17:31. ἐγείρειν τινὰ ἐκ νεκρῶν J 12:1, 9, 17; Ac 3:15; 4:10; 13:30; Hb 11:19; AcPlCor 2:6; ἀνίστασθαι ἐκ νεκρῶν Ac 10:41; 17:3; ἀνάστασις ἐκ νεκρ. Lk 20:35; 1 Pt 1:3; cp. Ro 10:7. Also s. ἠρεμέω.ⓒ of situations and circumstances out of which someone is brought, from: ἐξαγοράζειν ἔκ τινος redeem fr. someth. Gal 3:13; also λυτροῦν (cp. Sir 51:2) 1 Pt 1:18; σῴζειν ἔκ τινος save fr. someth. J 12:27; Hb 5:7; Js 5:20 (Od. 4, 753; MLetronne, Recueil des Inscr. 1842/8, 190; 198 σωθεὶς ἐκ; SIG 1130, 1f; UPZ 60:6f [s. διασῴζω]; PVat A, 7 [168 B.C.]=Witkowski 36, 7 διασεσῶσθαι ἐκ μεγάλων κινδύνων; Sir 51:11; EpJer 49; JosAs 4:8 ἐκ τοῦ … λιμοῦ); ἐξαιρεῖσθαι Ac 7:10 (cp. Wsd 10:1; Sir 29:12). τηρεῖν ἔκ τινος keep from someth. Rv 3:10; μεταβαίνειν ἔκ τινος εἴς τι J 5:24; 1J 3:14; μετανοεῖν ἔκ τινος repent and turn away fr. someth. Rv 2:21f; 9:20f; 16:11. ἀναπαύεσθαι ἐκ τ. κόπων rest fr. one’s labors 14:13. ἐγείρεσθαι ἐξ ὕπνου wake fr. sleep (Epict. 2, 20, 15; Sir 22:9; cp. ParJer 5:2 οὐκ ἐξυπνίσθη ἐκ τοῦ ὕπνου αὐτοῦ) Ro 13:11. ζωὴ ἐκ νεκρῶν 11:15. ζῶντες ἐκ νεκρῶν people who have risen fr. death to life 6:13 (cp. Soph., Oed. R. 454; X., An. 7, 7, 28; Demosth. 18, 131 ἐλεύθερος ἐκ δούλου καὶ πλούσιος ἐκ πτωχοῦ γεγονώς; Palaeph. 3, 2). S. ἀνάστασις 2b.ⓓ of pers. and things with whom a connection is severed or is to remain severed: τηρεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ keep them fr. the evil one J 17:15; cp. Ac 15:29. Pregnant constr.: ἀνανήφειν ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος 2 Ti 2:26. νικᾶν ἔκ τινος free oneself from … by victory Rv 15:2 (for possible Latinism s. reff. to Livy and Velleius Paterculus in OLD s.v. ‘victoria’; but s. also RCharles, ICC Rv II, 33). ἐλεύθερος ἐκ 1 Cor 9:19 (cp. Eur., Herc. Fur. 1010 ἐλευθεροῦντες ἐκ δρασμῶν πόδα ‘freeing our feet from flight’ [=we recovered from our flight]). καθαρός εἰμι ἐγὼ ἐξ αὐτῆς I practiced abstinence with her GJs 15:4.② marker denoting the direction fr. which someth. comes, from καταβαίνειν ἐκ τοῦ ὄρους (Il. 13, 17; X., An. 7, 4, 12; Ex 19:14; 32:1 al.; JosAs 4:1 ἐκ τοῦ ὑπερῴου) Mt 17:9. θρὶξ ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς ὑμῶν οὐ μὴ ἀπόληται Lk 21:18. ἐκπίπτειν ἐκ τ. χειρῶν Ac 12:7. διδάσκειν ἐκ τοῦ πλοίου Lk 5:3. ἐκ τῆς βάτου χρηματισμοῦ διδομένου 1 Cl 17:5 (cp. Just., A I, 62:3). ἐκ τῆς πρύμνης ῥίψαντες τὰς ἀγκύρας Ac 27:29. κρέμασθαι ἔκ τινος (Hom. et al.; 1 Macc 1:61; 2 Macc 6:10; Jos., Ant. 14, 107) 28:4. ἐκ ῥιζῶν to (lit. from) its roots (Job 28:9; 31:12) Mk 11:20; B 12:9.—Since the Greek feeling concerning the relation betw. things in this case differed fr. ours, ἐκ could answer the question ‘where?’ (cp. Soph., Phil. 20; Synes., Ep. 131 p. 267a ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρας μερίδος=on the other side; BGU 975, 11; 15 [45 A.D.]; PGM 36, 239; LXX; JosAs 16:12 εἱστήκει … ἐξ εὐωνύμων; 22:7) ἐκ δεξιῶν at (on) the right (δεξιός 1b) Mt 20:21, 23; 22:44 (Ps 109:1); 25:33; Lk 1:11; Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8), 34 (Ps 109:1); 7:55f; B 11:10. ἐξ ἐναντίας opposite Mk 15:39 (Hdt. 8, 6, 2; Thu. 4, 33, 1; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 461, 6; Sir 37:9; Wsd 4:20 al.); ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας the opponent (Sext. Emp., Adv. Phys. 1, 66 [=Adv. Math. 9, 66]; 2, 69 [=Adv. Math. 10, 69], Adv. Eth. 1, 25; Bias in Diog. L. 1, 84) Tit 2:8.—ἐκ τοῦ κατωτάτου ᾅδου … προσευχομένου Ἰωνᾶ AcPlCor 2:30.③ marker denoting origin, cause, motive, reason, from, ofⓐ in expr. which have to do w. begetting and birth from, of, by: ἐκ introduces the role of the male (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 9 ἐκ θεοῦ ἔστι; JosAs 21:8 συνέλαβεν Ἀσενὲθ ἐκ τοῦ Ἰωσήφ; Tat. 33, 3 συλλαμβάνουσιν ἐκ φθορέως; Ath. 22, 4 ἐκ τοῦ Κρόνου; SIG 1163, 3; 1169, 63; OGI 383, 3; 5 [I B.C.]) ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχειν ἔκ τινος Mt 1:18. κοίτην ἔχειν ἔκ τινος Ro 9:10; also of the female (SIG 1160, 3; PEleph 1, 9 [311/10 B.C.] τεκνοποιεῖσθαι ἐξ ἄλλης γυναικός; PFay 28, 9 γεννᾶσθαι ἐκ; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 14 Jac.; Jos., Ant. 1, 191; Ath. 20, 3 ἐξ ἧς παῖς Διόνυσος αὐτῷ) γεννᾶν τινα ἐκ beget someone by (a woman; s. γεννάω 1a) Mt 1:3, 5, etc. ἐκ Μαρίας ἐγεννῄθη AcPlCor 1:14; 2:5; γίνεσθαι ἐκ γυναικός (Jos., Ant. 11, 152; Ar. 9, 7) Gal 4:4; cp. vs. 22f.—γεννᾶσθαι ἐξ αἱμάτων κτλ. J 1:13; ἐκ τ. σαρκός 3:6; ἐκ πορνείας 8:41. ἐγείρειν τινὶ τέκνα ἐκ Mt 3:9; Lk 3:8. (τὶς) ἐκ καρποῦ τ. ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ Ac 2:30 (Ps 131:11). γεννᾶσθαι ἐκ τ. θεοῦ J 1:13; 1J 3:9; 4:7; 5:1, 4, 18 (Just., A I, 22, 2); ἐκ τ. πνεύματος J 3:6 (opp. ἐκ τ. σαρκός). εἶναι ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ (Menand., Sam. 602 S. [257 Kö.]) J 8:47; 1J 4:4, 6; 5:19; opp. εἶναι ἐκ τ. διαβόλου J 8:44; 1J 3:8 (cp. OGI 90, 10 of Ptolemaeus Epiphanes ὑπάρχων θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ κ. θεᾶς).ⓑ to denote origin as to family, race, city, people, district, etc.: ἐκ Ναζαρέτ J 1:46. ἐκ πόλεως vs. 44. ἐξ οἴκου Lk 1:27; 2:4. ἐκ γένους (Jos., Ant. 11, 136) Phil 3:5; Ac 4:6. ἐκ φυλῆς (Jos., Ant. 6, 45; 49; PTebt I, 26, 15) Lk 2:36; Ac 13:21; 15:23; Ro 11:1. Ἑβρ. ἐξ Ἑβραίων a Hebrew, the son of Hebrews Phil 3:5 (Goodsp., Probs., 175f; on the connotation of ancestral ἀρετή Phil 3:5 cp. New Docs VII 233, no. 10, 5). ἐκ σπέρματός τινος J 7:42; Ro 1:3; 11:1. ἐξ ἐθνῶν Ac 15:23; cp. Gal 2:15. Cp. Lk 23:7; Ac 23:34. ἐκ τ. γῆς J 3:31. For this ἐκ τῶν κάτω J 8:23 (opp. ἐκ τ. ἄνω). ἐκ (τούτου) τ. κόσμου 15:19ab; 17:14; 1J 2:16; 4:5. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων Mt 21:25; Mk 11:30.—To express a part of the whole, subst.: οἱ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ the Israelites Ro 9:6. οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας selfish, factious people 2:8. οἱ ἐκ νόμου partisans of the law 4:14; cp. vs. 16. οἱ ἐκ πίστεως those who have faith Gal 3:7, 9; cp. the sg. Ro 3:26; 4:16. οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς the circumcision party Ac 11:2; Ro 4:12; Gal 2:12. οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς Tit 1:10. For this οἱ ὄντες ἐκ περιτομῆς Col 4:11. οἱ ἐκ τ. συναγωγῆς members of the synagogue Ac 6:9. οἱ ἐκ τῶν Ἀριστοβούλου Ro 16:10f. οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας Phil 4:22 (s. Καῖσαρ and οἰκία 3). In these cases the idea of belonging, the partisan use, often completely overshadows that of origin; cp. Dg 6:3.ⓒ to denote derivation (Maximus Tyr. 13, 3f φῶς ἐκ πυρός; Ath. 18:3 γένεσιν … ἐξ ὕδατος) καπνὸς ἐκ τ. δόξης τ. θεοῦ Rv 15:8 (cp. EpJer 20 καπνὸς ἐκ τ. οἰκίας). ἡ σωτηρία ἐκ τ. Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν J 4:22. εἶναι ἔκ τινος come, derive from someone or someth. (Jos., Ant. 7, 209) Mt 5:37; J 7:17, 22; 1J 2:16, 21; εἶναι is oft. to be supplied Ro 2:29; 11:36; 1 Cor 8:6 ( Plut., Mor. 1001c); 11:12; 2 Cor 4:7; Gal 5:8. ἔργα ἐκ τοῦ πατρός J 10:32. οἰκοδομὴ ἐκ θεοῦ 2 Cor 5:1; χάρισμα 1 Cor 7:7; δικαιοσύνη Phil 3:9. φωνὴ ἐκ τ. στόματος αὐτοῦ Ac 22:14. Here belongs the constr. w. ἐκ for the subj. gen., as in ἡ ἐξ ὑμῶν (v.l.) ἀγάπη 2 Cor 8:7; ὁ ἐξ ὑμῶν ζῆλος 9:2 v.l.; Rv 2:9 (cp. Vett. Val. 51, 16; CIG II 3459, 11 τῇ ἐξ ἑαυτῆς κοσμιότητι; pap. [Rossberg 14f]; 1 Macc 11:33 χάριν τῆς ἐξ αὐτῶν εὐνοίας; 2 Macc 6:26). ἐγένετο ζήτησις ἐκ τ. μαθητῶν Ἰωάννου there arose a discussion on the part of John’s disciples J 3:25 (Dionys. Hal. 8, 89, 4 ζήτησις πολλὴ ἐκ πάντων ἐγένετο; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 24 §91 σφαγή τις ἐκ τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐγένετο).ⓓ of the effective cause by, because of (cp. the ‘perfectivizing’ force of ἐκ and other prepositions in compounds, e.g. Mt 4:7; Mk 9:15. B-D-F §318, 5)α. personal in nature, referring to originator (X., An. 1, 1, 6; Diod S 19, 1, 4 [saying of Solon]; Arrian, Anab. 3, 1, 2; 4, 13, 6 of an inspired woman κατεχομένη ἐκ τοῦ θείου; Achilles Tat. 5, 27, 2; SibOr 3, 395; Just.: A I, 12, 5 ἐκ δαιμόνων φαύλων … καὶ ταῦτα … ἐνεργεῖσθαι, also D. 18, 3; Nicetas Eugen. 7, 85 H. ἐκ θεῶν σεσωσμένη; Ps.-Clem., Hom. p. 7, 19 Lag. τὸν ἐκ θεοῦ σοι ἀποδιδόμενον μισθόν): ὠφελεῖσθαι ἔκ τινος Mt 15:5; Mk 7:11. ζημιοῦσθαι 2 Cor 7:9. λυπεῖσθαι 2:2. εὐχαριστεῖσθαι 1:11. ἀδικεῖσθαι Rv 2:11. ἐξ ἐμαυτοῦ οὐκ ἐλάλησα J 12:49 (cp. Soph., El. 344 οὐδὲν ἐξ σαυτῆς λέγεις).β. impersonal in nature (Arrian, Anab. 3, 21, 10 ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐκ τ. τραυμάτων; 6, 25, 4; JosAs 29:8 ἐκ τοῦ τραύματος τοῦ λίθου; POxy 486, 32 τὰ ἐμὰ ἐκ τ. ἀναβάσεως τ. Νίλου ἀπολωλέναι): ἀποθανεῖν ἐκ τ. ὑδάτων Rv 8:11. πυροῦσθαι 3:18. σκοτοῦσθαι 9:2. φωτίζεσθαι 18:1. κεκοπιακὼς ἐκ τῆς ὁδοιπορίας J 4:6 (Aelian, VH 3, 23 ἐκ τοῦ πότου ἐκάθευδεν). ἔκαμον ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ GJs 15:1.ⓔ of the reason which is a presupposition for someth.: by reason of, as a result of, because of (X., An. 2, 5, 5; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 42 §185 ἐκ προδοσίας; POxy 486, 28f ἐκ τῆς ἐπιστολῆς; Just., A I, 68, 3 ἐξ ἐπιστολῆς; numerous examples in Mayser II/2 p. 388; Philo, De Jos. 184 ἐκ διαβολῆς; Jos., Vi. 430; JosAs 11 παραλελυμένη … ἐκ τῆς πολλῆς ταπεινώσεως; Ar. 8, 6 ἐκ τούτων … τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων τῆς πλάνης; Just., A I, 4, 1 ἐκ τοῦ … ὀνόματος; also inf.: 33, 2 ἵνα … ἐκ τοῦ προειρῆσθαι πιστευθῇ 68, 3 al.): δικαιοῦσθαι ἔκ τινος Ro 4:2; Gal 2:16; 3:24; cp. Ro 3:20, 30 (cp. εἴ τις ἐκ γένους [δίκαι]ος=has the right of citizenship by descent [i.e. has the law on his side]: letter of MAurelius 34, ZPE 8, ’71, 170); οὐκ … ἡ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ he does not live because of his possessions Lk 12:15. ἐκ ταύτης τ. ἐργασίας Ac 19:25. ἐξ ἔργων λαβεῖν τὸ πνεῦμα Gal 3:2, 5; cp. Ro 11:6. ἐξ ἀναστάσεως λαβεῖν τ. νεκρούς Hb 11:35. ἐσταυρώθη ἐξ ἀσθενείας 2 Cor 13:4. τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν as far as it depends on you Ro 12:18.—ἐκ τοῦ πόνου in anguish Rv 16:10; cp. vs. 11; 8:13.—ἐκ τούτου for this reason, therefore (SIG 1168, 47; 1169, 18; 44; 62f; BGU 423, 17=Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 480, 17) J 6:66; 19:12.ⓕ Sim. ἐκ can introduce the means which one uses for a definite purpose, with, by means of (Polyaenus 3, 9, 62 ἐξ ἱμάντος=by means of a thong) ἐκ τοῦ μαμωνᾶ Lk 16:9 (X., An. 6, 4, 9; PTebt 5, 80 [118 B.C.] ἐκ τ. ἱερῶν προσόδων; ParJer 1:7 [of Jerusalem] ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν σου ἀφανισθήτω; Jos., Vi. 142 ἐκ τ. χρημάτων); cp. 8:3.ⓖ of the source, fr. which someth. flows or comes:α. λαλεῖν ἐκ τ. ἰδίων J 8:44. ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύματος τ. καρδίας Mt 12:34. τὰ ἐκ τ. ἱεροῦ the food from the temple 1 Cor 9:13. ἐκ τ. εὐαγγελίου ζῆν get one’s living by proclaiming the gospel vs. 14.β. information, insight, etc. (X., An. 7, 7, 43 ἐκ τῶν ἔργων κατέμαθες; Just., A I, 28, 1 ἐκ τῶν ἡμετέρων συγγραμμάτων … μαθεῖν 34, 2 al.) κατηχεῖσθαι ἐκ Ro 2:18. ἀκούειν ἐκ J 12:34. γινώσκειν Mt 12:33; Lk 6:44; 1J 3:24; 4:6. ἐποπτεύειν 1 Pt 2:12. δεικνύναι Js 2:18 (cp. ἀποδεικνύναι Just., D. 33, 1).γ. of the inner life, etc., fr. which someth. proceeds (since Il. 9, 486): ἐκ καρδίας Ro 6:17; 1 Pt 1:22 v.l. (cp. Theocr. 29, 4; M. Ant. 3, 3). ἐκ ψυχῆς Eph 6:6; Col 3:23 (X., An. 7, 7, 43, Oec. 10, 4; Jos., Ant. 17, 177; 1 Macc 8:27). ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 Ti 1:5; 2 Ti 2:22; 1 Pt 1:22. ἐξ ὅλης τ. καρδίας σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τ. ψυχῆς σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τ. διανοίας σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τ. ἰσχύος σου Mk 12:30; cp. Lk 10:27 (Dt 6:5; cp. Wsd 8:21; 4 Macc 7:18; Epict. 2, 23, 42 ἐξ ὅλης ψυχῆς). ἐκ πίστεως Ro 14:23; cp. 2 Cor 2:17. Also of circumstances which accompany an action without necessarily being the source of it: γράφειν ἐκ πολλῆς θλίψεως write out of great affliction 2 Cor 2:4; Phil 1:17.ⓗ of the material out of which someth. is made (Hdt. 1, 194; Pla., Rep. 10, 616c; OGI 194, 28 [42 B.C.] a statue ἐκ σκληροῦ λίθου; PMagd 42, 5 [221 B.C.]=PEnteux 83, 5; POxy 707, 28; PGM 13, 659; Wsd 15:8; 1 Macc 10:11; Jdth 1:2; En 99:13; JosAs 3:9; Just., A I, 59, 1) of, from στέφανος ἐξ ἀκανθῶν Mt 27:29; J 19:2; cp. 2:15; 9:6; Ro 9:21; 1 Cor 15:47; Rv 18:12; 21:21; perh. also 1 Cor 11:12 ἡ γυνὴ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνδρός.ⓘ of the underlying rule or principle according to, in accordance with (Hdt., Pla. et al. [Kühner-G. I 461g], also OGI 48, 12 [III B.C.] ἐκ τ. νόμων; PEleph 1, 12 [312/11 B.C.] ἐκ δίκης; PPetr III, 26, 9 ἐκ κρίσεως; LXX, e.g. 1 Macc 8:30; Jos., Ant. 6, 296 ἐκ κυνικῆς ἀσκήσεως πεποιημένος τὸν βίον) ἐκ τ. λόγων Mt 12:37 (cp. Wsd 2:20). ἐκ τ. στόματός σου κρινῶ σε by what you have said Lk 19:22 (cp. Sus 61 Theod.; also X., Cyr. 2, 2, 21 ἐκ τ. ἔργων κρίνεσθαι). ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων on the basis of things written Rv 20:12. ἐκ τ. καλοῦντος Ro 9:12. ἐκ τ. ἔχειν in accordance w. your ability 2 Cor 8:11. ἐξ ἰσότητος on the basis of equality vs. 13.④ marker used in periphrasis, from, ofⓐ for the partitive gen. (B-D-F §164, 1 and 2; 169; Rob. 599; 1379).α. after words denoting number εἷς, μία, ἕν (Hdt. 2, 46, 2 ἐκ τούτων εἷς; POxy 117, 14ff [II/III A.D.] δύο … ἐξ ὧν … ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν; Tob 12:15 BA; Sir 32:1; Jos., Bell. 7, 47; JosAs 20:2 ἐκ τῶν παρθένων μία Just., D. 126, 4) Mt 10:29; 18:12; 22:35; 27:48; Mk 9:17 al.; εἷς τις J 11:49; δύο Mk 16:12; Lk 24:13; J 1:35; 21:2. πέντε Mt 25:2. πολλοί (1 Macc 5:26; 9:69) J 6:60, 66; 7:31; 11:19, 45. οἱ πλείονες 1 Cor 15:6. οὐδείς (Epict. 1, 29, 37; 1 Macc 5:54; 4 Macc 14:4; Ar. 13, 6; Just., D. 16, 2) J 7:19; 16:5. χιλιάδες ἐκ πάσης φυλῆς Rv 7:4.β. after the indef. pron. (Plut., Galba 1065 [27, 2]; Herodian 5, 3, 9; 3 Macc 2:30; Jos., Vi. 279) Lk 11:15; J 6:64; 7:25, 44, 48; 9:16; 11:37, 46 al. Also after the interrog. pron. Mt 6:27; 21:31; Lk 11:5; 12:25; 14:28 al.γ. the partitive w. ἐκ as subj. (2 Km 11:17) εἶπαν ἐκ τ. μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ J 16:17.—Rv 11:9. As obj., pl. Mt 23:34; Lk 11:49; 21:16; 2J 4 (cp. Sir 33:12; Jdth 7:18; 10:17 al.).δ. used w. εἶναι belong to someone or someth. (Jos., Ant. 12, 399) καὶ σὺ ἐξ αὐτῶν εἶ you also belong to them Mt 26:73; cp. Mk 14:69f; Lk 22:58; J 7:50; 10:26; Ac 21:8; cp. 2 Cl 18:1. οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐκ τ. σώματος I do not belong to the body 1 Cor 12:15f; cp. 2 Cl 14:1.ε. after verbs of supplying, receiving, consuming: ἐσθίειν ἔκ τινος (Tob 1:10; Sir 11:19; Jdth 12:2; JosAs 16:8) 1 Cor 9:7; 11:28; J 6:26, 50f; Rv 2:7. πίνειν Mt 26:29; Mk 14:25; J 4:13f; Rv 14:10; χορτάζειν ἔκ τινος gorge w. someth. 19:21 (s. ζ below); μετέχειν 1 Cor 10:17; λαμβάνειν (1 Esdr 6:31; Wsd 15:8) J 1:16; Rv 18:4; Hs 9, 24, 4. τὸ βρέφος … ἔλαβε μασθὸν ἐκ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ the child took its mother’s breast GJs 19:2; διδόναι (Tob 4:16; Ezk 16:17) Mt 25:8; 1J 4:13. διαδιδόναι (Tob 4:16 A) J 6:11.ζ. after verbs of filling: ἐπληρώθη ἐκ τῆς ὀσμῆς was filled w. the fragrance J 12:3 cp. Rv 8:5. χορτασθῆναι ἔκ τινος to be satisfied to the full w. someth. Lk 15:16. γέμειν ἐξ ἁρπαγῆς be full of greed Mt 23:25.ⓑ in periphrasis for the gen. of price or value for (Palaeph. 45; PFay 111, 16 [95/96 A.D.]; 119, 5 [c. 100 A.D.]; 131, 5; PLond II, 277, 9 p. 217 [23 A.D.]; BGU III, 916, 19 [I A.D.]; PAmh II, 133, 19 [II A.D.]; Jos., Ant. 14, 34; B-D-F §179) ἀγοράζειν τι ἔκ τινος Mt 27:7 (POxy 745, 2 [c. 1 A.D.] τ. οἶνον ἠγόρασας ἐκ δραχμῶν ἕξ; EpJer 24); cp. Ac 1:18; Mt 20:2.⑤ marker denoting temporal sequence, fromⓐ of the time when someth. begins from, from … on, for, etc. ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός from birth (Ps 21:11; 70:6; Is 49:1) Mt 19:12 al.; also ἐκ γενετῆς J 9:1 (since Il. 24, 535; Od. 18, 6; s. also γενετή). ἐκ νεότητος (since Il. 14, 86; Ps 70:5; Sir 7:23; Wsd 8:2; 1 Macc 2:66; JosAs 17:4) Mk 10:20; Lk 18:21. ἐξ ἱκανῶν χρόνων for a long time 23:8. ἐκ πολλῶν χρόνων a long time before 1 Cl 42:5 (cp. Epict. 2, 16, 17 ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου. Cp. ἐκ πολλοῦ Thu. 1, 68, 3; 2, 88, 2; ἐξ ὀλίγων ἡμερῶν Lysias, Epitaph. 1). ἐκ γενεῶν ἀρχαίων Ac 15:21 (cp. X., Hell. 6, 1, 4 ἐκ πάντων προγόνων). ἐκ τ. αἰῶνος since the world began J 9:32 (cp. ἐξ αἰῶνος Sext. Emp., Adv. Math. 9, 76; Diod S 4, 83, 3; Aelian, VH 6, 13; 12, 64; OGI 669, 61; Sir 1:4; 1 Esdr 2:17, 21; Jos., Bell. 5, 442). ἐξ ἐτῶν ὀκτώ for eight years Ac 9:33; cp. 24:10. ἐξ ἀρχῆς (PTebt 40, 20 [117 B.C.]; Sir 15:14; 39:32; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 225; Ath. 8, 1) J 6:64. ἐκ παιδιόθεν fr. childhood Mk 9:21 (s. παιδιόθεν. Just., A I, 15, 6 ἐκ παίδων. On the use of ἐκ w. an adv. cp. ἐκ τότε POxy 486 [II A.D.]; ἐκ πρωίθεν 1 Macc 10:80).ⓑ of temporal sequenceα. ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας day after day 2 Pt 2:8; 2 Cl 11:2 (cp. Ps.-Eur., Rhes. 445; Henioch. Com. 5:13 K.; Theocr. 18, 35; Gen 39:10; Num 30:15; Sir 5:7; Esth 3:7; En 98:8; 103:10).β. ἐκ δευτέρου for the second time, again, s. δεύτερος 2. ἐκ τρίτου Mt 26:44 (ParJer 7:8; cp. PHolm 1, 32 ἐκ τετάρτου).⑥ various uses and unitsⓐ blending of constructions, cp. Rob. 599f: ἐκ for ἐν (Hdt., Thu. et al., s. Kühner-G. I 546f; LXX, e.g. Sus 26 Theod.; 1 Macc 11:41; 13:21; Jdth 15:5) ὁ πατὴρ ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ δώσει Lk 11:13. μὴ καταβάτω ἆραι τὰ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ Mt 24:17. τὴν ἐκ Λαοδικείας (ἐπιστολὴν) ἵνα καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀναγνῶτε Col 4:16.ⓑ like the OT use of מִן: ἔκρινεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ κρίμα ὑμῶν ἐξ αὐτῆς God has pronounced judgment for you against her Rv 18:20 (cp. Ps 118:84; Is 1:24; En 100:4; 104:3). ἐξεδίκησεν τὸ αἷμα τ. δούλων αὐτοῦ ἐκ χειρὸς αὐτῆς 19:2, cp. 6:10 (both 4 Km 9:7).ⓒ adv. expressions (Just., A I, 2, 1 ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου ‘in every way’): ἐξ ἀνάγκης (ἀνάγκη 1). ἐκ συμφώνου by mutual consent (BGU 446, 13=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 257, 13; CPR I, 11, 14 al. in pap; cp. Dssm., NB 82f [BS 225]) 1 Cor 7:5. ἐκ λύπης reluctantly 2 Cor 9:7. ἐκ περισσοῦ extremely (Dio Chrys. 14 [31], 64; Lucian, Pro Merc. Cond. 13; Da 3:22 Theod.; Galen, CMG V/10/2/2 p. 284, 17 [-ττ]) Mk 6:51; 1 Th 5:13 v.l.; ἐκ μέτρου by measure = sparingly J 3:34. ἐκ μέρους (Galen, CMG V/10/2/2 p. 83, 24) part by part = as far as the parts are concerned, individually 1 Cor 12:27 (distributive; cp. PHolm 1, 7 ἐκ δραχμῶν Ϛ´=6 dr. each); mostly in contrast to ‘complete’, only in part 13:9 (BGU 538, 35; 574, 10; 887, 6; 17 al. in pap; EpArist 102). ἐξ ὀνόματος individually, personally, by name IEph 20:2; IPol 4:2; 8:2.ⓓ ἐκ … εἰς w. the same word repeated gives it special emphasis (Plut., Galba 1058 [14, 2] ἐκ προδοσίας εἰς προδοσίαν; Ps 83:8) ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν Ro 1:17.—2 Cor 2:16 (twice).—The result and goal are thus indicated Ro 11:36; 1 Cor 8:6; Col 1:16. AFridrichsen, ConNeot 12, ’48, 54.—DELG s.v. ἐξ. M-M. -
5 γίνομαι
γίνομαι (in the form γίγνομαι [s. below] Hom.+; as γίν. since Aristot.+; and s. Kühner-Bl. II p. 391; Schwyzer I 215; KBrugmann4-AThumb, Griech. Gramm. 1913, 126; Mayser p. 165 and lit. there). Impf. ἐγινόμην; fut. γενήσομαι; 2 aor. ἐγενόμην, 3 sg. opt. γένοιτο; very rare v.l. (B-D-F §81, 3) γενάμενος (GJs 6:1; 16;1; 25:1 [s. deStrycker 249]; also found in Ps.-Callisth. 1, 20, 1; 1, 41, 11; ApcEsdr 1:3 p. 24, 7 Tdf.; Mel., P. 49, 346 [Bodm.]). Pass.: fut. ptc. τῶν γενηθησομένων (Eccl 1:11 v.l.); 1 aor. ἐγενήθην (Doric, H. Gk.; Phryn. 108 Lob.; pap fr. III B.C., Mayser I/22 ’38, 157f [w. lit.]; ins [Schweizer 181; Nachmanson 168; Thieme 13]; LXX), impv. γενηθήτω; pf. γεγένημαι (Meisterhans3-Schw.: Att. ins since 376 B.C.; Mayser 391) uncontested use in NT only J 2:9; GJs 24:3 (γεγένν-pap); apolog. On pf. γέγονα s. Meisterhans3-Schw.: since 464 B.C.; Mayser 372; on the aoristic use of γέγονα s. Mlt. 145f; 238; 239; PChantraine, Histoire du parfait grec 1927, 233–45; 3 pl. γέγοναν Ro 16:7 (v.l. γεγόνασιν) and Rv 21:6; s. KBuresch, Γέγοναν: RhM 46, 1891, 193ff; Mlt. 52 n.; ptc. γεγονώς; plpf. 3 sg. ἐγεγόνει (1 Macc. 4:27; 2 Macc. 13:17; J 6:17; Just.), without augment γεγόνει (Ac 4:22; v.l. ἐγεγόνει), s. B-D-F §78; Mlt-H. 190. On the variation γίνομαι and γίγνομαι s. W-S. §5, 31; B-D-F §34, 4; Mlt-H. 108. A verb with numerous nuances relating to being and manner of being. Its contrast to the more static term εἰμί can be seen in Kaibel 595, 5 οὐκ ἤμην καὶ ἐγενόμην=I was not and then I came to be (cp. Ath. 4, 2 in 3 below).① to come into being through process of birth or natural production, be born, be produced (SIG 1168, 6; Epict. 2, 17, 8; Wsd 7:3; Sir 44:9; Just., A I, 13, 3; Tat. 26, 2) J 8:58; w. ἔκ τινος foll. (Diod S 3, 64, 1; Appian, Basil. 5 §1; Parthenius 1, 4; Athen. 13, 37 p. 576c ἐξ ἑταίρας; PPetr III, 2, 20; PFlor 382, 38 ὁ ἐξ ἐμοῦ γενόμενος υἱός; 1 Esdr 4:16; Tob 8:6; Jos., Ant. 2, 216) Ro 1:3; Gal 4:4 (cp. 1QS 11:21). Also of plants 1 Cor 15:37. Of fruits ἔκ τινος be produced by a tree Mt 21:19 (cp. X., Mem. 3, 6, 13 ὁ ἐκ τ. χώρας γιγνόμενος σῖτος). W. ἀπό τινος foll. Ox 1081 (SJCh), 11 γε̣[ινόμε]νον, 14 γέγ[ονος], 14f γε[ι]νομεν[ον], 19 γέγονος.② to come into existence, be made, be created, be manufactured, be performedⓐ gener. ὸ̔ γέγονεν J 1:3c (s. ref. to Vawter, below); w. διά τινος vs. 3a (MTeschendorf, D. Schöpfungsged. im NT: StKr 104, ’32, 337–72). W. χωρίς τινος vs. 3b (IAndrosIsis, Cyrene 15 [103 A.D.] Ἐμοῦ δὲ χωρὶς γείνετʼ οὐδὲν πώποτε; Cleanthes, Hymn to Zeus 15 [Stoic. I 537=Coll. Alex. no. 1 p. 227] οὐδέ τι γίγνεται ἔργον σοῦ δίχα; note the related style 1QH 1:20; on the syntax of J 1:3f see BVawter, CBQ 25, ’63, 401–6, who favors a full stop after οὐδὲ ἕν, s. εἷς 2b and lit. cited there on J 1:3). W. ἔκ τινος Hb 11:3. Of cult images διὰ χειρῶν γινόμενοι made w. hands Ac 19:26 (cp. PRyl 231, 3 [40 A.D.] τοὺς ἄρτους γενέσθαι). Of miracles: be done, take place (Tob 11:15; Wsd 19:13 v.l. Swete) Mt 11:20f, 23; Lk 10:13; Ac 8:13. ἐφʼ ὸ̔ν γεγόνει τὸ σημεῖον τοῦτο on whom this miracle had been performed 4:22. W. mention of the author διά τινος (cp. 4 Macc 17:11) 2:43; 4:16, 30; 12:9; 24:2. διὰ τῶν χειρῶν τινος Mk 6:2; Ac 14:3. ὑπό τινος (Herodian 8, 4, 2; OGI 168, 46 [115 B.C.] τὰ γεγονότα ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς φιλάνθρωπα; UPZ III, 3, 7 [116 B.C.]; PTebt 786, 14 [II B.C.]; Wsd 9:2; Jos., Ant. 8, 111; 347; Just., D. 35, 8 τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ [Jesus] καὶ νῦν γινομένων δυνάμεων) Lk 9:7 v.l.; 13:17; 23:8; Eph 5:12. Of commands, instructions be fulfilled, performed γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου thy will be done (Appian, Liby. 90 §423 τὸ πρόσταγμα δεῖ γενέσθαι; Syntipas p. 25, 3 γενέσθω τὸ αἴτημα) Mt 6:10; 26:42; Lk 11:2; cp. 22:42. γέγονεν ὸ̔ ἐπέταξας your order has been carried out 14:22. γενέσθαι τὸ αἴτημα αὐτῶν that their demand should be granted 23:24. Of institutions: be established, the Sabbath for the sake of humans Mk 2:27 (Crates, Ep. 24 οὐ γεγόνασιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι τ. ἵππων χάριν, ἀλλʼ οἱ ἵπποι τ. ἀνθρώπων).ⓑ w. mention of the special nature of an undertaking: ἵνα οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί in order to have such action taken in my case 1 Cor 9:15. ἐν τῷ ξηρῷ τί γένηται; what will be done when it (the wood) is dry? Lk 23:31.③ come into being as an event or phenomenon from a point of origin, arise, come about, develop (Alcaeus 23 Diehl2 [320 L-P.] καί κʼ οὐδὲν ἐκ δένος γένοιτο=nothing could originate from nothing; Ath. 4:2 τὸ ὸ̓ν οὐ γίνεται ἀλλὰ τὸ μὴ ὸ̓ν)ⓐ of events or phenomena in nature (Sir 40:10; Ex 10:22; Job 40:23; Jos., Ant. 9, 36): lightning, thunder (X., An. 3, 1, 11) J 12:29; Rv 8:5; 11:19; calm (on the sea) Mt 8:26; Mk 4:39; Lk 8:24; storm Mk 4:37; a cloud (cp. Jos., Ant. 9, 36) 9:7; Lk 9:34; Hv 4, 3, 7; flood Lk 6:48; earthquake (Parian Marbles [III B.C.]=FGrH: 239B, 24) Mt 8:24; 28:2; Ac 16:26; Rv 6:12; 11:13; 16:18; darkness Mt 27:45; Mk 15:33; Lk 23:44; J 6:17; hail, fire Rv 8:7. Of a dawning day ὅτε δὲ ἡμέρα ἐγένετο (cp. περὶ ἀρχομένην ἡμέραν ‘about dawn’ Jos., Vi 15: in a related story of shipwreck) Ac 27:39.ⓑ of other occurrences (Arrian, Anab. 4, 4, 3 τὰ ἱερὰ οὐκ ἐγίγνετο=the sacrifice did not turn out [favorably]; 1 Macc 1:25; 4:58; 9:27; 13:44; Jdth 7:29; 14:19 al.): complaining Ac 6:1; persecution, oppression Mt 13:21; 24:21; Mk 4:17; 13:19; Ac 11:19; discussion J 3:25; Ac 15:7; tumult Mt 26:5; 27:24; GJs 21:1 and 25:1; a sound Ac 2:2, 6; weeping 20:37; clamor 23:9; Mt 25:6; AcPl Ha 4, 6; famine Lk 4:25; 15:14; Ac 11:28; ὁρμή (q.v.) 14:5; war Rv 12:7; sharp contention Ac 15:39; tear (in a garment) Mt 9:16; Mk 2:21; Lk 6:49; silence (s. σιγή) Ac 21:40; Rv 8:1; στάσις (q.v. 2) Lk 23:19; Ac 15:2; 23:7, 10; concourse 21:30; confusion 19:23; shout, loud voice 2:6; 19:34; Rv 11:15; dispute Lk 22:24; envy, strife 1 Ti 6:4; astonishment AcPl Ha 4, 25; joy 6, 3; prayer 6, 7; offering 6, 37.ⓒ of the various divisions of a day (Jdth 13:1; 1 Macc 5:30; 4 Macc 3:8 al.) γενομένης ἡμέρας when day came (Jos., Ant. 10, 202, Vi. 405) Lk 4:42; Ac 12:18; 16:35; 23:12; cp. Lk 6:13; 22:66; Ac 27:29, 33, 39. Difft. Mk 6:21 γενομένης ἡμέρας εὐκαίρου when a convenient/opportune day arrived. ὀψέ (cp. Gen 29:25; 1 Km 25:37) 11:19. ὀψίας γενομένης Mt 8:16; 14:15, 23; 16:2; 26:20; 27:57; Mk 1:32; 6:47; 14:17; 15:42; cp. J 6:16. πρωί̈ας Mt 27:1; J 21:4. νύξ Ac 27:27. ὥρας πολλῆς γενομένης when it had grown late Mk 6:35; cp. 15:33; Lk 22:14; Ac 26:4.④ to occur as process or result, happen, turn out, take place (Dicaearch., Fgm. 102 W.: a campaign ‘takes place’; Diod S 32 Fgm. 9c τὰς εἰς τ. πατέρα γεγενημένας ἁμαρτίας=the misdeeds ‘perpetrated’ against his father; 2 Macc 1:32; 13:17; 3 Macc 1:11; 4:12; 5:17 al.)ⓐ gener. τοῦτο ὅλον γέγονεν all this took place w. ἵνα foll. Mt 1:22; 26:56. ἕως ἂν πάντα γένηται until all has taken place (=is past) 5:18. πάντα τὰ γενόμενα everything that had happened (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 121 §508 τὰ γενόμενα; 1 Esdr 1:10; Jdth 15:1; 1 Macc 4:20; 2 Macc 10:21; 3 Macc 1:17) 18:31; cp. 21:21; 24:6, 20, 34; 26:54; 27:54; 28:11; Mk 5:14. ἴδωμεν τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο τὸ γεγονός let us see this thing that has taken place Lk 2:15 (TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 15 [Stone p. 40]) θανάτου γενομένου since a death has occurred, i.e. since he has died Hb 9:15. τούτου γενομένου after this had happened (Jos., Ant. 9, 56; 129) Ac 28:9. τὸ γεγονός what had happened (Diod S 12, 49, 4; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 18 §496; Jos., Ant. 14, 292) Lk 8:34; 24:12. τὰ γεγονότα AcPl Ha 11, 1.—μὴ γένοιτο strong negation, in Paul only after rhet. questions (cp. TestJob 38:1; JosAs 25:8; Epict., index p. 540e; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 1, 2, Dial. Meretr. 13, 4; Achilles Tat. 5, 18, 4; Aristaen., Ep. 1, 27) by no means, far from it, God forbid (Goodsp., Probs., 88; AMalherbe, HTR 73, ’80, 231–41) Lk 20:16; Ro 3:4, 6, 31; 6:2, 15; 7:7, 13; 9:14; 11:1, 11; 1 Cor 6:15; Gal 2:17; 3:21. In more extensive phrasing (the LXX has exx. only of this usage: Gen 44:17; 3 Km 20:3 al.; cp. Josh 22:29; Demosth. 10, 27; Alciphron 2, 5, 3 al.; Ael. Aristid. 23, 80 K.=42 p. 795 D.; 30 p. 578 D.; 54 p. 679 ὸ̔ μὴ γένοιτο) Gal 6:14; w. ἵνα foll. AcPl Ha 7, 40. τί γέγονεν ὅτι (cp. Eccl 7:10) why is it that J 14:22.—Of festivals: be held, take place, come (X., Hell. 7, 4, 28 τὰ Ὀλύμπια; 4, 5, 1; 4 Km 23:22f; 2 Macc 6:7) feast of dedication J 10:22; passover Mt 26:2; sabbath Mk 6:2; wedding J 2:1.—Abs. impv. (put twice for emphasis as Lucian, Pisc. 1 βάλλε, βάλλε; Philostrat., Ep. 35, 1 λάβε λάβε; Procop. Soph., Ep. 45) γενηθήτω γενηθήτω so let it be as a closing formula 1 Cor 16:24 v.l. (cp. Herodas 4, 85, where the sacristan closes his prayer to Asclepius with the words: ὧδε ταῦτʼ εἴη=so may it be).—On γένοιτο ἀμήν GJs 6:2 s. ἀμήν 1a.ⓑ w. dat. of pers. affectedα. w. inf. foll. (UPZ 24, 29 al.; 1 Macc 13:5; Jos., Ant. 6, 232) ὅπως μὴ γένηται αὐτῷ χρονοτριβῆσαι so that he would not have to lose time Ac 20:16.β. w. adv. or adv. phrase added (1 Esdr 6:33) κατὰ τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν γενηθήτω ὑμῖν according to your faith let it be done to you, i.e. you believe, and you won’t be disappointed Mt 9:29; cp. 8:13. γένοιτό μοι κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμά σου may that happen to me as you have said Lk 1:38. πῶς ἐγένετο τῷ δαιμονιζομένῳ what had happened to the possessed man Mk 5:16. ἵνα εὖ σοι γένηται that it may be well w. you Eph 6:3 (Dt 5:16; cp. Epict. 2, 5, 29 εὖ σοι γένοιτο; Aelian, VH 9, 36). γενηθήτω σοι ὡς θέλεις let it be done for you as you desire, i.e. your wish is granted Mt 15:28.γ. w. nom. of thing (1 Macc 4:25; Sir 51:17; Ar. 15:5) γίνεταί τινί τι someth. happens to or befalls a person Mk 9:21. ἵνα μὴ χεῖρόν σοί τι γένηται lest someth. worse come upon you J 5:14. τί ἐγένετο αὐτῷ what has happened to him Ac 7:40 (Ex 32:1, 23; AcPl Ha 5, 20). τὸ γεγενημένον αὐτῷ Ac 3:10 D. ἐγίνετο πάσῃ ψυχῄ φόβος fear came upon everyone (cp. Tob 11:18) 2:43. λύπη AcPl Ha 6, 16. Freq. γέγονε ἐμοί τι someth. has come to me= I have someth.: πώρωσις τῷ Ἰσραὴλ γέγονεν a hardening (of heart) has befallen Israel Ro 11:25; σωτηρία τῷ Ἰσραὴλ γεγένηται GJs 19:2; cp. Lk 19:9; διὰ τὴν ὀπτασίαν τὴν γενομένην Παύλῳ AcPl Ha 3, 15; ἐὰν γένηταί τινι ἀνθρώπῳ ἑκατὸν πρόβατα if a man has a hundred sheep Mt 18:12. τοῖς ἔξω ἐν παραβολαῖς τὰ πάντα γίνεται those outside receive everything in parables Mk 4:11. μήποτε γένηται ἀνταπόδομά σοι that you may receive no repayment Lk 14:12; cp. 19:9; J 15:7; 1 Cor 4:5.ⓒ w. gen. of pers. (Diod S 16, 64, 2 τὸν τῆς Ἑλένης γεγενημένον ὅρμον=the necklace that had belonged to Helen): ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κόσμου τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν the kingdom of the world has come into the possession of our Lord Rv 11:15.ⓓ γίνεταί τι ἐπί τινι someth. happens in the case of or to a person Mk 5:33 v.l.; ἐν v.l. This can also be expressed w. εἴς τινα Ac 28:6 or the double nom. τί ἄρα ὁ Πέτρος ἐγένετο what had become of Peter 12:18 (cp. Jos., Vi. 296 οἱ εἴκοσι χρυσοῖ τὶ γεγόνασιν).ⓔ w. inf. foll., to emphasize the actual occurrence of the action denoted by the verb: ἐὰν γένηται εὑρεῖν αὐτό if it comes about that he finds it= if he actually finds it Mt 18:13 (s. PCatt V, 19f [=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 372 V] ἐὰν γένηταί με ἀποδημεῖν; PAmh 135, 10; BGU 970, 5). ἐγένετο αὐτὸν παραπορεύεσθαι he happened to be passing Mk 2:23; cp. Lk 6:1, 6. ἐγένετο ἀνεῳχθῆναι τὸν οὐρανόν just then the heaven opened Lk 3:21; cp. 16:22 (ἐν τῷ ἀποθανεῖν P75); Ac 4:5; 9:3, 32, 37, 43; 11:26; 14:1; 16:16; 19:1; 21:1, 5; 22:6, 17; 27:44; 28:8 (UPZ 62, 29 [161 B.C.] γίνεται γὰρ ἐντραπῆναι).ⓕ καὶ ἐγένετο (ἐγένετο δέ) periphrastic like וַיְהִי with וַ foll. to indicate the progress of the narrative; it is followed either by a conjunction like ὅτε, ὡς etc., or a gen. abs., or a prepositional constr., and joined to it is a finite verb w. καί (Jdth 5:22; 10:1; Sus 19 Theod.; 1 Macc 1:1; 5:1; Gen 39:7, 13, 19; 42:35; JosAs 11:1; 22:1; AscIs 3:2) Mt 9:10; Mk 2:15 v.l.; Lk 2:15; 5:1, 12, 17; 8:1, 22; 14:1.—Without the second καί (Jdth 2:4; 12:10; 13:12; 1 Macc 6:8; 7:2 v.l.; 9:23; Sus 28 Theod.; Bel 18 Theod.; TestAbr B 1 p. 105, 1 [Stone p. 58] and 6 p. 109, 27 [Stone p. 66]; TestJob 31:1; JosAs 1:1; 3:1) Mt 7:28; 11:1; 13:53; 19:1; 26:1; Mk 1:9; 4:4; Lk 1:8, 23, 41, 59; 2:1, 6, 46; 6:12 al. At times it is followed by an inf. The phrase is usually omitted in translation; older versions transl. it came to pass.—Mlt. 16f; MJohannessohn, Das bibl. καὶ ἐγένετο u. s. Geschichte: ZVS 53, 1926, 161–212 (LXX); s. MDibelius, Gnomon 3, 1927, 446–50; HPernot, Études sur la langue des Évangiles 1927, 189–99; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT, ’62, 29–62; JReiling, BT 16, ’65, 153–63; EDelebecque, Études grecques sur l’Évangile de Luc ’76, 123–65.⑤ to experience a change in nature and so indicate entry into a new condition, become someth.ⓐ w. nouns (Lamellae Aur. Orphicae ed. AOlivieri 1915, p. 16, 5 θεὸς ἐγένου ἐξ ἀνθρώπου [IV/III]; Arrian, Anab. 5, 26, 5; Sir 51:2; 1 Esdr 4:26; Wsd 8:2; 4 Macc 16:6; En 103:11; Tat. 19, 2 τοῦ θανάτου καταφρονηταὶ γίνεσθε): ὅπως γένησθε υἱοὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν that you may become sons of your father Mt 5:45; ποιήσω ὑμᾶς γενέσθαι ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων I will turn you into fishers of people Mk 1:17; a traitor Lk 6:16; friends 23:12 (cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 121); children of God J 1:12; children of light 12:36; a Christian Ac 26:29; apostle AcPlCor 2:4; a father Ro 4:18; a fool 1 Cor 3:18; a spectacle 4:9; a man, an adult 13:11 (Tob 1:9); a curse Gal 3:13. οὐχ ἑαυτὸν ἐδόξασεν γενηθῆναι ἀρχιερέα he did not exalt himself to be made high priest Hb 5:5; ἐγένετο ἀντὶ αὐτοῦ Σαμουήλ Samuel became (high priest) in his place GJs 10:2. W. double nom. (Ps.-Apollod., Epit. 3, 15 δράκων λίθος ἐγένετο; Quint. Smyrn. 12, 507; Bel 28; 4 Macc 18:7) οἱ λίθοι ἄρτοι γίνονται the stones turn into loaves Mt 4:3. τὸ αἵμα αὐτοῦ λίθον γεγενημένον GJs 24:3. ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο J 1:14 (the reverse PBerl 13044, col. III, 28ff [UWilcken, SBBerlAk 1923, 161f] τί ποιῶν ἄν τις γένοιτο θεός;). τὸ ὕδωρ γενήσεται πηγή 4:14. ἡ περιτομὴ ἀκροβυστία γέγονεν Ro 2:25. ἐγενόμην ἐγὼ διάκονος I became a courier Col 1:23 (cp. Herodian 2, 6, 8 ἀνὴρ ἔπαρχος γενόμενος).—Also γ. εἴς τι (Menand., Peric. 49f Kö. [169f S.] τὸ κακὸν εἰς ἀγαθὸν ῥέπει γινόμενον; 1 Km 4:9; Jdth 5:18; 1 Macc 2:11, 43; 3:58; En 19:2 al.; B-D-F §145, 1): ἐγένετο εἰς δένδρον it became a tree Lk 13:19; εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17; Ac 4:11; 1 Pt 2:7 (all in ref. to Ps 117:22); εἰς χαρὰν γ. change (or, turn) into joy J 16:20. εἰς οὐδέν come to nothing Ac 5:36. εἰς παγίδα Ro 11:9 (Ps 68:23); εἰς κενὸν γ. be done in vain 1 Th 3:5. εἰς ἄψινθον Rv 8:11. Cp. AcPl Ha 6, 6. Also w. γίνεσθαι omitted: εἰς κατάκριμα (sc. ἐγένετο τὸ κρίμα) Ro 5:18.ⓑ used w. an adj. to paraphrase the passive (Jdth 11:11; 1 Esdr 7:3; 2 Macc 3:34; Sus 64 Theod.; En 103:9; Ath. 37, 1 πάντων ὑποχειρίων γιγνομένων): ἁπαλὸν γ. become tender Mt 24:32; Mk 13:28; ἀπειθῆ γ. Ac 26:19; ἀποσυνάγωγον γ. be expelled fr. the synagogue J 12:42; ἄφαντον γ. disappear Lk 24:31; σκωληκόβρωτον γ. be eaten by worms Ac 12:23; γνωστόν, φανερὸν γ. become known (Just., A I, 63, 6) Mk 6:14; Ac 1:19; 9:42; 19:17; 1 Cor 3:13; 14:25; Phil 1:13; δόκιμον γ. pass the test Js 1:12; ἑδραῖον γ. 1 Cor 15:58; ἔκδηλον γ. 2 Ti 3:9; AcPlCor 1:16; ἔξυπνον γ. Ac 16:27 (1 Esdr 3:3=Jos., Ant. 11:34); s. ἀπόπληκτος, ἐλεύθερος, ἐμφανής, ἔμφοβος, ἐνεργής, ἔντρομος, καθαρός, μέγας, περιδάκρυτος, περικρατής, πλήρης, πρηνής, τυφλός, ὑγιής, ὑπήκοος, ὑπόδικος, φανερός 1.ⓒ w. ἐν of a state of being (Stoic. III 221, 16; Diod S 20, 62, 4 ἐν ἀνέσει γ.; Plut., Tit. Flam. 378 [16, 1] ἐν ὀργῇ γ.; Lucian, Tim. 28; PPetr II, 20; III, 12 [252 B.C.] ἐν ἐπισχέσει γ.; BGU 5 II, 19 ἐν νόσῳ; POxy 471 IV, 77f; 4 Km 9:20; 1 Macc 1:27 v.l.; Sus 8 Theod.; Jos., Bell. 1, 320, Ant. 16, 372; Mel., P. 18 ἐν πόνοις … ἐν πληγαῖς etc.) ἐν ἀγωνίᾳ Lk 22:44. ἐν ἐκστάσει Ac 22:17. ἐν πνεύματι under the Spirit’s influence Rv 1:10; 4:2; AcPl Ha 6, 28. ἐν ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων be like human beings Phil 2:7. ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ, φόβῳ, τρόμῳ 1 Cor 2:3. ἐν δόξῃ 2 Cor 3:7. ἐν ἑαυτῷ γ. come to one’s senses (Soph., Phil. 950; X., An. 1, 5, 17; Polyb. 1, 49, 8; Chariton 3, 9, 11) Ac 12:11; γ. ἐν Χριστῷ be a Christian Ro 16:7. Cp. 7 below.⑥ to make a change of location in space, moveⓐ εἴς τι (Hdt. 5, 87 al.; Philo, Op. M. 86; 2 Macc 1:13; also ἐν: Just., A II, 9, 3 ἐγενόμεθα ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ τόπω): εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα γ. (Jos., Ant. 10, 42) Ac 20:16; 21:17; 25:15. εἰς τὸν ἀγρόν Hv 3, 1, 4. Of a voice: ἐγένετο εἰς τὰ ὦτά μου reached my ear Lk 1:44. Fig. (cp. Bar 4:28) of Abraham’s blessing εἰς τὰ ἔθνη come to the Gentiles Gal 3:14; cp. 2 Cor 8:14 (s. περίσσευμα 1, ὑστέρημα 1).ⓑ ἔκ τινος (Job 28:2): γ. ἐκ μέσου be removed, Lat. e medio tolli (cp. Ps.-Aeschin., Ep. 12, 6 ἐκ μέσου γενομένων ἐκείνων; Plut., Timol. 238 [5, 3]; Achilles Tat. 2, 27, 2) 2 Th 2:7 (HFulford, ET 23, 1912, 40f: ‘leave the scene’). Of a voice fr. heaven: ἐκ τ. οὐρανῶν γ. sound forth fr. heaven (2 Macc 2:21; cp. Da 4:31 Theod.) Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; 9:35; cp. vs. 36.ⓒ ἐπί τι: ἐπὶ τὸ μνημεῖον go to the tomb Lk 24:22; ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀναβαθμούς when he was at the steps Ac 21:35. Of fear that befalls someone (2 Macc 12:22) Lk 1:65; 4:36; Ac 5:5. Of ulcers: break out on someone Rv 16:2 (Ex 9:10f). Of divine commands: go out to someone Lk 3:2. ἐπί is somet. used w. the gen. (Appian, Liby. 93 §440; Alex. Aphr., Mixt. II 2 p. 213, 21) instead of the acc.: γενόμενος ἐπὶ τοῦ τόπου when he had arrived at the place 22:40 (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 327, 18 ἐπὶ τ. τόπων γινόμενος).—J 6:21.ⓓ w. κατά and gen. of place: τὸ γενόμενον ῥῆμα καθʼ ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας the message that has spread throughout all Judea Ac 10:37. W. acc. of place (X., Cyr. 7, 1, 15; Apollon. Paradox. 3 κατὰ τόπους γ.; Jos., Ant. I, 174; cp. 2 Macc 9:8): γενόμενος κατὰ τὸν τόπον Lk 10:32; γενόμενοι κατὰ τὴν Κνίδον Ac 27:7.ⓔ w. πρός and acc. of the direction and goal (PLond III, 962, 1 p. 210 [III A.D.] γενοῦ πρὸς Ἄταϊν τὸν ποιμένα; PFlor 180, 45) 1 Cor 2:3; 2J 12. Of divine instructions be given to someone (Gen 15:1, 4; Jer 1:2, 11; 13:8; Ezk 6:1; Hos 1:1; cp. ἐπί w. acc.) J 10:35; Ac 7:31 v.l.; 10:13; 13:32.ⓕ w. σύν and the dat. join someone (X., Cyr. 5, 3, 8; 2 Macc 13:13) Lk 2:13.ⓖ w. ἐγγύς (X., An. 1, 8, 8, Cyr. 7, 1, 7; cp. γίν. πλησίον Philo, Mos. 1, 228; Jos., Ant. 4, 40): ἐγγὺς τοῦ πλοίου γίνεσθαι come close to the boat J 6:19. Fig. of the relation of believers to Christ: come near Eph 2:13.ⓗ w. ὧδε come here J 6:25;ⓘ ἔμπροσθέν τινος γ. J 1:15, 30 s. on ἔμπροσθεν 1bζ and ὀπίσω 2b.⑦ to come into a certain state or possess certain characteristics, to be, prove to be, turn out to be (on relation to the forms of εἰμί [here and in 8–10] s. ALink, StKr 69, 1896, 420ff). Used w. the nom. (Wsd 16:3; Jdth 16:21; Sir 31:22; 1 Macc 3:58) γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι be prudent Mt 10:16. ἄκαρπος γίνεται 13:22; Mk 4:19.—W. other words: vs. 22; 9:50; Lk 1:2; 2:2; 6:36 and very oft. Freq. the dat. of advantage (dat. commodi) is added (1 Macc 10:47; 2 Macc 7:37; 4 Macc 6:28; 12:17): ἀγαπητόν τινι γ. be dear to someone 1 Th 2:8. ἀπρόσκοπον γ. τινι be inoffensive to someone 1 Cor 10:32; γ. τινι μαθητήν J 15:8; μισθαποδότην γ. τινι be a rewarder of someone Hb 11:6; γ. ὁδηγόν τινι Ac 1:16. Cp. παρηγορία, σημεῖον, τύπος.—γ. ὁμοθυμαδόν come together in unanimity or reach unanimity Ac 15:25.—τὶ γίνεταί τινί τι a thing results in someth. for someone τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἐμοὶ ἐγ. θάνατος; Ro 7:13. ἡ ἐξουσία πρόσκομμα τοῖς ἀσθενέσιν 1 Cor 8:9.—γίνομαι ὡς, ὥσπερ, ὡσεί τις (Ps 21:15; 31:9; 37:15; 82:11; 87:5 al.) be, become, show oneself like Mt 6:16; 10:25; 18:3; 28:4; Lk 22:26, 44; 1 Cor 4:13; 9:20f; Gal 4:12. καθὼς ἐγένετο … οὕτως ἔσται as it was … so it will be Lk 17:26, 28. οὐ χρὴ ταῦτα οὕτως γίνεσθαι this should not be so Js 3:10. ὁσίως καὶ δικαίως καὶ ἀμέμπτως ὑμῖν ἐγενήθημεν we proved/showed ourselves … toward you 1 Th 2:10.—In statements pert. to age (Aristoxenus, Fgm. 16 γεγονότα [sc. τὸν Πυθαγόραν] ἐτῶν τεσσαράκοντα; Demetr. of Phaleron [IV–III B.C.], Fgm. 153 Wehrli [’49]; Demetr: 722 Fgm. 1, 1 Jac.; Jos., Ant. 10, 50) ἐτῶν δώδεκα Lk 2:42; cp. 1 Ti 5:9.—Here prob. also belongs ἐγένετο γνώμης he decided Ac 20:3 (cp. Plut., Phoc. 752 [23, 4] ἐλπίδος μεγάλης γ.; Cass. Dio 61, 14 τ. ἐπιθυμίας γ.; Jos., Bell. 6, 287).⑧ to be present at a given time, be there ([Ps.-]Jos., Ant. 18, 63) Mk 1:4; J 1:6, hence exist (Diod S 3, 52, 4 γέγονε γένη γυναικῶν=there have been nations of women; Appian, Maced. 18 §3 τὸ χρυσίον τὸ γιγνόμενον=the gold that was at hand; Bar 3:26; 2 Macc 10:24) Ro 11:5; 1J 2:18. ἐγένετο there lived Lk 1:5. ἔν τινι 2 Pt 2:1. ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς Rv 16:18 (Da 12:1 Theod.).⑨ to be closely related to someone or someth., belong toⓐ gen. of the possessor (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 79 §336 a slave γεγένητο Πομπηίου=had belonged to Pompey: B-D-F §162, 7) belong to someone Lk 20:14, 33 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 83 §350 γυνὴ Κράσσου γεγενημένη=who had been the wife of [the younger] Crassus).ⓑ w. dat. of pers. belong to someone (PPetr II, 40b, 7 [277 B.C.]; O. Wilck II, 1530, 2f [120 B.C.] τὸ γινόμενόν μοι=what belongs to me) of a woman ἀνδρὶ ἑτέρῳ Ro 7:3f (cp. Ruth 1:12f; Dt 24:2).ⓒ w. prep. μετά τινος (Josh 2:19) Ac 9:19; 20:18. οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ γενόμενοι his intimate friends Mk 16:10. πρός τινα be w. someone 1 Cor 16:10 ( make him [Timothy] feel quite at home with you Mft.) ὑπό τινα be under the authority of someone or someth. (1 Macc 10:38) Gal 4:4.ⓓ Here perh. belongs ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως οὐ γίνεται it is not a matter of private interpretation 2 Pt 1:20.⑩ to be in or at a place, be in, be thereⓐ ἔν τινι to designate one’s present or future place of residence (X., An. 4, 3, 29; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 4 §15 Ἀντώνιος ἐν Ἐφέσῳ γενόμενος; Aelian, VH 4, 15; Herodian 2, 2, 5; POxy 283, 11; 709, 6 ἐν Μένφει γενόμενος; PTebt 416, 3; BGU 731 II, 6 ἐν οἰκίᾳ μου; Num 11:35; Judg 17:4; 1 Ch 14:17; Jdth 5:7 al. Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 18 Jac.) Mt 26:6; Mk 9:33; Ac 7:38; 13:5; 2 Ti 1:17; Rv 1:9; AcPl Ha 7, 23.ⓑ w. adv.: ἐκεῖ (X., An. 6, 5, 20; 3 Km 8:8 v.l.; Jos., Ant. 10, 180) Ac 19:21. κατὰ μόνας Mk 4:10.—B. 637. DELG s.v. γίγνομαι. M-M. TW. -
6 παρά
παρά (Hom.+. On elision s. B-D-F §17; Rob. 208) prep. w. three cases (Kühner-G. §440; Schwyzer II 491–98; B-D-F §236–38; Rob. 612–16. Further lit. s.v. ἀνά, beg.; also HRau, De praepositionis παρά usu: GCurtius, Studien etc. III 1870).A. W. gen., which nearly always as in Hom., Hdt., Pla., X. et al. denotes a pers., and indicates that someth. proceeds fr. this pers. (Hs 2:3 is an exception):① marker of extension from the side of, from (the side of) w. local sense preserved, used w. verbs of coming, going, sending, originating, going out, etc. (TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 30 [Stone p. 4] παρὰ τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως ἀπεστάλην; Lucian, Demon. 13 ἀπιὼν παρʼ αὐτοῦ) ἐκπορεύεσθαι J 15:26b. ἐξέρχεσθαι 16:27; 17:8; Lk 2:1; 6:19. ἔρχεσθαι 8:49. παραγίνεσθαι Mk 14:43. πέμπειν τινὰ παρά τινος J 15:26a. πνεύματος ἁγίου … παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἀποσταλέντος εἰς αὐτήν (=Μαρίαν) AcPlCor 2:5. εἶναι παρά τινος be from someone (cp. Job 21:2, 9) J 6:46; 7:29; 9:16, 33; 17:7.② marker of one who originates or directs, from (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 100 §420 παρὰ τ. θεῶν; TestJob 38:8 παρὰ θεοῦ) παρὰ κυρίου ἐγένετο αὕτη this was the Lord’s doing Mt 21:42; Mk 12:11 (both Ps 117:23). W. a double negative: οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει παρὰ τ. θεοῦ πᾶν ῥῆμα (s. ἀδυνατέω) Lk 1:37. τὰ λελαλημένα αὐτῇ παρὰ κυρίου what was said to her (by the angel) at the Lord’s command vs. 45. ἀπεσταλμένος παρὰ θεοῦ John the Baptist was not, like Jesus, sent out fr. the very presence of God, but one whose coming was brought about by God J 1:6 (cp. 2 Macc 11:17). παρʼ ἑαυτῆς φέρει καρπὸν καὶ παρὰ τῆς πτελέας it (i.e. the vine) bears fruit which comes both from itself and from the elm Hs 2:3. On 2 Pt 2:11 s. κρίσις 1bβ.③ marker of the point fr. which an action originates, fromⓐ after verbsα. of asking, demanding αἰτεῖν and αἰτεῖσθαι (cp. X., An. 1, 3, 16, Hell. 3, 1, 4; SIG 785, 9f; PFay 121, 12ff; Tob 4:19 BA al.; LXX; TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 2 [Stone p. 22]; TestJob 20:2; ParJer 7:14; Jos., Ant. 15, 92) Mt 20:20 v.l. (for ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ); J 4:9; Ac 3:2; 9:2; Js 1:5; 1J 5:15 v.l. (for ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ); 1 Cl 36:4 (Ps 2:8); Hm 9:2, 4; Dg 1. ζητεῖν (Tob 4:18; Sir 7:4; cp. 1 Macc 7:13) Mk 8:11; Lk 11:16; 12:48.β. of taking, accepting, receiving λαμβάνειν (class.; Appian, Mithrid. 88 §397; SIG 546 B, 23 [III B.C.]; Jdth 12:15; Sus 55 Theod.; 1 Macc 8:8; 11:34; 4 Macc 12:11; TestJob 11:5; JosAs 24:11; Just., A I, 39, 5 al.) Mk 12:2; Lk 6:34; J 5:34, 41, 44; 10:18; Ac 2:33; 3:5; 17:9; 20:24; 26:10 (Jos., Ant. 14, 167 λαβὼν ἐξουσίαν παρά σου [= τ. ἀρχιερέως]; 11, 169); Js 1:7; 2 Pt 1:17; 2J 4; Rv 2:28; Hs 1:8; 8, 3, 5; GJs 20, 2 codices. ἀπολαμβάνειν (SIG 150, 19f [restored text; IV B.C.]; 4 Macc 18:23) Hv 5:7. παραλαμβάνειν (Hdt. et al.; oft. ins; POxy 504, 14 al. in pap) Gal 1:12; 1 Th 2:13; 4:1; 2 Th 3:6. δέχεσθαι (Thu. 1, 20, 1 et al.; 1 Macc 15:20; TestJob 11:12; cp. διαδέχεσθαι Ath. 37, 1) Ac 22:5; Phil 4:18a. κομίζεσθαι (SIG 244 I, 5ff [IV B.C.]; Gen 38:20; 2 Macc 7:11; Ath. 12, 1) Eph 6:8. εὑρεῖν (SIG 537, 69; 1099, 28; cp. εὑρίσκω 3, end) 2 Ti 1:18. ἔχειν τι παρά τινος have received someth. fr. someone (1 Esdr 6:5) Ac 9:14; cp. Hv 3, 9, 8. γίνεταί μοί τι παρά τινος I receive someth. from someone (Att.) Mt 18:19. ἔσται μεθʼ ἡμῶν χάρις … παρὰ θεοῦ πατρὸς καὶ παρὰ Ἰησοῦ 2J 3 (cp. X., An. 7, 2, 25). οἱ πιστευθέντες παρὰ θεοῦ ἔργον those who were entrusted by God with a task 1 Cl 43:1 (cp. Polyb. 3, 69, 1; SIG 1207, 12f). παρὰ τοῦ κυρίου πλουτίζεσθαι receive one’s wealth fr. the Lord Hs 2:10.—Sim. in the case of a purchase the seller is introduced by παρά: buy fr. someone ἀγοράζειν (s. ἀγοράζω 1, end) Rv 3:18. ὠνεῖσθαι Ac 7:16. ἄρτον φαγεῖν παρά τινος receive support from someone 2 Th 3:8.γ. of learning, coming to know, hearing, asking ἀκούειν (s. ἀκούω 1bβ and 3) J 1:40; 6:45; 7:51; 8:26, 40; 15:15; Ac 10:22; 28:22; 2 Ti 1:13; 2:2; AcPlCor 1:6; ἀκριβοῦν Mt 2:7, 16. ἐξακριβάζεσθαι Hm 4, 2, 3. ἐπιγινώσκειν Ac 24:8. μανθάνειν (since Aeschyl., Ag. 858; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 176; Sir 8:8f; 2 Macc 7:2 v.l.; 3 Macc 1:1; Just., A I, 23, 1 and D. 78, 1 al.; Ath. 7, 2; 22, 8) 2 Ti 3:14. πυνθάνεσθαι (Hdt. 3, 68; X., Cyr. 1, 6, 23; Pla., Rep. 5, 476e; SIG 1169, 30; 2 Ch 32:31) Mt 2:4; J 4:52 (without παρά v.l.); B 13:2 (Gen 25:22).ⓑ w. adjectival function ὁ, ἡ, τὸ παρά τινος made, given, etc., by someoneα. w. a noun (funct. as a gen.: Pla., Symp. 197e ὁ παρά τινος λόγος ‘the expression made by someone’; X., Hell. 3, 1, 6 δῶρον παρὰ βασιλέως, Mem. 2, 2, 12 ἡ παρά τινος εὔνοια, Cyr. 5, 5, 13 τὸ παρʼ ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα ‘the crime committed by me’; Polyb. 3, 69, 3 ἡ παρʼ αὐτοῦ σωτηρία; Polyaenus 3, 9, 28 ἡ παρὰ στρατηγοῦ ἀρετή; SIG 543, 27; Ex 4:20; 14:13; Philo, Plant. 14; Jos., Ant. 12, 400; Just., A I, 32, 8 and D. 92, 1 al.; Ath. 7, 1) ἡ παρʼ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη Ro 11:27 (Is 59:21).—Ac 26:12 v.l.; 22 v.l.β. w. subst. functionא. τὰ παρά τινος what someone gives, someone’s gifts (X., Mem. 3, 11, 13; Jos., Bell. 2, 124, Ant. 8, 175; Tat. 32, 1 τὰ παρὰ θεοῦ) Lk 10:7; Phil 4:18b. τὰ παρʼ αὐτῆς her property, what she had Mk 5:26 (cp. IPriene 111, 177). τὰ παρὰ ζώσης καὶ μενούσης (the help that I received) from a living, contemporary voice Papias (2:4).ב. οἱ παρά τινος someone’s envoys (οἱ παρὰ βασιλέω πρέσβει X., Hell. 1, 3, 9; oft. in ins.: see, e.g., OGI 5, 50 from Ptolemy; the full expression οἱ παρʼ ὑμῶν πρεσβείς OGI 8 VI, 108–9; Schwyzer II 498; B-D-F §237, 2) οἱ παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως (1 Macc 2:15; 1 Esdr 1:15) 1 Cl 12:4.—The Koine also uses this expr. to denote others who are intimately connected w. someone, e.g. family, relatives (PGrenf II, 36, 9 [II B.C.]; POxy 805 [I B.C.]; 298, 37 [I A.D.]; CPR I, 179, 16; 187, 7; Sb 5238, 19 [I A.D.]; Sus 33; 1 Macc 13:52; Jos., Ant. 1, 193. Further exx. fr. pap in Mlt. 106f; Rossberg [s. ἀνά, beg.] 52) Mk 3:21 (s. CBruston/PFarel: RTQR 18, 1909, 82–93; AWabnitz, ibid. 221–25; SMonteil, ibid. 19, 1910, 317–25; JMoulton, Mk 3:21: ET 20, 1909, 476; GHartmann, Mk 3:20f: BZ 11, 1913, 248–79; FZorell, Zu Mk 3:20, 21: ZKT 37, 1913, 695–7; JBelser, Zu Mk 3:20f: TQ 98, 1916, 401–18; Rdm.2 141; 227.—S. also at ἐξίστημι 2a).B. w. dat., the case that exhibits close association① marker of nearness in space, at/by (the side of), beside, near, with, acc. to the standpoint fr. which the relationship is viewedⓐ near, besideα. w. things (Synes., Ep. 126 p. 262a; Kaibel 703, 1; POxy 120, 23; 2 Km 10:8; 11:9; Jos., Ant. 1, 196) εἱστήκεισαν παρὰ τῷ σταυρῷ J 19:25. κεῖσθαι παρὰ τῷ πύργῳ Hv 3, 5, 5.ⓑ in (someone’s) house, city, company, etc. (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 5 al. παρὰ Λάβαν)α. house: ἀριστᾶν Lk 11:37. καταλύειν 19:7 (Pla., Gorg. 447b; Demosth. 18, 82). μένειν (JosAs 20:8; Jos., Ant. 1, 298; 299) J 1:39; Ac 9:43; 18:3; 21:8. ξενίζεσθαι 10:6; 21:16 (ξενίζω 1). So prob. also ἕκαστος παρʼ ἑαυτῷ each one at home 1 Cor 16:2 (cp. Philo, Cher. 48 παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς, Leg. ad Gai. 271). ὸ̔ν ἀπέλιπον ἐν Τρῳάδι παρὰ Κάρπῳ 2 Ti 4:13.β. city: Rv 2:13. So prob. also ἦσαν παρʼ ἡμῖν ἑπτὰ ἀδελφοί Mt 22:25.—J 4:40; Col 4:16 (where the congregation at Laodicea is contrasted w. the one at Col.).γ. other uses: παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις among Judeans Mt 28:15. παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπιμεῖναι remain with them Ac 28:14; cp. 21:7. οἱ παρʼ ὑμῖν πρεσβύτεροι the elders among you 1 Cl 1:3.—παρὰ τῷ πατρί with (of spatial proximity) the Father Mt 6:1; J 8:38a; cp. 17:5 (Synes., Kingship 29 p. 31d: philosophy has her abode παρὰ τῷ θεῷ and if the world refuses to receive her when she descends to earth, μένει παρὰ τῷ πατρί). Of Jesus: παρʼ ὑμῖν μένων while I was with you (on earth) J 14:25. Of the Spirit: παρʼ ὑμῖν μένει vs. 17. Of the Father and Son in their relation to the faithful Christian: μονὴν παρʼ αὐτῷ ποιησόμεθα we will take up our abode with him vs. 23.δ. fig. παρά τινι before someone’s judgment seat (Demosth. 18, 13 εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι παρά τινι; Appian, Maced. 11 §8 παρʼ ὑμῖν ἐς κρίσιν) 2 Pt 2:11 v.l. Closely related is② marker of one whose viewpoint is relevant, in the sight or judgment of someone (Soph., Hdt.; PSI 435, 19 [258 B.C.] παρὰ τῷ βασιλεῖ) παρὰ τῷ θεῷ: δίκαιος παρὰ τῷ θεῷ righteous in the sight of God Ro 2:13 (cp. Job 9:2; Jos., Ant. 6, 205; Ath. 31, 2 εὐδοξοῦμεν … παρὰ τῷ θεῷ).—Cp. 1 Cor 3:19; Gal 3:11; 2 Th 1:6; Js 1:27; 1 Pt 2:4; 2 Pt 3:8. θυσία δεκτὴ παρὰ τῷ θεῷ Hs 5, 3, 8. ἔνδοξος παρὰ τῷ θεῷ m 2:6; Hs 5, 3, 3; 8, 10, 1; 9, 27, 3; 9, 28, 3; 9, 29, 3.—9, 7, 6.—Acc. to the judgment of humans (Jos., Ant. 7, 84; Just., A I, 20, 3) 8, 9, 1. τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρʼ ὑμῖν; Ac 26:8. ἵνα μὴ ἦτε παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς φρόνιμοι Ro 11:25; cp. 12:16 (s. Pr 3:7 μὴ ἴσθι φρόνιμος παρὰ σεαυτῷ).—‘In the judgment’ passes over into a simpler with (PsSol 9:5 παρὰ κυρίῳ; Jos. Himerius, Or. 8 [=23], 10 παρὰ θεοῖς=with the gods) εὑρεῖν χάριν παρά τινι find favor with someone (Ex 33:16; cp. Num 11:15) Lk 1:30; Hs 5, 2, 10. τοῦτο χάρις παρὰ θεῷ 1 Pt 2:20. χάριν ἔχειν (Ex 33:12) m 5, 1, 5. προέκοπτεν ἐν τῇ χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:52. τί ταπεινοφροσύνη παρὰ θεῷ ἰσχύει, τί ἀγάπη ἁγνὴ παρά θεῷ δύναται how strong humility is before God, what pure love before God can do 1 Cl 21:8.③ marker of personal reference, at the side of, with almost equivalent to the dat. as such (Ps 75:13): δυνατόν or ἀδύνατον παρά τινι possible or impossible for someone (Gen 18:14; Just., A I, 33, 2; Ath., R. 9 p. 58, 6) Mt 19:26ab; Mk 10:27abc; Lk 1:37 v.l.; 18:27ab; 1 Cl 27:2.—AFridrichsen, SymbOsl 14, ’35, 44–46. Closely related in mng. is④ marker of connection of a quality or characteristic w. a pers., with (οὐκ) ἔστιν τι παρά τινι someth. is (not) with or in someone, someone has someth. (nothing) to do w. someth. (Demosth. 18, 277 εἰ ἔστι καὶ παρʼ ἐμοί τις ἐμπειρία; Gen 24:25; Job 12:13; Ps 129:4 παρὰ σοι ὁ ἱλασμός ἐστιν; Just., D. 82, 1 παρὰ … ἡμῖν … χαρίσματα) οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολημψία παρὰ τ. θεῷ Ro 2:11 (TestJob 43, 13). Cp. 9:14; Eph 6:9; Js 1:17. Sim. Mt 8:10; 2 Cor 1:17.⑤ marker of a relationship w. a narrow focus, among, before παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς among themselves (Philo, Cher. 48) διαλογίζεσθαι Mt 21:25 v.l. (cp. Demosth. 10, 17 γιγνώσκειν παρʼ αὑτῷ; Epict., Ench. 48, 2).—In ἐν τούτῳ μενέτω παρὰ θεῷ 1 Cor 7:24, the mng. of παρὰ θεῷ is not certain: let the pers. remain in that position (the same one in which he was when called to salvation) before God; it is prob. meant to remind Christians of the One before whom they cannot even have the appearance of inferiority (ins: Mitt-Wilck, I/2, 4, 4 [13 B.C.] παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Ἑρμῇ=‘before, in the sight of’; Sb 7616 [II A.D.] τὸ προσκύνημά σου ποιῶ παρὰ τῷ κυρίῳ Σαράπι=‘before the Lord’ S.; 7661, 3 [c. 100 A.D.]; 7932, 7992, 6 [letter II/III A.D.]). Or perh. it simply means that no matter what the situation may be, one is to be focused on God.C. w. acc. of pers. or thing① marker of a position viewed as extended (w. no difference whether παρά answers the question ‘where?’ or ‘whither?’ See B-D-F §236, 1; Rob. 615).ⓐ by, along περιπατεῖν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν (Pla., Gorg. 511e. Cp. SIG 1182; Jos., Ant. 2, 81) Mt 4:18; cp. Mk 1:16.α. παρὰ (τὴν) θάλασσαν by the sea (or lake) , at the shore Mt 13:1; Mk 4:1; 5:21; Ac 10:6, 32; cp. Lk 5:1, 2. παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν by the side of the road (X., An. 1, 2, 13; Plut., Lysander 450 [29, 4] a tomb παρὰ τ. ὁδόν=beside the road) Mt 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35 (but on the road is also poss. in these three places; s. d below).β. παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν to (the side of) the sea (lake) Mt 15:29; Mk 2:13. παρὰ ποταμόν to the river Ac 16:13.ⓒ gener. near, at παρὰ τοὺς πόδας τινός at someone’s feet (sit, fall, place etc.; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 16 [Stone p. 44]) Mt 15:30; Lk 7:38; 8:35, 41; 10:39 v.l.; 17:16; Ac 4:35, 37 v.l.; 5:2; 7:58; 22:3 (s. ET 30, 1919, 39f). παρὰ τὸν πὺργον beside the tower Hs 9, 4, 8; 9, 6, 5; 8; 9, 7, 1; 9, 11, 6.—παρὰ τὴν ἰτέαν 8, 1, 2 (cp. TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 10 [Stone p. 14] παρὰ τὴν δρῦν τὴν Μαμβρῆ).ⓓ on παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν on the road (w. motion implied; Aesop, Fab. 226 P.=420 H.: πεσὼν παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν; Phot., Bibl. 94 p. 74b on Iambl. Erot. [Hercher I p. 222, 22] πίπτουσι παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν) Mt 13:4, 19; Mk 4:4; Lk 8:5; on the road (w. no motion implied; Theophr., HP 6, 6, 10: the crocus likes to be trodden under foot, διὸ καὶ παρὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς κάλλιστος; Phot. p. 222, 29 H. [s. above]) Mk 4:15; Lk 8:12. Perh. also Mt 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35 (s. bα above).—παρὰ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης on the seashore Hb 11:12 (TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 1 [Stone p. 4]; ApcEsdr 3:10; ApcSed 8:9).② marker of extension in time, during, from … to (Lucian, Catapl. 24 παρὰ τ. βίον=during his life; POxy 472, 10; TestAbr A 20 p. 102, 26 [Stone p. 52] παρὰ μίαν ὥραν; Tat. 14, 2 παρʼ ὸ̔ν ἔζων χρόνον) παρʼ ἐνιαυτόν from year to year (Plut., Cleom. 15, 1; cp. ἐνιαυτός 1) B 10:7.③ marker of comparative advantage, in comparison to, more than, beyond ἁμαρτωλοί, ὀφειλέται π. πάντας Lk 13:2, 4 (PSI 317, 6 [95 A.D.] παρὰ πάντας; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 234 παρὰ τ. ἄλλους ἅπαντας; JosAs 10:6 παρὰ πάσας τὰς παρθένους; Just., A I, 20, 3 παρὰ πάντας ἀδίκως μισούμεθα). κρίνειν ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν (s. κρίνω 1) Ro 14:5. π. πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν B 11:9 (prophetic quot. of unknown orig.). π. πάντα τὰ πνεύματα more than all other spirits Hm 10, 1, 2. ἐλαττοῦν τινα π. τινα make someone inferior to someone Hb 2:7, 9 (s. ἐλαττόω 1 and cp. PGrenf I, 42, 12 [II B.C.] ἐλαττουμένων ἡμῶν παρὰ τοὺς δεῖνα). εἶδος ἐκλεῖπον π. τὸ εἶδος τῶν ἀνθρώπων (s. ἐκλείπω 4) 1 Cl 16:3.—After a comp. (Thu. 1, 23, 3; ApcEsdr 1:22; Tat. 2, 2) Lk 3:13; Hb 1:4; 3:3; 9:23; 11:4; 12:24; B 4:5 (cp. Da 7:7); Hv 3, 12, 1; Hs 9, 18, 2.—When a comparison is made, one member of it may receive so little attention as to pass fr. consideration entirely, so that ‘more than’ becomes instead of, rather than, to the exclusion of (Plut., Mor. 984c; PsSol 9:9; EpArist 134; Just., A I, 22, 2) λατρεύειν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα serve the creation rather than the Creator Ro 1:25 (cp. EpArist 139: the Jews worship τὸν μόνον θεὸν παρʼ ὅλην τὴν κτίσιν). δεδικαιωμένος παρʼ ἐκεῖνον justified rather than the other Lk 18:14. ἔχρισέν σε … παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους (God) has anointed you and not your comrades Hb 1:9 (Ps 44:8). ὑπερφρονεῖν παρʼ ὸ̔ δεῖ φρονεῖν Ro 12:3 (Plut., Mor. 83f παρʼ ὸ̔ δεῖ). παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας Hb 11:11 (Plut., Rom. 25, 6 παρʼ ἡλικίαν; cp. ἡλικία 2a).—παρὰ δύναμιν beyond their means (s. δύναμις 2) 2 Cor 8:3.—After ἄλλος (Pla., Lach. 178b, Leg. 3, 693b; X., Hell. 1, 5, 5; Demosth. 18, 235) another than 1 Cor 3:11.④ marker of degree that falls slightly short in comparison, except for, almost παρὰ μικρόν except for a little, almost (s. μικρός 1eγ) Hs 8, 1, 14. Likew. παρά τι (cp. Vett. Val. 228, 6) Lk 5:7 D; Hs 9, 19, 3.⑤ marker of causality, because of (cp. Pind., O. 2, 65 κενεὰν παρὰ δίαιταν ‘in the interest of’ or ‘for the sake of a scanty livelihood’, the scantiness here contrasting with the immense labor involved; Demosth. 4, 11; 9, 2; PRyl 243, 6; POxy 1420, 7) παρὰ τό w. acc. foll. because (SIG 495, 130; UPZ 7, 13 [163 B.C.] παρὰ τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι.—Mayser II/1, 1926, 331; Gen 29:20; Ex 14:11) 1 Cl 39:5f (Job 4:20f). π. τοῦτο because of this (Kühner-G. I 513, 3; Synes., Ep. 44 p. 185a; 57 p. 192d) ITr 5:2; IRo 5:1 (quot. fr. 1 Cor 4:4, where Paul has ἐν τούτῳ). οὐ παρὰ τοῦτο οὐ (double neg. as a strengthened affirmative) not for that reason any the less 1 Cor 12:15f.⑥ marker of that which does not correspond to what is expected, against, contrary to (Hom., Alc. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; Just., Tat., Ath.—Schwyzer II 497) π. τὴν διδαχήν Ro 16:17. παρʼ ἐλπίδα against hope (s. ἐλπίς 1a) in wordplay w. ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι 4:18. παρὰ φύσιν (Thu. 6, 17, 1; Pla., Rep. 5, 466d; Tat. 22, 2; Ath. 26, 2, R. 6 p. 54, 13) 1:26; 11:24. παρὰ τὸν νόμον (Just., A II, 2, 4; Ath. 1, 3; cp. X., Mem. 1, 1, 18 παρὰ τοὺς νόμους; PMagd 16, 5 [222 B.C.] παρὰ τοὺς νόμους; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 233; Just., A I, 68, 10) Ac 18:13. παρʼ ὅ contrary to that which Gal 1:8f (Just., A I, 43, 8).⑦ marker of something that is less, less (Hdt. 9, 33; Plut., Caesar 722 [30, 5]; Jos., Ant. 4, 176; POxy 264, 4 [I A.D.]) τεσσεράκοντα παρὰ μίαν forty less one=thirty-nine (i.e. lashes) 2 Cor 11:24 (cp. Makkoth 3, 10 [tr. HDanby, The Mishnah ’33, 407]).—On παρʼ αὐτά ITr 11:1 s. παραυτά.—DELG. M-M. TW. -
7 ἔχω
ἔχω (Hom.+) impf. εἶχον, 1 pl. εἴχαμεν and 3 pl. εἶχαν (both as vv.ll.; Mlt-H. 194; B-D-F §82) Mk 8:7; Rv 9:8 or εἴχοσαν (B-D-F §84, 2; Mlt-H. 194; Kühner-Bl. II p. 55) J 15:22, 24; 2 aor. ἔσχον; mixed aor. forms include ἔσχαν Hv 3, 5, 1, ἔσχοσαν 1 Esdr 6:5; 1 Macc 10:15 (ἔσχον, εἴχον vv.ll.); pf. ἔσχηκα; plpf. ἐσχήκειν.—In the following divisions: act. trans. 1–9; act. intr. 10; mid. 11.① to possess or contain, have, own (Hom.+)ⓐ to possess someth. that is under one’s controlα. own, possess (s. esp. TestJob 9f) κτήματα πολλά own much property Mt 19:22; Mk 10:22. πρόβατα Lk 15:4; J 10:16. θησαυρόν Mt 19:21; Mk 10:21b. βίον living Lk 21:4; 1J 3:17. δραχμὰς δέκα Lk 15:8. πλοῖα Rv 18:19. κληρονομίαν Eph 5:5. θυσιαστήριον Hb 13:10a; μέρος ἔ. ἔν τινι have a share in someth. Rv 20:6. Gener. μηδὲν ἔ. own nothing (SibOr 3, 244) 2 Cor 6:10. ὅσα ἔχεις Mk 10:21; cp. 12:44; Mt 13:44, 46; 18:25. τί ἔχεις ὸ̔ οὐκ ἔλαβες; what do you have that you have not been given? 1 Cor 4:7. The obj. acc. is often used w. an adj. or ptc.: ἔ. ἅπαντα κοινά have everything in common Ac 2:44 (cp. Jos., Ant. 15, 18). ἔ. πολλὰ ἀγαθὰ κείμενα have many good things stored up Lk 12:19.—Hb 12:1. Abs. ἔ. have (anything) (Soph.et al.; Sir 13:5; 14:11) Mt 13:12a; Mk 4:25a; Lk 8:18a. ἐκ τοῦ ἔχειν in accordance w. what you have 2 Cor 8:11. ἔ. εἰς ἀπαρτισμόν have (enough) to complete Lk 14:28. W. neg. ἔ. have nothing Mt 13:12b; Mk 4:25b; Lk 8:18b.—ὁ ἔχων the one who has, who is well off (Soph., Aj. 157; Eur., Alc. 57; X., An. 7, 3, 28; Ar. 15:7). πᾶς ὁ ἔχων everyone who has (anything) Mt 25:29a; Lk 19:26a. ὁ μὴ ἔχων the one who has nothing (X., An. 7, 3, 28; 1 Esdr 9:51, 54; 2 Esdr 18:10) Mt 25:29b; Lk 19:26b; 1 Cor 11:22.β. have = hold in one’s charge or keeping ἔ. τὰς κλεῖς hold the keys Rv 1:18; cp. 3:7. τὸ γλωσσόκομον the money-box J 12:6; 13:29.ⓑ to contain someth. have, possess, of the whole in relation to its partsα. of living beings, of parts of the body in men and animals μέλη Ro 12:4a; cp. 1 Cor 12:12. σάρκα καὶ ὀστέα Lk 24:39 (Just., A I, 66, 2 καὶ σάρκα καὶ αἷμα) ἀκροβυστίαν Ac 11:3. οὖς Rv 2:7, 11. ὦτα Mt 11:15; Mk 7:16; Lk 8:8. χεῖρας, πόδας, ὀφθαλμούς Mt 18:8f; Mk 9:43, 45, 47. Of animals and animal-like beings ἔ. πρόσωπον Rv 4:7. πτέρυγας vs. 8. κέρατα 5:6. ψυχάς 8:9. τρίχας 9:8. κεφαλάς 12:3 (TestAbr B 14 p. 118, 19 [Stone p. 84]) al. ἔχοντες ὑγιῆ τὴν σάρκα AcPlCor 2:32 (Just., D. 48, 3 σάρκα ἔχων). Of plants (TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62] εὗρον δένδρον … ἔχον κλάδους) ῥίζαν ἔ. Mt 13:6; Mk 4:6.β. of inanimate things: of cities τ. θεμελίους ἔ. Hb 11:10; cp. Rv 21:14. Of a head-covering χαρακτῆρα ἔχει βασιλικόν has a royal emblem GJs 2:2.ⓒ to have at hand, have at one’s disposal have ἄρτους Mt 14:17; cp. 15:34; J 21:5, where the sense is prob. ‘Did you catch any fish for breakfast?’. οὐκ ἔχω ὸ̔ παραθήσω αὐτῷ I have nothing to set before him Lk 11:6. μὴ ἐχόντων τί φάγωσι since they had nothing to eat Mk 8:1; cp. Mt 15:32 (Soph., Oed. Col. 316 οὐκ ἔχω τί φῶ). οὐκ ἔχω ποῦ συνάξω I have no place to store Lk 12:17. ἄντλημα a bucket J 4:11a. οἰκίας ἔ. have houses (at one’s disposal) 1 Cor 11:22. Of pers.: have (at one’s disposal) (PAmh 92, 18 οὐχ ἕξω κοινωνόν and oft. in pap) Moses and the prophets Lk 16:29. παράκλητον an advocate, a helper 1J 2:1. οὐδένα ἔ. ἰσόψυχον Phil 2:20. ἄνθρωπον οὐκ ἔ. J 5:7.ⓓ to have within oneself have σύλλημα ἔχει ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου she has something conceived through the Holy Spirit GJs 18:1. Var. constr. w. ἐν: of women ἐν γαστρὶ ἔ. be pregnant (γαστήρ 2) Mt 1:18, 23 (Is 7:14); 24:19; Mk 13:17; Lk 21:23; 1 Th 5:3; Rv 12:2. ἔ. τινὰ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ have someone in one’s heart Phil 1:7 (Ovid, Metam. 2, 641 aliquem clausum pectore habere). ἔ. τι ἐν ἑαυτῷ (Jos., Ant. 8, 171; cp. TestAbr A 3 p. 80, 14 [Stone p. 8] ἔκρυψεν τὸ μυστήριον, μόνος ἔχων ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ): ζωήν J 5:26. τὴν μαρτυρίαν 1J 5:10; τὸ ἀπόκριμα τοῦ θανάτου have a sentence of death within oneself 2 Cor 1:9.ⓔ to have with oneself or in one’s company have μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 17) τινά someone Mt 15:30; 26:11; Mk 2:19; 14:7; J 12:8; AcPl Ha 8, 35; σὺν αὐτῷ 4:18.—The ptc. w. acc. = with (Diod S 12, 78, 1 ἔχων δύναμιν with a [military] force; 18, 61, 1 ὁ θρόνος ἔχων τὸ διάδημα the throne with the diadem; JosAs 27:8 ἔχοντες ἐσπασμένας τὰς ῥομφαίας ‘with their swords drawn’) ἀνέβησαν ἔχοντες αὐτόν they went up with him Lk 2:42 D.② to stand in a close relationship to someone, have, have asⓐ of relatives πατέρα ἔ. J 8:41. ἀδελφούς Lk 16:28. ἄνδρα (Aristot., Cat. 15b, 27f λεγόμεθα δὲ καὶ γυναῖκα ἔχειν καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ἄνδρα; Tob 3:8 BA) be married (of the woman) J 4:17f; 1 Cor 7:2b, 13; Gal 4:27 (Is 54:1). γυναῖκα of the man (cp. Lucian, Tox. 45; SIG 1160 γυναικὸς Αἴ., τῆς νῦν ἔχει; PGM 13, 320; 1 Esdr 9:12, 18; Just., D. 141, 4 πολλὰς ἔσχον γυναίκας. As early as Od. 11, 603 Heracles ἔχει Ἥβην) 1 Cor 7:2a, 12, 29 (for the wordplay cp. Heliod. 1, 18, 4 in connection w. the handing over of a virgin: σὺ ἔχων οὐκ ἕξεις; Crates, 7th Ep. [p. 58, 8 Malherbe] πάντʼ ἔχοντες οὐδὲν ἔχετε). τέκνα Mt 21:28; 22:24; 1 Ti 3:4; 5:4; Tit 1:6. υἱούς (Artem. 5, 42 τὶς τρεῖς ἔχων υἱούς; cp. θυγατέρα TestAbr B 10 p. 114, 17 [Stone p.76]) Lk 15:11; Gal 4:22. σπέρμα have children Mt 22:25. W. acc. as obj. and in predicate (Ar. 8, 4 τούτους συνηγόρους ἔχοντες τῆς κακίας; 11, 3 ἔσχε μοιχὸν τὸν Ἄρην; Ath. 7, 2 ἔχομεν προφήτας μάρτυρας) ἔ. τινὰ πατέρα have someone as father Mt 3:9. ἔ. τινὰ γυναῖκα (w. γυναῖκα to be understood fr. the context) 14:4; cp. Mk 6:18; ὥστε γυναῖκά τινα τοῦ πατρὸς ἔ. that someone has taken his father’s wife (as his own wife: the simple ἔχειν in this sense as Plut., Cato Min. 21, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 10 §34; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 147. Perh. an illicit relationship is meant, as Longus 4, 17; Hesychius Miles. [VI A.D.], Viri Ill. 4 JFlach [1880] ἔχω Λαί̈δα) 1 Cor 5:1 (Diod S 20, 33, 5 of a man who had illicit relations with his stepmother: ἔχειν λάθρᾳ τοῦ πατρὸς τὴν Ἀλκίαν).ⓑ more gener. φίλον have a friend Lk 11:5. ἀσθενοῦντας have sick people Lk 4:40 and χήρας widows 1 Ti 5:16 to care for; παιδαγωγοὺς ἔ. 1 Cor 4:15. δοῦλον Lk 17:7. οἰκονόμον 16:1; κύριον ἔ. have a master, i.e. be under a master’s control Col 4:1; δεσπότην ἔ. 1 Ti 6:2; βασιλέα J 19:15. ἀρχιερέα Hb 4:14; 8:1. ποιμένα Mt 9:36. ἔχων ὑπʼ ἐμαυτὸν στρατιώτας I have soldiers under me Lk 7:8. W. direct obj. and predicate acc. ἔ. τινὰ ὑπηρέτην have someone as an assistant Ac 13:5 (Just., A I, 14, 1) ἔ. τινὰ τύπον have someone as an example Phil 3:17.—Of the relation of Christians to God and to Jesus ἔ. θεόν, τὸν πατέρα, τὸν υἱόν have God, the Father, the Son, i.e. be in communion w. them 1J 2:23; 2J 9; AcPl Ha 4, 7.—HHanse, at end of this entry.③ to take a hold on someth., have, hold (to), gripⓐ of holding someth. in one’s hand ἔ. τι ἐν τῇ χειρί have someth. in one’s hand (since Il. 18, 505) Rv 1:16; 6:5; 10:2; 17:4. Of holding in the hand without ἐν τῇ χειρί (Josh 6:8; JosAs 5:7) ἔ. κιθάραν 5:8. λιβανωτὸν χρυσοῦν 8:3, cp. vs. 6; 14:17 and s. ἀλάβαστρον Mt 26:7 and Mk 14:3.ⓑ of keeping someth. safe, a mina (a laborer’s wages for about three months) in a handkerchief keep safe Lk 19:20.ⓒ of holding fast to matters of transcendent importance, fig. τὴν μαρτυρίαν Rv 6:9; 12:17; 19:10; the secret of Christian piety 1 Ti 3:9; an example of sound teaching 2 Ti 1:13; keep (Diod S 17, 93, 1 τὴν βασιλείαν ἔχειν=keep control) Mk 6:18.ⓓ of states of being hold, hold in its grip, seize (Hom. et al.; PGiss 65a, 4 παρακαλῶ σε κύριέ μου, εἰδότα τὴν ἔχουσάν με συμφορὰν ἀπολῦσαί μοι; Job 21:6; Is 13:8; Jos., Ant. 3, 95 δέος εἶχε τοὺς Ἑβρ.; 5, 63; Just., D. 19, 3) εἶχεν αὐτὰς τρόμος καὶ ἔκστασις trembling and amazement had seized them Mk 16:8.④ to carry/bear as accessory or part of a whole, have on, wear, of clothing, weapons, etc. (Hom. et al.; LXX; TestAbr B p. 114, 22 [Stone p. 76]) τὸ ἔνδυμα Mt 3:4; 22:12 (cp. ἔνδυσιν TestJob 25:7). κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων w. τὶ to be supplied while he wears (a covering) on his head 1 Cor 11:4. ἔ. θώρακας Rv 9:9, 17. ἔ. μάχαιραν wear a sword (Jos., Ant. 6, 190) J 18:10. Sim. of trees ἔ. φύλλα have leaves Mk 11:13 (ApcSed. 8:8).⑤ be in a position to do someth., can, be able, ἔ. w. inf. foll. (Hom. et al.; cp. Eur., Hec. 761; Hdt. 1, 49; Pla., Phd. p. 76d; Demosth., Ep. 2, 22; Theocr. 10, 37 τὸν τρόπον οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν=I cannot specify the manner; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 21, 2, Hermot. 55; Epict. 1, 9, 32; 2, 2, 24 al.; Ael. Aristid. 51, 50 K.=27 p. 546 D.: οὐκ ἔχω λέγειν; PPetr II, 12, 1, 16; PAmh 131, 15; Pr 3:27; ApcEsdr 2:24; 3:7; 6:5; TestAbr A 8, p. 86, 13 [Stone p. 20]; Jos., Ant. 1, 338; 2, 58; Just., A I, 19, 5, D. 4, 6 οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν) ἔ. ἀποδοῦναι be able to pay Mt 18:25a; Lk 7:42; 14:14. μὴ ἔ. περισσότερον τι ποιῆσαι be in a position to do nothing more 12:4. οὐδὲν ἔ. ἀντειπεῖν be able to make a reply Ac 4:14; cp. Tit 2:8. ἔ. κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ J 8:6 (cp. 9a below, end). ἀσφαλές τι γράψαι οὐκ ἔχω I have nothing definite to write Ac 25:26a; cp. 26b. ἔ. μεταδιδόναι Eph 4:28a. ἔ. τὴν τούτων μνήμην ποιεῖσθαι be able to recall these things to mind 2 Pt 1:15. κατʼ οὐδενὸς εἶχεν μείζονος ὀμόσαι he could swear by no one greater Hb 6:13. In the same sense without the actual addition of the inf., which is automatically supplied fr. context (X., An. 2, 1, 9) ὸ̔ ἔσχεν (i.e. ποιῆσαι) ἐποίησεν she has done what she could Mk 14:8.⑥ to have an opinion about someth., consider, look upon, view w. acc. as obj. and predicate acc. (POxy 292, 6 [c. 25 A.D.] ἔχειν αὐτὸν συνεσταμένον=look upon him as recommended; 787 [16 A.D.]; PGiss 71, 4; Job 30:9; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 16, 19; Ath. 32, 3 τοὺς μὲν υἱοὺς … νοοῦμεν, τοὺς δὲ ἀδελφούς ἔχομεν) ἔχε με παρῃτημένον consider me excused (= don’t expect me to come) Lk 14:18b, 19 (cp. Martial 2, 79 excusatum habeas me). τινὰ ἔντιμον ἔ. hold someone in honor Phil 2:29. ἔ. τινὰ ὡς προφήτην consider someone a prophet Mt 14:5; 21:26, 46 v.l. (cp. GNicod 5 [=Acta Pilati B 5 p. 297 Tdf.] ἔχειν [Jannes and Jambres] ὡς θεούς; Just., D. 47, 5 τὸν μετανοοῦντα … ὡς δίκαιον καὶ ἀναμάρτητον ἔχει). ἔ. τινὰ εἰς προφήτην consider someone a prophet Mt 21:46 (cp. Duris [III B.C.]: 76 Fgm. 21 Jac. ὸ̔ν εἰς θεοὺς ἔχουσιν). εἶχον τ. Ἰωάννην ὄντως ὅτι προφήτης ἦν they thought that John was really a prophet Mk 11:32.⑦ to experience someth., have (freq. in auxiliary capacity CTurner, JTS 28, 1927, 357–60)ⓐ of all conditions of body and soul (Hom. et al.; LXX)α. of illness, et al. (ApcMos 6 νόσον καὶ πόνον ἔχω; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 305) ἀσθενείας have sicknesses/diseases Ac 28:9. μάστιγας physical troubles Mk 3:10. πληγὴν τῆς μαχαίρης Rv 13:14. θλῖψιν J 16:33b; 1 Cor 7:28; Rv 2:10. Esp. of possession by hostile spirits: δαιμόνιον ἔ. be possessed by an evil spirit Mt 11:18; Lk 7:33; 8:27; J 7:20; 8:48f, 52; 10:20. Βεελζεβούλ Mk 3:22. πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον vs. 30; 7:25; Ac 8:7. πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου Lk 4:33. πνεῦμα πονηρόν Ac 19:13. πνεῦμα ἄλαλον Mk 9:17. πνεῦμα ἀσθενείας spirit of sickness Lk 13:11. τὸν λεγιῶνα (the evil spirit called) Legion Mk 5:15.β. gener. of conditions, characteristics, capabilities, emotions, inner possession: ἀγάπην ἔ. have love (cp. Diod S 3, 58, 3 φιλίαν ἔχειν; Just., D. 93, 4 φιλίαν ἢ ἀγάπην ἔχοντε) J 5:42; 13:35; 15:13; 1J 4:16; 1 Cor 13:1ff; 2 Cor 2:4; Phil 2:2; 1 Pt 4:8. ἀγνωσίαν θεοῦ fail to know God 1 Cor 15:34. ἁμαρτίαν J 9:41; 15:22a. ἀσθένειαν Hb 7:28. γνῶσιν 1 Cor 8:1, 10 (Just., A II, 13, 1; D. 28, 4). ἐλπίδα Ac 24:15; Ro 15:4; 2 Cor 3:12; 10:15; Eph 2:12; 1J 3:3 (Ath. 33, 1). ἐπιθυμίαν Phil 1:23. ἐπιποθίαν Ro 15:23b; ζῆλον ἔ. have zeal Ro 10:2. Have jealousy Js 3:14. θυμόν Rv 12:12. λύπην (ApcMos 3 p. 2, 16 Tdf.) J 16:21f; 2 Cor 2:3; Phil 2:27; μνείαν τινὸς ἔ. remember someone 1 Th 3:6. παρρησίαν Phlm 8; Hb 10:19; 1J 2:28; 3:21; 4:17; 5:14. πεποίθησιν 2 Cor 3:4; Phil 3:4. πίστιν Mt 17:20; 21:21; Mk 4:40; Ac 14:9; Ro 14:22; 1 Cor 13:2; 1 Ti 1:19 al. (Just., A I, 52, 1). προφητείαν have the gift of prophecy 1 Cor 13:2. σοφίαν (X., Mem. 2, 3, 10) Rv 17:9. συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν Hb 10:2. καλὴν συνείδησιν 13:18; ἀγαθὴν ς. 1 Ti 1:19; 1 Pt 3:16; ἀπρόσκοπον ς. Ac 24:16; ὑπομονήν Rv 2:3. φόβον 1 Ti 5:20. χαράν Phlm 7. χάριν ἔ. τινί be grateful to someone Lk 17:9; 1 Ti 1:12; 2 Ti 1:3; σιγὴν ἔ. be silent Hs 9, 11, 5. ἀνάγκην ἔσχον I felt it necessary Jd 3 (HKoskenniemi, Studien zur Idee und Phraseologie des Griechischen Briefes bis 400 n. Chr. ’56, 78–87).γ. of advantages, benefits, or comforts that one enjoys: ἔ. τὰ αἰτήματα to have been granted the requests 1J 5:15; ἀνάπαυσιν ἔ. have rest Rv 4:8; 14:11; ἀπόλαυσιν τινος ἔ. enjoy someth. Hb 11:25. βάθος γῆς Mt 13:5b; Mk 4:5b; γῆν πολλήν Mt 13:5a; Mk 4:5a. τὴν προσέλευσιν τὴν πρὸς τὸν κύριον AcPl Ha 8, 22f; εἰρήνην Ro 5:1. ἐλευθερίαν Gal 2:4. S. ἐξουσία, ἐπαγγελία, ἔπαινος, ζωή, ἰκμάς, καιρός, καρπός, καύχημα, καύχησις, λόγος, μισθός, νοῦς, πνεῦμα, προσαγωγή, πρόφασις, τιμή, χάρις (=favor), χάρισμα.δ. of a sense of obligation in regard to someth.—W. dir. object have = have someth. over one, be under someth.: ἀνάγκην ἔχειν be under necessity 1 Cor 7:37a; w. inf. foll. have a need (ἀνάγκη 1) Lk 14:18; 23:16 v.l.; Hb 7:27; χρείαν ἔ. be in need abs. Eph 4:28b; τινός need someth. (Aeschyl. et al.; SIG 333, 20; 421, 35 al.; PPetr III, 42 G 9, 7 [III B.C.] ἐάν τινος χρείαν ἔχῃς; Ath. 13, 2 ποίας ἔτι χρείαν ἑκατόμβης ἔχει;) Mt 6:8; 9:12a; Mk 11:3; Lk 19:31, 34; J 13:29; 1 Cor 12:21; Hb 10:36 al.; w. inf. foll. (TestSol 13:2) Mt 3:14; 14:16; J 13:10; 1 Th 1:8; 4:9; 5:1. νόμον J 19:7. ἐπιταγήν 1 Cor 7:25. ἐντολήν (SIG 559, 9 ἔ. τὰς ἰντολάς; 1 Esdr 4:52; 2 Macc 3:13; Jos., Bell. 1, 261) Hb 7:5; 1J 2:7; 4:21; 2J 5; cp. J 14:21. διακονίαν 2 Cor 4:1. ἀγῶνα Phil 1:30; Col 2:1. πρᾶξιν Ro 12:4b. ἔγκλημα Ac 23:29. κόλασιν ApcPt Bodl. (ApcEsdr 1:22 p. 25, 17 Tdf.).ε. of a sense of inevitability in respect to some action.—W. inf. foll. one must (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 1, 3 καθαιρεθῆναι ἔχεις=you must be deposed; Porphyr., Against the Christians 63 Harnack [ABA 1916] παθεῖν; Gen 18:31; Jos., Ant. 19, 348 τοῦ τεθνάναι; TestSol 5:12 σίδηρα ἔχεις φορέσαι; TestAbr A 18 p. 100, 22 [Stone p. 48] τοῦ βίου τοῦτου ἀπαλλάξαι εἶχες; Just., D. 51, 2 ἔργῳ πεισθήναι ὑμῶν ἐχόντων) βάπτισμα ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι I must undergo a baptism Lk 12:50. ἔχω σοί τι εἰπεῖν I have someth. to say to you (Lucian, Philops. 1 ἔχεις μοι εἰπεῖν. Without dat. Aelian, VH 2, 23; Jos., Ant. 16, 312) 7:40. καινόν σοι θέαμα ἔχω ἐξηγήσασθαι I have a wonderful new thing to tell you=‘I must tell you about something wonderful that I’ve just seen’ GJs 19:3. ἀπαγγεῖλαι Ac 23:17, 19; cp. vs. 18. πολλὰ γράφειν 2J 12; 3J 13.ⓑ of temporal circumstances w. indications of time and age: πεντήκοντα ἔτη οὔπω ἔχεις you are not yet fifty years old J 8:57 (cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 198). τριάκοντα κ. ὀκτὼ ἔτη ἔχων ἐν τῇ ἀσθενείᾳ αὐτοῦ who had been sick for 38 years 5:5 (Cyranides p. 63, 25 πολὺν χρόνον ἔχων ἐν τῇ ἀρρωστίᾳ. W. cardinal numeral TestJob 26:1 δέκα ἑπτὰ ἔτη ἔχω ἐν ταῖς πληγαῖς; POxy 1862, 17 τέσσαρες μῆνας ἔχει. Mirac. S. Georgii 44, 7 [JAufhauser 1913] ἔσχεν … ἔτη ἑπτά); cp. Mt 9:20 v.l. τέσσαρας ἡμέρας ἔ. ἐν τῷ μνημείῳ have lain in the grave for four days J 11:17 (Jos., Ant. 7, 1 αὐτοῦ δύο ἡμέρας ἔχοντος ἐν τῇ Σεκέλλᾳ). πολὺν χρόνον ἔ. be (somewhere or in a certain condition) for a long time 5:6. ἡλικίαν ἔχειν be of age (Pla., Euthyd. 32, 306d; Plut., Mor. 547a; BGU 168 τοῖς ἀτελέσι ἔχουσι τὴν ἡλικίαν) 9:21, 23. τέλος ἔχειν have an end, be at an end (Lucian, Charon 17; UPZ 81 III, 20 [II A.D.] τέλος ἔχει πάντα; Ar. 4:2 ἀρχὴν καὶ τέλος) Mk 3:26; Lk 22:37 (on the latter pass. s. τέλος 2); cp. Hb 7:3.⑧ as connective marker, to have or include in itself, bring about, cause w. acc. (Hom. et al.; Wsd 8:16) of ὑπομονή: ἔργον τέλειον Js 1:4. Of πίστις: ἔργα 2:17. Of φόβος: κόλασιν 1J 4:18. Of παρρησία: μεγάλην μισθαποδοσίαν Hb 10:35. Of πολυτέλεια: λύπην, χαράν Hs 1, 10. ἐσχάτην εὐλογίαν, ἥτις διαδοχὴν οὐκ ἔχει ultimate blessing, which has no successor GJs 6:2.⑨ special combinationsⓐ w. prep. ἐν: τὸν θεὸν ἔ. ἐν ἐπιγνώσει acknowledge God Ro 1:28 (cp. ἐν ὀργῇ ἔ. τινά=‘be angry at someone’, Thu. 2, 18, 5; 2, 21, 3; ἐν ὀρρωδίᾳ ἔ. τ. 2, 89, 1; ἐν ἡδονῇ ἔ. τ.=‘be glad to see someone’ 3, 9, 1; ἐν εὐνοίᾳ ἔ. Demosth. 18, 167). ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔ. 2 Cor 10:6 (ἕτοιμος b). ἐν ἐμοὶ οὐκ ἔχει οὐδέν he has no hold on me J 14:30 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 32 §125 ἔχειν τι ἔν τινι=have someth. [hope of safety] in someone). κατά τινος: on 1 Cor 11:4 s. above 4. ἔ. τι κατά τινος have someth. against someone Mt 5:23; Mk 11:25; w. ὅτι foll. Rv 2:14. ἔ. κατά τινος w. sim. mng. Hm 2:2; Hs 9, 23, 2; w. ὅτι foll. Rv 2:4, 20. ἔ. τινὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον meet someone face to face Ac 25:16. μετά: ἔ. τι μετά τινος have someth. w. someone κρίματα lawsuits 1 Cor 6:7. περί: ἔ. περί τινος have (a word, a reference, an explanation) about someth. B 12:1; with adv. τελείως 10:10. πρός τινα have someth. against someone (Ps.-Callisth. 2, 21, 21 ὅσον τις ὑμῶν ἔχει πρὸς ἕτερον) Ac 24:19. ζητήματα ἔ. πρός τινα have differences w. someone (on points in question) 25:19. λόγον ἔ. πρός τινα 19:38. πρᾶγμα (=Lat. causa, ‘lawsuit’: BGU 19 I, 5; 361 II, 4) ἔ. πρός τινα (POxy 743, 19 [2 B.C.] εἰ πρὸς ἄλλους εἶχον πρᾶγμα; BGU 22:8) 1 Cor 6:1. ἵνα ἔχωσιν κατηγορίαν αὐτοῦ J 8:4 D (cp. 5 above). πρός τινα ἔ. μομφήν have a complaint against someone Col 3:13.ⓑ τοῦτο ἔχεις ὅτι you have this (in your favor), that Rv 2:6. ἔ. ὁδόν be situated (a certain distance) away (cp. Peripl. Eryth. 37: Ὡραία ἔχουσα ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν ἑπτὰ ἀπὸ θαλάσσης) of the Mt. of Olives ὅ ἐστιν ἐγγὺς Ἰερουσαλὴμ σαββάτου ἔχον ὁδόν Ac 1:12.—ἴδε ἔχεις τὸ σόν here you have what is yours Mt 25:25. ἔχετε κουστωδίαν there you have a guard (=you can have a guard) 27:65 (cp. POxy 33 III, 4).⑩ to be in some state or condition, act. intr. (spatially: Ath. 25, 1 οἱ ἄγγελοι … περὶ τόν ἀέρα ἔχοντες καὶ τὴν γῆν) w. adv. (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX).ⓐ impers. it is, the situation is (Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 10 πῶς ὑμῖν ἔχειν ταῦτα δοκεῖ; =how does this situation seem to you? Just., D. 3, 5 τὸ … ὡσαύτως ἀεὶ ἔχων) ἄλλως 1 Ti 5:25. οὕτως (Antig. Car. 20; Cebes 4, 1; POxy 294, 11 [22 A.D.] εἰ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει; TestSol 20:8; Jos., Ant. 15, 261; Just., D. 3:5 οὐχ οὕτως ἔχει) Ac 7:1; 12:15; 17:11; 24:9. τὸ καλῶς ἔχον what is right 1 Cl 14:2 (Michel 543, 12 [c. 200 B.C.] καλῶς ἔχον ἐστὶ τιμᾶσθαι τοὺς εὔνους ἄνδρας). τὸ νῦν ἔχον for the present Ac 24:25 (cp. Plut., Mor. 749a; Lucian, Anachars. 40, Catapl. 13 τὸ δὲ νῦν ἔχον μὴ διάτριβε; Tob 7:11).ⓑ pers. be (in a certain way) πῶς ἔχουσιν how they are Ac 15:36 (cp. Gen 43:27; Jos., Ant. 4, 112). ἑτοίμως ἔ. be ready, hold oneself in readiness w. inf. foll. (BGU 80, 17 [II A.D.] ἡ Σωτηρία ἑτοίμως ἔχουσα καταγράψαι; Da 3:15 LXX; Jos., Ant. 13, 6; Just., D. 50, 1) 21:13; 2 Cor 12:14; 1 Pt 4:5. Also ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔ. 2 Cor 10:6 (s. ἕτοιμος b end). εὖ ἔ. be well-disposed πρός τινα toward someone Hs 9, 10, 7 (cp. Demosth. 9, 63 ἥδιον ἔχειν πρός τινα; SIG 1094, 4 φιλανθρώπως ἔχει πρὸς πάντας). κακῶς ἔ. be sick (Aristoph. et al.; POxy 935, 15; Ezk 34:4) Mt 4:24; 8:16; 9:12b; 17:15 v.l. (see πάσχω 2). καλῶς ἔ. be well, healthy (Epict. 1, 11, 4; PGen 54, 8; PFlor 230, 24) Mk 16:18; ἐσχάτως ἔ. (s. ἐσχάτως) 5:23; κομψότερον ἔ. feel better (κομψῶς ἔ.: Epict. 2, 18, 14; 3, 10, 13; PParis 18; PTebt 414, 10 ἐὰν κομψῶς σχῶ) J 4:52.⑪ to be closely associated, in a variety of renderings, hold fast, be next to, be next, mid. (Hom. et al.) in NT only ptc.ⓐ of proper situation or placement, esp. of inner belonging hold fast, cling to. The ‘to’ of belonging and the ‘with’ of association are expressed by the gen. (Theognis 1, 32 ἀεὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἔχεο=ever hold fast to the good people; X., Oec. 6, 1; Pla., Leg. 7, 811d; Lucian, Hermot. 69 ἐλπίδος οὐ μικρᾶς ἐχόμενα λέγεις; Sallust. 14 p. 26, 24 τ. θεῶν; Philo, Agr. 101 τὰ ἀρετῆς ἐχόμενα; Jos., Ant. 10, 204 οὐδὲν ἀνθρωπίνης σοφίας ἐχόμενον, C. Ap. 1, 83 παλαιᾶς ἱστορίας ἐχόμενον; Just., A I, 68, 1 λόγου καὶ ἀληθείας ἔχεσθαι; Tat. 33, 1 μανίας ἔχεται πολλῆς; Ath., R. 48, 3 λόγῳ … ἀληθείας ἐχομένῳ) τὰ ἐχόμενα σωτηρίας things that belong to salvation Hb 6:9.ⓑ of proximityα. spatial, to be next to someth: ἐχόμενος neighboring (Isocr. 4, 96 νῆσος; Hdt. 1, 134 al. οἱ ἐχόμενοι=‘the neighbors’; Diod S 5, 15, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 71 §294; Arrian, Peripl. 7, 2; PParis 51, 5 and oft. in pap; 1 Esdr 4:42; Jos., Ant. 6, 6 πρὸς τὰς ἐχομένας πόλεις; 11, 340) κωμοπόλεις Mk 1:38.β. temporal, to be next, immediately following (Thu. 6, 3, 2 τ. ἐχομένου ἔτους al.; SIG 800, 15; PRev 34, 20; PAmh 49, 4; PTebt 124, 43; LXX) τῇ ἐχομένῃ (sc. ἡμέρᾳ, as Polyb. 3, 112, 1; 5, 13, 9; 2 Macc 12:39; Jos., Ant. 6, 235; 7, 18 al.; cp. εἰς τὴν ἐχομένην [i.e. ἡμέραν] PMich 173, 16 [III B.C.]) on the next day Lk 13:33 (v.l. ἐρχομένῃ); Ac 20:15; w. ἡμέρᾳ added (PAmh 50, 17) 21:26. τῷ ἐχομένῳ σαββάτῳ 13:44 v.l. (for ἐρχομένῳ; cp. 1 Macc 4:28, where the witnesses are similarly divided).—On the whole word HHanse, ‘Gott Haben’ in d. Antike u. im frühen Christentum ’39.—B. 641; 740. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv. -
8 ἐπί
ἐπί, bei, als adv. ohne Casus bei den Epikern oft, daran, dabei, wo es in der Regel als tmesis gefaßt werden kann; ἐν δ' ἄλοχοι πολιαί τ' ἐπὶ μάτερες Soph. O. R. 182; so bes. ἐπὶ δέ in Aufzählungen, Her. 7, 65. 75. 8, 67; von den Sp. bes. Arr. 5, 5, 1 u. öfter. – Gew. Präposition mit dem gen., dat. u. acc., auf, bei (vgl. ὀπίσω u. ä.).
I. Mit dem gen. – 1) vom Orte, u. zwar – a) eine Ruhe, ein Verweilen ausdrückend, auf, von Hom. an überall; ἐπὶ νηῶν Il. 8, 528; ἐπὶ νεώς Soph. Phil. 512; καϑέζετ' ἐπὶ ϑρόνου Il. 1, 536; λέξασϑαι ἐπὶ πύργων 8, 519; ἐπ' ἀγροῦ Od. 1, 185; στῆναι ἐπὶ πύργου, ἀκτάων u. ä., Il. 16, 700. 20, 15; κεῖσϑαι ἐπὶ χϑονός 20, 345; ἐφ' ἵππων χάζεσϑαι, φεύγειν u. ä., auf dem Wagen, 3, 255. 24, 356, wie ἐπ' ὀχέων 8, 455; so Folgde; ἔβαν οἱ μὲν ἐφ' ἵππων, οἱ δ' ἐπὶ νεῶν Aesch. Pers. 18; ἐπὶ πώλου βεβῶσα, ἐπ' ἀπήνης ἐμβεβῶσα, Soph. O. C. 313 O. R. 802; ἐφ' ἵππων παρῆσαν, zu Roß, Her. 3, 86. 9, 44, Thuc. u. Folgde; βαδίζειν ἐπὶ δυοῖν σκελοῖν, πορεύεσϑαι ἐφ' ἑνὸς σκέλους, Plat. Conv. 190 d; διαβαίνειν ἐπὶ γεφύρας Xen. An. 2, 4, 13; ἐφ' ἧς νήσου ναίει, ἐπ'. ὀρέων, Soph. Phil. 609 O. R. 1106; oft ἐπὶ ξένης (s. z. B. ἀλάομαι), auch Sp., ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς Pol. 1, 37, 8; ἐπὶ τοῦ προαστείου, in der Vorstadt, Thuc. 2, 34, wie ἐπ' ἀλλοτρίας πόλεως Eur. Andr. 137; ἐπὶ τῆς πατρίδος Luc. enc. patr. 9; a. Sp. oft; aber nicht so bei geographischen Eigennamen, vgl. d; ἐπ' ὤμων φέρειν Od, 10, 170, wie λαβεῖν Anacr. 12, 8; λαβὼν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς φέρε Ar. Plut. 1198; vgl. Her. 2, 35; σῆμ' ἐπ' ἀσπίδος ἔχει Aesch. Spt. 369, u. oft in diesem Stücke, wie Pind. P. 8, 46; ὀπτᾶσϑαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἀνϑράκων Ar. Ath. III, 86 f; ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἀκμῆς, ἐπ' ἄκρων, s. ἀκμή, ἄκρος, wie ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς βεβηκότες unter βαίνω, ἐπ' ἀγκύρας ἀποσαλεύω unter ἄγκυρα, vgl. ἐπ' ἀγκυρέων ὥρμεον Her. 7, 88; ἐπὶ κλίνης φερόμενος Andoc. 1, 61; ἐπὶ προςπόλου μιᾶς χωρεῖν, darauf gestützt, Soph. O. C. 780. Aus στὰς ἐπὶ τομίων κάπρου ὄμνυσιν, Dem. 23. 68 (vgl. D. Hal. 5. 1). erklärt sich ἐπὶ τῶν σφαγίων ὅρκους διδόναι Pol. 4, 77, 1; oft bei D. Hal.; auch ἐφ' ἱερῶν τελείων ἑστιᾶσϑαι, Luc. Philops. 21. – An ἐπὶ τοῦ στρατοπέδου εἶναι, im Lager sein, Plut. Rom. 16, u. ä. reihen sich : ἐπ' οἰκήματος καϑῆσϑαι, Hure in einem Bordell sein, Plat. Charm. 163 b; Aesch. 1, 74; ἐπ' ἰατρείου ib. 40; ἐπὶ τῶν ἐργαστηρίων καϑίζειν Isocr. 7, 15. – b) dabei, inder Nähe; ἐπὶ τῶν πηγῶν πλυνοὶ ἔασι Il. 22, 152, oft bei Thuc. ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης, an der thracischen Gränze, z. B. 5, 34, nicht ἐν Θρᾴκῃ, wie auch Her. 7, 6 αἱ ἐπὶ Λήμνου ἐπικείμεναι νῆσοι u. Soph. Ant. 1128 ch. ἐπὶ νόσου πόλις ἔχεται erklärt werden kann; aber für τὴν πόλιν οἰκοῦντες ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἰσϑμοῠ Thuc. 1, 13 steht ἐπὶ τῷ Ἰ 1, 56; μένειν ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης Xen. An. 7, 6, 25; vgl. 2, 5, 18; ἑστεῶτες ἐπὶ τῶν ϑυρέων Her. 5, 92, 3; οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν οἰκημάτων καϑήμενοι Aesch. 1, 74; ἡ ἐπὶ τοῦ ποταμοῦ μάχη Dem. 18, 216; oft Pol. αἱ ἐφ' Ἑλλησπόντου πόλεις, am H., 18, 27, 8; στρατοπεδεύεσϑαι ἐπί τινος 1, 73, 6; μένειν ἐπὶ τούτων τῶν τόπων 21, 8, 13; ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκίας, zu Hause, 14, 7, 1; während αἱ ἐπὶ τῆς Ἀσίας πόλεις oft = ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ, vgl. οἱ ἐπὶ τῆς Ἀσίας κατοικοῠντες Isocr. 12, 103; übtr., ἔμενεν ἐπὶ τῆς ὀργῆς, ὑπάρχειν ἐπὶ τῆς γνώμης, dabei bleiben, Pol. 3, 9, 7. 5, 76, 6, wie Dem. 4, 6 ἐπὶ γνώμης γίγνεσϑαι u. μένειν ἐπὶ τούτων, ἃ κατέστραπται 4, 9; ἐπὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς μένειν, im Amte bleiben, Xen. Ag. 1, 37. – c) in Gegenwart, vor, bes. ἐπὶ μαρτύρων, vor Zeugen, Antiph. II γ 10; Is. 7, 29; Xen. Hell. 6, 5, 38 u. Folgende, oft N.T., ἐπ' ἐγγυητῶν Xen. Vectig. 3, 14; ἐπωμόσαντο ἐπὶ τῶν στρατηγῶν Dem. 18, 173; ἐπὶ δυοῖν κλητήρων καλεῖσϑαι Plat. Legg. VIII, 846 b; ähnlich γράψομαί σε παρανόμων ἐπὶ Ῥαδαμάνϑυος Luc. Catapl. 18; κατηγορεῖν ἐπὶ τοῦ βασιλέως D. S. 16, 93. Daher ἐπ' ἐκκλησίας, in einer Versammlung, Thuc. 8, 81, wie Po lyaen. 5, 3, 2. Hierher kann man rechnen: ἐπ' ὀμμάτων εἰςορᾶν τινα, vor Augen, Eur. Suppl. 1154; – ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν, für sich allein, von Her. an nicht selten, wie schon Hom. σιγῇ ἐφ' ὑμείων Il. 7, 195; ἐν στέγῃ ἐρήμῃ ἐφ' ἑωυτῶν κεῖσϑαι Her. 2, 2; αὐτοὶ ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν ἐχώρουν Xen. An. 2, 4, 10; ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν πλεῖν Thuc. 8, 8; σκοπεῖν 6, 40; αὐτὴ ἐφ' ἑαυτῆς, an und für sich. Plat. Conv. 180 e; αὐτὸν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῠ διεξιέναι Soph. 217 c; Ggstz ist κατὰ τωὐτό, Her. 1, 142; vgl. übrigens unten 21 b). Auch οὐδεὶς ἐπ' ἀνϑρώπων, keiner unter den Menschen, Soph. Ant. 784, gehört wohl hierher; vgl. οἱ δ' ἐπ' ᾐϑέων λεκτοί O. R. 18. – d) Bewegung wohin, das Streben andeutend, dort zur Ruhe zu kommen; τὴν μὲν καϑεῖσεν ἐπὶ ϑρόνου Il. 18, 389; κατέϑηκεν ἐπὶ χϑονός 3, 293; vgl. λέπαδν' ἐπ' αὐχένων τίϑησι Aesch. Pers. 187; ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καταπίπτειν Xen. Cyr. 4, 5, 54; ἐφ' ἵππων βάντες Il. 18, 551, ἀναβάντες Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, 27; περάαν νήσων ἐπὶ τηλεδαπάων Il. 21, 454; κύματ' ἐπ' ήϊόνος κλύζεσκον 23, 61; προτρέποντο μελαινάων ἐπὶ νηῶν 5, 700; γεγωνεῖν ἐπὶ Αἴαντος κλισίης, bis zu dem Zelt hin, 8, 224. Von Her. an bei den Geschichtsschreibern bes. ἀποπλεῖν ἐπὶ Αἰγύπτου, ἐτράποντο ἐπ' Ἀϑηναίων, 1, 1. 5, 73. 5, 57; Xen. Hell. 1, 2, 11 Cyr. 6, 1, 25 An. 3, 1, 3; Aesch. Prom. 661 ἐπὶ Δωδώνης ϑεοπρόπους ἴαλλεν; Eur. El. 1343 στεῖχ' ἐπ' Ἀϑηνῶν; ἐπ' οἴκου ἀπελαύνειν, ἀποκομισϑῆναι, Her. 2, 121, 4; Thuc. 4, 99 u. oft Pol. – So ὁδὸς ἡ ἐπὶ Καρίας φέρουσα Her. 7, 31; ἡ ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνος ὁδός Xen. Cyr. 5, 2, 37; προῆγε τὴν ἐφ' Ἡραίας Pol. 2, 54, 12; στέλλεσϑαι τὴν ἐπὶ Ἑλλάδος Luc. Nigr. 3. Dah. τείχεα τὰ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης, die dorthin liegen, Her. 6, 33, wie κόλπος ἐπὶ Παγασέων φέρων 4, 193. Vgl. noch Thuc. 2, 90 ἔπλεον ἐπὶ τὴν ἑαυτῶν γῆν ἔσω ἐπὶ τοῦ κόλπου. – 2) übertr., begleitende u. veranlassende Umstände ausdrückend; – a) sagen, ἐπὶ τοῦ καλοῦ παιδός, d. i. bei dem Knaben, in Ansehung desselben, Plat. Charm. 155 d, vgl. Legg. VII, 793 e Rep. V, 475 a, wo ἐπ' ἐμοῦ λέγειν = an meinem Beispiel; bes. bei grammatischen Ausdrücken, z. B. τὸ τακερὸν ἔταξεν ἐπὶ τοῦ τρυφεροῦ, Ath. IX, 366 b; vgl. Plut. aud. poet. 4. Hieran reihen sich Wendungen des Her., nach Jemandem benannt werden, καλεῖται Γυγάδας, ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀναϑέντος, ἐπωνυμίην, 1, 14. 4, 45; ὄνομα γίγνεταί μοι ἐπί τινος 4, 148; ἐπώνυμος γίγνομαι ἐπί τινος 4, 184; δοκέουσι κληϑῆναι ἐπὶ τοῦδε, διότι 2, 57 u. öfter (anders ἐπ' ὀνόματος τούτου ἦν, ich war darauf eingeschrieben, ich führte ihn, Dem. 39, 211; εἰπεῖν ἐπ' ὅρκου Her. 9, 11. – Aehnlich ἐπί τινος ἐπαίνους ποιεῖσϑαι Dem. 60, 12; ἐπὶ πάντων ὀργίζεσϑαι, bei Allem, über Alles, 21, 183. Bei Veranlassung, bei Gelegenheit, ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἐτεϑέαντο ϑρασὺν ὄντα Dem. 21, 2, wie ἐπὶ πολλῶν ἰδεῖν 2, 1, dem ἐν τοῖς παροῠσι πράγμασι entspricht; ἐφ' ἑνὸς παριδεῖν, in einem Stücke, Lycurg. 64; öfter σκοπεῖν, ϑεωρεῖν ἐπί τινος, vgl. Xen. Mem. 3, 9, 3; Plat. Theaet. 157 a Rep. III, 406 c; τὰς ἐναντιώσεις ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν λόγων τηροῦντες, ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν ἔργων μὴ καϑορῶντες Isocr. 13, 7; ἀγνοεῖν ἐπί τινος Xen. Mem. 2, 3, 2; ἐπὶ τοῦ βοηϑεῖν τὴν χάριν ἀποδιδόναι Dem. 21, 70; οἱ ἐφ' ἑκάστης μαντείας προφαινόμενοι ϑεοί 21, 54. Stärker ἡ ἐπ' Ἀνταλκίδου εἰρήνη, auf seine Veranlassung, durch seine Vermittelung abgeschlossen, Xen. Hell. 5, 1, 35; vgl. Wolf zu Dem. Lept. 42 u. 83; ἐπ' ἀνϑρώπου 105; αἱ ἐπ' Ἀσδρούβου γενόμεναι ὁμολογίαι Pol. 3, 15, 5; λόγον ἐπέχειν ἐπὶ Ῥωμαίων 18, 35, 3, an 1) c) erinnernd; σωζοίμεϑα ἐπί τινος ἀλογίας Plat. Phil. 14 a. – b) ἐφ' ἑαυτοῦ κεῖσϑαι, οἰκῆσαι, selbstständig, unabhängig, neben αὐτόνομος Thuc. 2, 63; ἐπὶ προστάτου οἰκεῖν Lys. 31, 9, unter dem Schutze; – τὸ ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν προορώμενοι, was sie angeht, ihr Privatinteresse, Thuc. 1, 17. – c) über Etwas gesetzt werden, zur Bezeichnung des Amtes u. Geschäftes, ἐφ' οὗ ἐτάχϑημεν Her. 5, 109; ἐπὶ τοῠ νέκταρος τετάξῃ Luc. D. D. 4, 4; αἱ ἐπὶ τούτων ἐφεστηκυῖαι ἀρχαί Plat. Rep. V, 460 b; ἐπὶ τοῦ ϑεωρικοῦ κατασταϑείς, darüber gesetzt, Dem. 18, 118, im Psephisma; ἐφ' ἧς ἀρχῆς ᾕρησαι Xen. Mem. 3, 3, 2; öfter bei den Rednern u. Sp. οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν πραγμάτων, die mit Staatsgeschäften Beauftragten, Dem. 18, 147; οἱ ἐπὶ τοῦ δανείζειν ὄντες 56, 48; ähnlich ἐπὶ τῆς ἐργασίας ὤν, ἐπὶ τῆς κατηγορίας, ἀπολογίας εἶναι, 33, 4. 59, 115; vgl. πράττειν ταῠτα, ἐφ' ὧν ἐστι νῠν, wobei er jetzt ist, 6, 3; ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὀρύγματος, der Henker, Lycurg. 121 (ἐπὶ τῳ ὀρύγματι Din. 1, 62), wie ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν δεσμῶν Luc. Toz. 29 u. ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ βασάνου, = βασανιστής, Phryn. 474; ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς φρουρᾶς Plut. Arat. 34; οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων D. Sic. 13, 47; ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν ὅπλων (στρατηγός). Oberbefehlshaber der Schwerbewaffneten, Dem. 18, 38. 115; ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν ὁπλιτῶν 116, immer in Dokumenten. Oft Pol. οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν ϑηρίων, Führer der Elephanten, 1, 34, 1; ἐπὶ πάντων καταστήσας 5, 72, 8; ἡγεμόνα ἐπὶ πάσης τῆς γῆς κατέλιπεν αὐτόν 3, 35, 4, vgl. 5, 71, 11; ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ οἴνου, der Kellermeister, Plut. Pyrrh. 5; ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ νομίσματος, der Münzmeister, Aem. P. 23; so bei Späteren eine gewöhnliche Umschreibung, ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς σκηνῆς, Schauspieler; οἱ ἐπ' ἀξίας, die in Amt u. Würden, Luc. Nigr. 24. Vgl. II. 3. – d) ἐπὶ καιροῦ νόμους τιϑέναι, nach Erforderniß der jedesmaligen Umstände, Dem. 20, 90, vgl. 23, 105 u. unter 3; ähnl. ἐπ' ἀληϑείας οὐδεμιᾶς εἰρημένα, gegen alle Wahrheit, 18, 17; ἐπὶ τῶν παλαιῶν νόμων, gemäß, Plat. Legg. III, 700 a. – 3) Von der Zeit, die als begleitender Nebenumstand zu betrachten, unter, während; ἐπ' εἰρήνης, im Frieden, Il. 2, 797; ἐπὶ προτέρων ἀνϑρώπων 3, 637; ἐπὶ Κρόνου Hes. O. 111, wie τὰ ἐπὶ Κρόνου καὶ 'Ρέας Plat. Crat. 402 a; ἐπὶ τῶν ἡμετέρων προγόνων Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 31; bes. bei Geschichtsschreibern Bezeichnung der Regierungszeit, ἐπὶ τούτου τυραννεύοντος, ἐπὶ Δευκαλίωνος βασιλῆος, ἐπὶ Μήδων ἀρχόντων, Her. 1, 15. 56. 134; ἐπὶ Κέκροπος 8, 44; ἐπὶ ἐφόρο υ μὲν ὄντος – ἄρχοντος δέ Xen. Hell. 1, 2, 1, u. so gew. bei Anführung der Archonten; ἐπὶ τῶν τριάκοντα Lys. 13, 2; ἐπ' ἐμεῦ, zu meiner Zeit, im Ggstz von πρότερον, Her. 2, 46, wie ἐπ' ἐμοῠ γάρ, οὐχὶ πάλαι Dem. 3, 2; οἱ ἐφ' ἡμῶν Xen. An. 1, 9, 12 Hell. 3, 4, 16; ἐπὶ τῆς ἐμῆς ζοῆς Her. 1, 38, wie οἱ ἐπὶ τοῠ σοῠ βίου γεγονότες Plat. Phaedr. 242 a; ἐπ' ἐμῆς νεότητος, in meiner Jugend, Ar. Ach. 211; ἐπὶ γήρως Isocr. 5, 12; Pol. 18, 38, 8; ἐπὶ τελευτῆς, im Ggstz von τὴν μὲν ἀρχήν, Isocr. 4, 122; ἐπὶ τοῦ λοιποῦ χρόνου Din. 2, 22; ἐπὶ τῶν καιρῶν, zur rechten Zeit, Aesch. 3, 220; ἐπὶ τοιαύτης ἀκαιρίας, zu solcher Unzeit, 211; ἐπὶ τῶν πράξεων, bei, Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 25; ἐπ' αὐτοῠ τοῦ κινδύνου Pol. 5, 65, 6; ἐπὶ τῶν δείπνων D. Sic. 4, 3; ἐπ ὶ τῆς τραπέζης, bei Tische, Plut. Alex. 23; ἐπὶ τοῦ ποτηρίου 53, wie ἐπὶ τῆς κύλικος Luc. pisc. 34; Paus. sagt sogar oft ἐπ' Ὀλυμπιάδος, u. Luc. D. Mort. 11, 2 ἐπὶ μιᾶς ἡμέρας; aber ἐφ' ἡμέρης ἑκάστης Her. 5, 117 ist distributiv. – Allgemeiner ἐπὶ πολλῆς ἡσυχίας καὶ ἠρεμίας ὑμῶν, während ihr ganz unthätig waret, Dem. 13, 8; ἐπὶ σχολῆς, in Mußestunden, Aesch. 3, 100; ἐπ' ἀδείας, in Sicherheit, Plut. Sol. 22. – 4) Bei Zahlen distributiv, je, zu, eigtl. das räumliche Nebeneinander andeutend, ἐπὶ τεσσάρων ταξάμενοι τὰς ναῠς Thuc. 2, 90; vgl. Xen. Hell. 1, 6, 29; bes. von der Aufstellung der Soldaten, ἐπὶ τριῶν u. ä., drei Mann hoch, An. 1, 2, 15 u. öfter; ἐπὶ πεντήκοντα ἀσπίδων συνεστραμμένοι Hell. 6, 4, 12; vgl. στρατιὰ παρατεταγμένη οὐκ ἐπ' ὀλίγων ἀσπίδων Thuc. 7, 79, d. i. in ziemlicher Tiefe; τὸ μέτωπον ἐπὶ τριακοσίων, die Fronte betrug 300 Mann, Cyr. 2, 4, 2; ἐφ' ἑνὸς ἦν ἡ κατάβασις An. 5, 2, 6, es konnte nur ein Mann nach dem andern herabsteigen; ähnlich wird ἐπὶ κέρως, ἐπὶ φάλαγγος γενέσϑαι, καϑίστασϑαι, προάγειν gesagt, Cyr. 6, 3, 21. 4, 34 An. 4, 3, 26. 6, 6; auch ὁ τοῖχος ἦν ἐπὶ ὀκτὼ πλίνϑων, acht Ziegel breit, 7, 8, 14. – 5) Meist an 21 sich anschließend, werden ganz adverbial: ἐπ' ἴσας, Soph. El. 1051; οὐδ' ἐπὶ σμικρῶν λόγων, Ai. 1247, auch nicht im Geringsten; ἐπὶ σπουδῆς, = σπουδαίως, Plat. Conv. 192 c; ἀσϑενεῖς τε καὶ ἐπὶ μιᾶς ῥοπῆς, Thuc. 5, 103; ἐπὶ τῆς ἀληϑείας, Dem. 18, 22; Pel. oft; καὶ τοῠ πράγματος, Dem. 21, 72; ἐπί κεφαλαίων εἰπεῖν, 60, 6, D. Hal.; ἐπὶ παραδείγματος ἔσται ὁ λόγος, Aesch. 1, 177; ἐπ' ἐξουσίας, Dem. 9, 61 u. Folgende; ἐπ' ἀδείας, Luc. u. A.
II. Mit dem dat., – 1) vom Orte, wie mit dem gen., – a) die Ruhe ausdrückend, auf; bei Hom. seltener als der gen.; ἕζετ' ἐπὶ ξεστοῖσι λίϑοισι Od. 3, 406; Il. 6, 354; καίειν ἐπὶ βωμῳ 8, 240; vgl. Thuc. 6, 3; ναίουσ' ἐπ' ὄχοις Aesch. Prom. 712; ἐμεῦ ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χϑονὶ δεκρομένοιο Il. 1, 88; Hes. O. 90; ἄριστον ἄνδρα τῶν ἐπὶ χϑονί Soph. Tr. 808; τἀπὶ Τροίᾳ Πέργαμα Phil. 353. 607; δεῖπν' ἐπ' ἐσχάρᾳ πυρὸς ἔϑυον Aesch. Eum. 108; ἐπ' ἀλλήλαισιν ἀμφικείμεναι Soph. O. C. 1616; κείμενος ἐπὶ τῇ πυρᾷ Plat. Rep. X, 614 b; ἔκειντο ἐπ' αὐτῷ Xen. An. 1, 8, 27; ἐπὶ ταῖς οἰκίαις τύρσεις ἐπῆσαν 4, 4, 2; aber δικάζειν δίκας ἐπὶ ταῖς οἰκίαις = im Hause, Ar. Vesp. 801; vgl. ἐπὶ τοῖσι κουρείοισι τῶν καϑημένων Plut. 338 u. ἐπὶ δώμασιν ἕλκειν ζωάν Eur. Phoen. 1534; κληρούχους ἐπὶ τῇ χώρῃ λείπουσι, im Lande, Her. 5, 77; μένειν ἐπὶ τοῖς ὅπλοις, bei den Waffen, im Lager, Xen. Cyr. 7, 2, 8; – ἐπὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ ἔχειν ἄγγος Her. 5, 12; ἐπὶ ταῖς κεφαλαῖς καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν ἀλωπεκίδας φορεῖν, über Kopf u. Ohren, Xen. An. 7, 4, 4; ἐπ' ὤμοις φέρειν Eur. Phoen. 1139; ἐφ' ἵππῳ, zu Pferde, Xen. Cyr. 5, 2, 1, mit der v. l. ἐφ' ἵππου, s. oben. – Bei, an, ἐπ' ὠκυρόῳ Κελάδοντι μάχοντο Il. 7, 133; ἐπὶ φάτνῃ 5, 271; πάϊς δέ οἱ ἦν ἐπὶ μαζῷ Od. 11, 448; ἐπ' Ἀλφεῷ ἄλσος Pind. Ol. 8, 9; oft in Prosa, bes. bei den Geschichtsschreibern, z. B. ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ Her. 4, 86; ἡ ἐπὶ Λοκροῖς νῆσος Thuc. 2, 32; vgl. Her. 7, 235; ἐπὶ ϑαλάττῃ οἰκεῖν Xen. Cyr. 7, 4, 9; ἐπὶ τοῖς ὅπλοις μένειν Cyr. 7, 2, 8; oft ἐπὶ ταῖς πύλαις, am Hofe, wie an den Pforten, Soph. Ai. 49; ἐπὶ ϑύραις κοιμώμενος, an der Thür, Plat. Conv. 203 d; vgl. ἐπ' αὐτῷ νῦν ἐσμὲν ἤδη Polit. 274 b; ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ κέρᾳ, auf dem rechten Flügel, Thuc. 1, 50; Xen. An. 1, 8, 20, oft; ἐπὶ τοῖς ὁρίοις, an, auf der Grenze, 5, 4, 1; ἥλιός ἐστιν ἐπὶ δυσμαῖς, dem Untergang nahe, 7, 3, 34; ἐπὶ τελευτῇ τοῠ βίου γίγνεσϑαι, dem Tode nahe sein, Mem. 1, 5, 2; – ἐπὶ τοῖς δικασταῖς λέγειν, bei, vor den Richtern, Dem. 19, 243, vgl. oben gen. – b) Auch bei Verbis der Bewegung, so daß der Ort, wo man zur Ruhe kommt, angezeigt wird, auf; ἐκ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ βαῖνον ἐπὶ ῥηγμῖνι ϑαλάσσης Od. 15, 498; vgl. bes. νῆα ἐπ' ἠπείροιο ἔρυσσαν ὑψοῠ ἐπὶ ψαμάϑοις Il. 1, 486; κατέδησαν ἐπὶ κάπῃσιν, banden an Krippen, 8, 434; πρήνης ἐπὶ γαίῃ κάππεσε 16, 310; πῖπτον ἐπ' ἀλλήλοις Aesch. Pers. 498; εἰ γὰρ ϑανόντι νὺξ ἐπ' ὀφϑαλμοῖς πέσοι Sept. 385; ἐπὶ γᾷ πέσε Soph. Ant. 134; χωρεῖ ἐφ' ἡμῖν El. 1425; ἥκει ἐπὶ ἀνδρὶ τῷδε τελευτή O. C. 1479; δρᾶ νῦν τάδε μηδ' ἐπ' ἄλλοισιν τρέπε Ant. 1094; βλέπειν ἐπί τινι Ai. 338; übertr., ἐπὶ φρεσὶ ϑῆκε, Hom. oft; ἐπὶ οἷ καλέσας, zu sich, Od. 17, 330; – oft auch in feindlicher Beziehung, auf, gegen, ἧκε δ' ἐπ' Ἀργείοισι κακὸν βέλος Il. 1, 382; ἐπὶ Τυδείδῃ ἐτιταίνετο τόξα 5, 97; ἐπ' ἀλλήλοισι φέρον ἄρηα 3, 132; ἰϑύνειν, ἔχειν ἵππους ἐπί τινι, 8, 110. 5, 240. 829; ἐφ' Ἕκτορι ἀκοντίσσαι 16, 358. So ἀνὴρ ἐπ' αὐτῷ τέτακται Aesch. Spt. 429; Ἀτρέως παῖδας ἐπ' Ἀλεξάνδρῳ πέμπει Ag. 61; ἐπ' ἀνδρὶ τοῦτ' ἐμήσατο στύγος Ch. 983; ἐπ' ἐχϑροῖς χεῖρα φονίαν τρέπειν Soph. Ai. 759; vgl. Eur. Rhes. 577. 580; seltener in Prosa, wie συνιστάναι τινὰ ἐπί τινι, gegen Jem. aufwiegeln, Her. 6, 74; συνομνύναι ἐπί τινι 7, 235; ἐπὶ τοῖς πλήϑεσιν ἰδίᾳ δυνάμει κεκτῆσϑαι Dem. 23, 124, wie ἐφ' ἡμῖν ὄντα 137; bes. von feindlicher Gesinnung (s. unten 5). – c) Das räumliche Nebeneinander drückt auch eine Fülle aus, ὄγχνη ἐπ' ὄγχνῃ γηράσκει, μῆλον δ' ἐπὶ μήλῳ Od. 7, 120, Birne an Birne, wie μεῖζον δ' ἐπὶ κέρδεϊ κέρδος ἔσσεται Hes. O. 642; ἐσλὰ ἐπ' ἐσλοῖς δόμεν Pind. Ol. 9, 84; ἄτην ἑτέραν ἐπάγειν ἐπ' ἄτῃ Aesch. Ch. 398; πήματ' ἐπὶ πήι μασι πίπτοντα Soph. Ant. 950; φόνος ἐπὶ φόνῳ, Mord auf Mord, Eur. I. T. 197; μυρία ἐπὶ μυρίοις ἔϑνη Plat. Legg. I, 638 e; woran sich das äußere Hinzukommen reiht, ἄλλα τε πόλλ' ἐπὶ τῇσι, zu, außer diesen, Il. 9, 639, vgl. οὐ γάρ τι στυγερῇ ἐπὶ γαστέρι κύντερον ἄλλο Od. 7, 216, wie ἄλλοισι δ' ἐπ' ἄλλοι μεγάλοι Pind. Ol. 1, 113; ἐπὶ τῷδε ἀνέστη, zu, nach ihm, Il. 7, 163; τἀπὶ τούτοις Aesch. Ag. 246; κἀπὶ τοῖςδε τὴν χάριν πρόςϑες Soph. Tr. 1242; ἐπὶ Μόσχῳ Δεξίϑεος εἰςῆλϑε Ar. Ach. 13; in Prosa, ὑποσχόμενος ἀδελφὴν ἑαυτοῦ δώσειν καὶ χρήματα ἐπ' αὐτῇ Thuc. 2, 101; öfter bei Xen., z. B. Hell. 6, 5, 38, Sp., wie Arr. An. 1, 14, 2, bes. bei Aufzählungen; ἐπὶ τούτῳ, außerdem, Her. u. A.; τἀπὶ τούτοις, das Weitere, Her. 9, 78; ἐπὶ πᾶσι, zuletzt, endlich, Sp.; – ἐπί τινι εἶναι, hinter Einem, bei Aufstellungen, Xen. Cyr. 6, 3, 24, oft; οἱ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν, das letzte Glied, ib. 25; – ἐπὶ τῷδε ἠγόρευε, nach diesem, Eur. Or. 898; Xen. An. 3, 2, 4. – Auch in Zahlenverbindungen, πέμπτος ἐπὶ εἴκοσι Pind. N. 6, 60; τρίτος ἐπὶ δέκα Aesch. Ag. 1587; bes. bei Sp., wie Plut., auch bei Cardinalzahlen, τριακόσι οι ἐπὶ χιλίοις Popl. 9. – Aehnlich ist γαμεῖν ἄλλην γυναῖκα ἐπὶ ϑυγατρὶ ἀμήτορι Her. 4, 154 u. das in späterer Prosa häufige ζῆν ἐπὶ παισίν u. τελευτᾶν, bei Kindern, d. i. Kinder habend, mit Hinterlassung von Kindern; vgl. Hdn. 4, 2, 1. 3, 15, 7; Alciphr. 1, 3; vgl. παλλακὴν ἐπ' ἐλευϑέροις παισὶν ἔχειν Dem. 23, 53. – d) übh. begleitende Umstände; εἰ δὴ καὶ ταχὺς ἔσκε ϑέειν ἐπὶ εἴδεϊ τῷδε, bei dieser Gestalt, Od. 17, 308, wie οὐκ ἄρα σοίγ' ἐπὶ εἴδεϊ καὶ φρένες ἦσαν 17, 454; vgl. Il. 13, 485; dem ἐν entsprechend, ἐνὶ πτολέμῳ ἠδ' ἀλλοίῳ ἐπὶ ἔργῳ 4, 258; καιρὸς ἐπὶ πᾶσιν ἄριστος, bei Allem, Hes. O. 692. In anderen Nebenbeziehungen, βοῦς ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ πέφνεν, ihm zu Ehren, Il. 23, 776, wie ἀεϑλεύειν, ἄεϑλα κατατιϑέναι ἐπί τινι, ib. 274 Od. 24, 91; vgl. Soph. Ai. 1319; ὁ λίϑινος λέων ἕστηκεν ἐπὶ Λεωνίδῃ, zu Ehren des L., auf seinem Grabe, Her. 7, 225; dah. (ἔπαινον) λέγειν ἐπί τινι, bei einem (Todten) sprechen, ihm eine Lobrede halten, Thuc. 2, 34; Plat. Menex. 234 b; ἐρῶν ἐπὶ τοῖς τετελευτηκόσι Dem. 18, 285. 20, 141; Lys. 2, 1; μονομαχίας ἐπὶ τῷ πατρὶ ποιεῖν, dem Vater zu Ehren, Pol. 32, 14, 5; κείρεσϑαι χαίτας ἐπ' Ἀδώνιδι, um den Adonis, Bion 1, 81, s. unten 4). – Vgl. ἐπὶ τῷ τεϑυμένῳ τόδε μέλος Aesch. Eum. 325; πάρεστι δ' εἰπεῖν ἐπ' ἀϑλίοισιν geht in die Bedeutung von περί über, Sept. 905; λέξωμεν ἐπ' Ἀργείοις εὐχὰς ἀγαϑάς, Wünsche für die Arg., Suppl. 625, wie ταῦτ' ἐφ' ἡμῖν Φοῖβος εἰρηκὼς κυρεῖ Soph. O. C. 415, in Beziehung auf uns; vgl. κἀπὶ τῷ λέγει τάδε Ai. 784; τἀπὶ σοὶ κακά, dein Unglück, Phil. 795; vgl. noch ϑερμὴν ἐπὶ ψυχροῖσι καρδίαν ἔχεις, für, Ant. 88; ἐπὶ τοῖς φϑίμένοις ἀμελεῖν, in Beziehung auf die Todten, an den Todten, El. 237; – ἐπὶ τῇ κύλικι ᾄδειν, beim Becher singen, Plat. Conv. 214 b (wofür Luc. Philops. 34 ἐπὶ τῆς κύλικος φιλοσοφεῖν sagt, s. oben); ἐπ' οἴνοις, Phereer. Ath. VIII, 364 c. – So ἐπὶ τῷ παρόντι, bei der gegenwärtigen Gelegenheit, Thuc. 2, 36; ἐπὶ πᾶσι παρεῖναι, bei jeder Gel., Xen. Cyr. 4, 5, 44; – nur p. ἐπὶ δακρύοις, unter Thränen, Eur. I. A. 1184 u. öfter; ἐπ' ἀσφάκτοις μήλοις, ohne geopfert zu haben, Ion 235. – 2) Von der Zeit; ἐπὶ νυκτί, ἐπ' ἤματι, bei Nacht, an dem Tage, Il. 8, 529. 10, 48, wie Od. 2, 284, an einem Tage; ἐφ' ἡμέρῃ ἠδ' ἐπὶ νυκτί Hes. O. 102; αἰὲν ἐπ' ἤματι, Tag für Tag, Soph. O. C. 694 ch., wofür Her. ἐπ' ἡμέρῃ ἑκάστῃ sagt; ἐπὶ τῷ δείπνῳ, beim Mahle, Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 12; ähnl. ἐπὶ τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν 6, 2, 7 (vgl. Mem. 3, 14, 2 ἐσϑίειν ἐπὶ τῷ σίτῳ ὄψον, zum Brote); oft bei Sp., wie Plut. ἐπὶ χρόνῳ, ἐπὶ ὥρᾳ. – Auch nach, an 1 c erinnernd, ἐπ' ἐξειργασμένοις, nach der That, Aesch. Pers. 517, wie ἥκειν ἐπ' ἐξ. Her. 4, 164. – 31 In ὅς μ' ἐπὶ βουσὶν εἷσε Od. 20, 209, βουσὶν ἐπ' ἀλλοτρίῃσι καϑήμενος ib. 221 ist die ursprüngliche örtliche Bdtg, bei den Ochsen, verbunden mit dem dieselben Hüten; vgl. οὖρον κατέλειπον ἐπὶ κτεάτεσσιν ἐμοῖσιν 15, 89; ποιμαίνειν ἐπ' ὄεσσι Il. 6, 25. 4, 106; u. so wird – a) ἐπί c. dat. wie I. 2 c von Amt und Geschäft gebraucht; ἐπὶ σκηπτουχίᾳ ταχϑείς Aesch. Pers. 289; ἐπὶ δμωῇσι σημαίνειν, den Befehl über die Mägde haben, Od. 22, 427; ὁ ἐπὶ ταῖς μηχαναῖς, ἐπὶ ταῖς ἄρκυσι, Xen. Cyr. 6, 3, 28. 2, 4, 25; ἄρχων ἐπὶ τούτοις ἦν 5, 3, 56; ναύαρχος ἐπὶ ταῖς ναυσίν An. 1, 4, 2; καταλιπὼν ἐπὶ ταῖς ναυσὶν Ἀντίοχον Hell. 1, 5, 11; οἱ ἐπὶ τούτοις ὄντες, die dazu beordert waren, An. 4, 1, 13; οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς καμήλοις ἄνδρες Cyr. 6, 3, 33; ἐπὶ τῷ ϑεωρικῳ τεταγμένος Dem. 18, 55 im Gesetz; οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς μακροῖς πλοίοις 58, 55; οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν ὄντες, die Staatsmänner, 9, 2; Sp. sagen μάντεις ἐπ' ὄρνισι. – b) ἐπί τινι εἶναι, in Jemandes Gewalt stehen; ἄρχει τις αὐτῶν ἢ 'πὶ τῷ πλήϑει λόγος; hat das Volk zu sprechen? Soph. O. C. 66; τὰ δ' οὐκ ἐπ' ἀνδράσι κεῖται, steht nicht in ihrer Macht, Pind. P. 8, 76; so ἐπί τινι εἶναι, γίγνεσϑαι, Her. 7, 52; εἰμὶ ἐπὶ τῷ βουλομένῳ Plat. Gorg. 508 c; Xen. Cyr. 4, 2, 13. 4, 5, 15; τὰ μὲν ἐπ' ἐμοί 5, 4, 11; ἐπὶ μάντεσιν ἦν, es stand bei den Sehern, 1, 6, 2; τό γε ἐπ' ἐκείνῳ εἶναι An. 6, 4, 23; Hell. 3, 5, 9; ἐπὶ Τημένῳ ἐσώϑη ποτ' ἄν, wenn es auf den T. angekommen wäre, Plat. Legg. III, 692 b; μὴ ἐπὶ τούτοις ἐξερημῶσαι τὸν οἶκον Is. 7, 33; ἐφ' ὑμῖν ποιήσαντες, die es in eure Gewalt gaben, Dem. 18, 215; ἐπὶ τῇ τῶν λεγόντων δυνάμει τὸ πρᾶγμα κατ αστῆσαι, es solle nicht die ganze Verhandlung der Macht der Redner anheimgestellt sein, 22, 11; ἐπί τινι ποιεῖσϑαι Plut. Sert. 6; τίϑεσϑαι Aristid. 24; τὰ μὲν τότ' ἦν ἐπὶ τοῖς τότ' ἤϑεσι, hing davon ab, Dem. 20, 114; – auch ἐπὶ τοῖς ϑεοῖς ἐστιν – ὥστε καὶ διδόναι Plat. Alc. II, 148 c. – Dah. δίαιται ἐγένοντο ἐπὶ τοῖς νόμοις, unter Herrschaft der Gesetze, den Gesetzen gemäß, Dem. 24, 56; ἐπὶ πᾶσι δικαίοις, ganz dem Rechte gemäß, 20, 88; Aesch. 3, 170. – 4) Der Grund, die Veranlassung, wegen, um, aus; γελᾶν ἐπί τινι, über Einen lachen (wo man dabei steht u. das Lachen als ein äußeres Zusammentreffen erscheint), Il. 2, 170 Od. 20, 358; μογεῖν ἐπί τινι, sich um Etwas abmühen, Il. 1, 162; ἐπὶ σοὶ μάλα πόλλ' ἔπαϑον, um deinetwillen erduldet' ich viel, 9, 492; αἰκίζει τοιοῖςδ' ἐπ' αἰτιάμασιν, um solcher Beschuldigungen willen, Aesch. Prom. 255; δυςφορεῖν, κομπάζειν, Sept. 762 Ag. 1373; γελᾶν Eum. 130; ἐπ' εὐνοίᾳ, um des Wohlwollens willen, Sept. 998, wie öfter bei Sp.; Lys. 22, 11; Dem. 18, 273; γέ λωτα γενέσϑαι ἐπὶ τῇ παῤῥησίᾳ αὐτοῦ Plat. Conv. 222 c; ἐπαινεῖν ἐπί τινι Isocr. 15, 121; ἐπὶ συμφοραῖς οὐδεμίαν ἡμέραν ἀδακρυτὶ διάγομεν 14, 47; ἐφ' αἵματι φεύγειν, um einer Blutschuld, eines Mordes willen in die Verbannung gehen, Dem. Md. 105; δεϑεὶς ἐπὶ χρήμασιν 24, 168; vgl. 132; ζημιοῦσϑαι ἐπὶ τῇ ὠνῇ 24, 122; δόξαν ἔχειν ἐπ' ἀνδρίᾳ Dem. 11, 10, wie ἡ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἔργοις δόξα 3, 24; ἀδοξία ἡ ἐπὶ τοῖς πεπραγμένοις 1, 11; ἀγανακτεῖν, δακρύειν, σεμνύνεσϑαι, φιλοτιμεῖσϑαι, στεφανοῦσϑαι, Lycurg. 25. 41. 98. 139; ἐφ' ᾗ (ἀπολογίᾳ) δικαίως ἂν ἀποϑάνοιεν 63; ϑαυμάζειν, φιλεῖσϑαι u. ä.; πρᾴως, χαλεπῶς φέρειν, s. die einzelnen Verba; ἐπὶ τοῖς ἠγγελμένοις οἱ Ἀϑηναῖοι ναῦς ἐπλήρουν, auf diese Nachricht, Thuc. 8, 97; ἔγνωσαν οὐκ ἐπὶ τῷ βελτίονι λόγῳ ἀποπεμπόμενοι, daß sie nicht aus dem bessern Grunde weggeschickt worden, 1, 102; – ἐπὶ γογγυλίσι διαβιῶναι, von Rüben leben, Ath. X, 419 a. – Diesem zunächst steht – 5) die Angabe des Zweckes; ἐπ' ἀρωγῇ, um Hülfe zu leisten, Il. 23, 574, vgl. 4, 470 Od. 16, 19. 18, 414; ἐφ' οἷς ἐλήλυϑας Soph. Phil. 50, vgl. O. C. 146; ἐπὶ τῷ λέγει τάδε; Ai. 784; ἐπὶ ϑανάτῳ, ἐπὶ φίλτροις φάρμακα δοῦναι, um Jem. zu tödten, oder ihm Liebe einzuflößen, Antiph. 1, 9; ἐπ' ὠφελείᾳ ἐψεύδετο 5, 37; ἐπὶ τῇ δήμου καταλύσει, um die Volksherrschaft zu stützen, 1, 36; ἐπ' ἀγαϑῷ Κύρου, zum Vortheil des Kyrus, Xen. Cyr. 7, 4, 3, wie ἐπὶ τῷ ἐκείνου κακῷ 4, 6, 6; ἡ γενομένη ἐπὶ τῷ Μήδῳ συμμαχία, um den Krieg gegen die Meder zu führen, Thuc. 1, 102; ἐπί σφισιν ἔχοντες, indem sie es auf sie anlegten, Her. 6, 49; vgl. Soph. Ant. 974; νῆες ἐφ' ἡμῖν τετάχαται, gegen uns, um uns zu unterwerfen, Thuc. 3, 13, wie οἱ στρατηγοὶ οἱ ἐπὶ σφίσι τεταγμένοι 2, 70; νόμους ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀδικοῦσι ἀνεγράψατε, um der Unrechtthuenden willen, um sie zu strafen, Dem. 24, 5; ähnlich ἐπ' ἀνδρὶ νόμον ϑεῖναι, ἐπὶ πᾶσιν Ἀϑηναίοις Andoc. 1, 87; vgl. Plat. Gorg. 488 d; πάντες γίγνονται ἐπὶ τῷ εὖ καὶ κακῶς πράττειν, das ist ihre Bestimmung, Andoc. 2, 5; ἐπὶ τῷ ὑβρίζεσϑαι, um gemißhandelt zu werden, Thuc. 1, 38; auch ἐπὶ τούτῳ ὅπως, Xen. An. 7, 6, 16; ἐπὶ πορείᾳ ϑύεσϑαι Cyr. 2, 4, 18; οὐκ ἐπὶ τέχνῃ ἔμαϑες ὡς δημιουργὸς ἐσόμενος, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ παιδείᾳ, zur Bildung, Plat. Prot. 312 b, u. nachher ἐπὶ τέχνῃ μανϑάνει ὡς σοφιστὴς ἐσόμενος, um ein Gewerbe davon zu machen, 315 a; ἐπ' ὠφελείᾳ τῶν φίλων καὶ ἐπὶ βλάβῃ τῶν ἐχϑρῶν, zu Nutz und Frommen der Freunde, zum Schaden der Feinde, Rep. I, 334 b; ἐπὶ διαβολῇ τῇ ἐμῇ λέγει, um mich zu verleumden, Apol. 20 e; ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ Thuc. 2, 13; Ἐριφύλη ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ψυχῇ τὸν ὅρμον δεξαμένη, um das Leben ihres Mannes zu verrathen, od. unter der Bedingung, daß sie verriethe, Plat. Rep. IX, 590 a; δωροδοκεῖν ἐπὶ πράξει Xen. An. 7, 6, 17; auch bei Sp. nicht selten, z. B. ἐπὶ πολέμῳ διαβαίνειν Ἴβηρα Pol. 2, 13, 7; ἐπ' ἐξανδραποδισμῷ πόλεμον ἐκφέρειν τινί 6, 49, 1; ἐφ' ἑτέρᾳ ἀποδημῶν ἐμπορίᾳ Dem. 52, 3. – Bes. vom Preise, vom Lohne, nach dem man strebt, um den man sich bemüht, ἐπί τινι ἁϑλεύειν Il. 23, 274; ἐπὶ ἀέϑλῳ, ἐπὶ μισϑῷ, ἐπὶ δώρῳ, um den Kampfpreis, um Lohn, um ein Geschenk, 9, 602. 10, 304. 21, 445 Od. 11, 548; ἐπ' ἀργύρῳ τὴν ψυχὴν προδούς Soph. Ant. 322; ἐπὶ κέρδεσι λέγων 1048; ἐπὶ κέρδει ποιεῖν τι Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 56; ähnlich ἐπὶ δέκα ταλάντοις γαμεῖν Andoc. 4, 13 (vgl. ἐπὶ τῇ ἀδελφῇ δέκα μνᾶς λαβεῖν προῖκα Is. 2, 5); οὐκ ἂν ἐπὶ τῷ βίῳ παντὶ βούλοιτο ἀκοῦσαι, nicht ums Leben, Xen. Mem. 2, 2, 8; ἐπ' οὐδενί, um keinen Preis, Her. 3, 38; ἐπὶ πόσῳ ἄν τις δέξαιτο, wie viel möchte Einer dafür geben, Plat. apol. 41 b. Man vgl. noch ἄγειν τὴν ἐπὶ ϑανάτῳ Polyaen. 5, 2, 12 (auch Xen. An. 1, 6, 10 lesen die besseren mss. ὅτι ἐπὶ ϑανάτῳ ἄγοιτο für den accus., vgl. auch ἐλάβοντο τῆς ζώνης τὸν Ὀρόντην ἐπὶ ϑανάτῳ ibid. u. 5, 7, 34 Mem. 4, 4, 31; ἐπὶ ϑανάτῳ συλλαβεῖν Isocr. 4, 154, wie D. Sic. 16, 6 u. Luc. D. mort. 12, 3; – ἦσϑα ἐπὶ ϑητείᾳ πλάνης, = ϑητεύων, Soph. O. R. 1029. Uebh. den Erfolg bezeichnend, μεγάλοι ϑόρυβοι κατέχουσιν ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ δυςκλείᾳ, so daß ein übler Ruf entsteht, Soph. Ai. 143; vgl. noch ἀναλκίδες, οὐδ' ἐπὶ χάρμῃ Il. 13, 104; μελέους ϑανάτους εὕροντο δόμων ἐπὶ λύμῃ Aesch. Sept. 861; εἴη δ' ἐπὶ νίκῃ Ch. 855; vgl. Ag. 995; ἐπὶ δορὶ καὶ φόνῳ καὶ ἐμῶν μελάϑρων λώβᾳ, daß Mord u. Verwüstung daraus entstehen, Eur. Hec. 649; ἐπ' εὐπραξίᾳ μέμνησϑέ μου ϑανόντος Soph. O. C. 1540. – Dah. auch bei Angabe der Zinsen, τοκοφορεῖν ἐπ' ἐννέ' ὀβολοῖς Dem. 59, 52; δανείζομαι ἐπὶ μεγάλοις τόκοις, auf hohe Zinsen, 1, 15. Dah. ἐπὶ δραχμῇ, das ist zu 1% monatlich, nach unserer Weise zu 12% ἐπὶ πέντ' ὀβολοῖς, zu 10%, u. ä. Dem. Anders aber ἐπὶ τοῖς σώμασι μηδένα δανείζειν, auf den Körper, unter Verpfändung des Leibes, Plut. Sol. 15; vgl. Dem. 21, 45. – 6) die Bedingung; von jeder näheren Bestimmung, un ter der Etwas geschieht; αἱ σπονδαὶ ἐγένοντο ἐπὶ τούτοις, unter den Bedingungen, Her. u. folgde Geschichtsschreiber oft; bes. in der Vbdg ἐφ' ῷτε mit dem inf., unter der Bedingung, daß, Ar. Ach. 722; Plat. Apol. 29 c u. oft; auch ἐπ' ᾧτε ἄρξομαι, Her. 3, 83; ἐφ' ᾧ τηρήσονται. Thuc. 4, 30; vollständig: ἐπὶ λόγῳ τοιῷδε ἐφ' ᾡ Her. 7, 158; ἐπὶ τοῖςδε ἐπ' ᾡτε 5, 82. 7, 154; ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἐφ' ᾡτε, überall; ἐπ' ἴσοις, unter billigen Bedingungen; ἐφ' ᾧ μόνον ὑμᾶς κακῶς ποιεῖν Pol. 9, 28, 7. – 7) Allgemeiner ist die Beziehung in τὸ δὲ ἔργον ἐφ' ᾡ καλοῦμεν τὸ ὄνομα, die Sache, der wir den Namen beilegen (bei der wir den Namen aussprechen), Plat. Soph. 218 c u. öfter; ἕκαστον τῶν ὀνομάτων οὐκ ἐπί τινι καλεῖς Parm. 174 d; ἐπὶ μὲν τῇ τοῦ οἰκείου ἔχϑρᾳ στάσις κέκληται, ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ τοῦ ἀλλοτρίου πόλεμος, man braucht dabei den Ausdruck Krieg, Rep. V, 470 b; vgl. Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 12. Bei Sp. auch wie oben, I, 2 a; καλεῖν τινα ἐπί τινι, nach Jem. benennen, Plut. Demetr. 2 Rom. 19; Luc. Tim. 52.
III. Mit dem accusat., die Bewegung od. Richiung auf ein Ziel ausdrückend, – 1) örtlich, – a) darauf zu, hin, zu, zunächst bei Verbis der Bewegung; ἐπὶ νῆας ἔρχεσϑαι u. ä., Hom. u. Folgde; bes. nach einem höheren Punkte, auf, ἐπὶ πύργον βαίνειν, ἐπ' ἐπάλξεις, Il. 6, 386. 12, 375; ἀναβαίνειν ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος u. ä., Her. 1, 131; Xen. An. 4, 1, 7; ἁναβιβάζειν ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον 3, 4, 35, ἐπὶ τοὺς ἵππους ἀναβιβαστέον Plat. Rep. V, 467 e; προελϑεῖν ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα Thuc. 2, 34; ἐπὶ πόλιν διώκων, zur Stadt hin, Aesch. Sept. 89; ἐς Μακεδόνων χώραν ἁφικόμεσϑ' ἐπ' Ἀξίου ποταμόν Pers. 485; κέλσας ἐπ' ἀκτάς Eum. 10; εἶμ' ἐπὶ ναῦν Soph. Phil. 622; ἐπὶ σεμνὸν ἑζόμην βάϑρον O. C. 100; ἐξῆλϑον ἐπὶ τὴν Χαλκιδικήν Thuc. 2, 70; ὅταν πρὸς δαῖτά τε καὶ ἐπὶ ϑοίνην ἴωσι Plat. Phaedr. 238 b; κληϑεὶς δεῦρ' ἐπὶ δεῖπνον Conv. 174 e; ὁδὸς ἐπὶ Σοῦσα φέρει Xen. An. 3, 2, 15. Seltener so von Menschen, auf Einen zu, 4, 7, 23; ἐπὶ πόδα ἀναχωρεῖν, s. dieses Verbum. Auch bei Verbis der Ruhe (vgl. εἰς), z. B. καταστὰς ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆϑος Thuc. 4, 84, d. i. in die Volksversammlung geführt; καταστὰς ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἀϑηναίους ib. 97; ἐπιστῆναι ἐπὶ ζυγόν Arr. An. 2, 3; παρεῖναι ἐπὶ τὰς ϑύρας Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, 12. 6, 1, 1, u. oft in dieser Vrbdg; vgl. Plat. Conv. 212 d; ἐπὶ τὸν τάφον Thuc. 2, 24; ἐπὶ τὰς εἰςόδους στῆναι Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, 68; τὰ δόρατα ἐπὶ τὸν δεξιὸν ὦμον ἔχειν, sc. λαβόντες, An. 1, 3, 25; ἦσαν ἐπὶ χαράδραν 4, 2, 3; εἴκαζεν ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρον ἔσεσϑαί σε Luc. Hermot. 2. Bei Sp. geradezu wie ἐπί τινος, z. B. Long. 4, 34. In ἐπὶ δεξιά, ἐπ' ἀριστερά, zur Rechten u. Linken, ist immer an die Bewegung dahin zu denken, Il. 7, 238. 12, 240 u. A. Bes. in Vrbdgn, wie τὰ ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ ἐςπλέοντι τοῦ Ἑλληςπόντου αἵρεε πάντα, Her. 6, 33; vgl. Xen. An. 6, 2, 1; so ἐπ' ἐκεῖνα, was auch ἐπέκεινα geschrieben wird; ἐπὶ ϑάτερα, Thuc. 7, 37; Xen. An. 5, 4, 10 Hell. 6, 2, 7. Aehnlich ἐπὶ δόρυ ἀναστρέφειν, d. i. rechtsumkehrt machen, Xen. An. 4, 3, 29; – ἐπὶ τάδε, oft Pol., diesseits; – λέγειν ἐπί τινα, zu Jem. sprechen, Her. – Bes. im feindlichen Sinne, gegen, wider, von Hom. an überall, bes. von Menschen, ἐπ' ἄλλην ἄλλος ἴϑυνεν δόρυ Aesch. Pers. 403; ἐπιϑρώσκειν, ὁρμᾶσϑαι, Soph. O. R. 469, vgl. 215 Ai. 47. 157; ὥσπερ ϑηρίον ἧκεν ἐφ' ἡμᾶς ὡς διαρπασόμενος Plat. Rep. I, 336 b. – b) über od. durch Etwas hin, draufhin, die Ausdehnung u. Verbreitung im Raume bezeichnend, ἐπ' ἐννέα κεῖτο πέλεϑρα, er lag da über neun Morgen Landes hingestreckt, Od. 11, 577; so oft πλεῖν ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον, περᾶν, ὁρᾶν, λεύσσειν, über das Meer hin; ἐπὶ πολλὰ ἀλήϑην, über viele Lande hin, Od. 14, 120; κλέος πάντας ἐπ' ἀνϑρώπους, unter allen Menschen verbreitet, Il. 10, 213, vgl. 24, 202; Hes. O. 11 Th. 95; ἐπὶ πᾶσαν χϑόνα ϑεῖον ἐλαύνει Aesch. Pers. 74; ἐπὶ τὸ πᾶν πέλαγος Plat. Critia. 108 e; ἐπὶ πᾶσαν Εὐρώπην ἐλλόγιμοι ἦσαν, durch ganz Europa hin, ing. E., 112 e; τὸ κάλλιστον γένος ἐπ' ἀνϑρώπους γεγονός Tim. 23 a. Auch bei Angabe des Maaßes, παρετέτατο ἡ τάφρος ἐπὶ δώδεκα παρασάγγας Xen. An. 1, 7, 15; πλάτος ἔχων πλεῖον ἢ ἐπὶ δύο στάδια Cyr. 7, 5, 8, öfter, s. unter 3. – 2) von der Zeit, Ausdehnung bis zu einem gewissen Punkte; ἐπὶ χρόνον, auf eine Zeit, eine Zeit lang, Il. 2, 299; Her. 9, 22; ἐπ' ἠῶ, bis, um Morgen, Od. 7, 288; ἐπὶ γῆρας 8, 226; ἐπὶ πολλὸν χρόνον 12, 407, wie ἐπὶ δηρόν, auf lange, Il. 9, 415; ὁ ἐπ' ἡμέραν ἔχων, der für den Tag zu leben hat, Her. 1, 32 u. oft; vgl. Soph. Tr. 1118. ἐπὶ χρόνον τινά, ἐπὶ πολὺν χρόνον, Plat. Prot. 344 b Phaed. 84 c; ἐπ' ἀνϑρώπων γενεάς Xen. Cyr. 5, 2, 4; ἐφ' ἡμέραν ἀρκεῖν 6, 2, 34 u. A. Aehnlich – 3) bei Zahl- u. Maaßbestimmungen, bis zu, bis auf; ἐπὶ διηκόσια, bis zu zweihundert, Her. u. A.; ἐφ' ὅσον, soweit, Il. 3, 12. 15, 358; ἐπὶ τόσον, bis zu dieser Größe, Od. 5, 251; ὅσσον τ' ἐπὶ ἥμισυ πάσης, bis zur Hälfte des ganzen Schiffes, 13, 114; ἐπὶ μακρόν, weithin, 6, 117; διασπειρόμενοι ἐφ' ὅσον καλῶς εἶχε, über einen so weiten Raum hin, als es gut war, Xen. An. 6, 1, 19, vgl. Cyr. 5, 4, 84; ἐπ' ὅσον ἔποψις τοῦ ἱροῠ εἶχεν Her. 1, 64; ἐπὶ πολύ, weithin, Thuc. 2, 79; Xen. An. 1, 8, 8; ἐπὶ πάμπολυ τῆς ϑαλάττης 7, 5, 12 (aber ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ, meistentheils, 3, 1, 42 Arist. sehr oft); ἐπὶ πολλοὺς τεταγμένοι, viel Mann hoch, 4, 8, 11; vgl. Thuc. 4, 93. 94 u. oben I, 4; ἐπὶ τρεῖς ἀσπίδας Arr.; ἐπὶ μίαν ναῦν Pol. 1, 26, 13. – 4) Uebertr., zu, Zweck u. Absicht auszudrücken; ἐπὶ ἔργα τράποντο, sie wandten sich zur Arbeit, Il. 3, 422; ἐπ' ἰϑύν, zur Unternehmung, Od. 4, 434, ἐφ' ἁρπαγὴν τραπέσϑαι Xen. An. 7, 1, 18; ἰέναι ἐπὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα 3, 1, 22; ἰέναι ἐπὶ ϑήραν Her. 1, 37; ἐπὶ ϑεωρίαν Plat. Crit. 52 b, ἐπὶ ἐμπορίαν ἀποδημεῖν Lycurg. 57, zum Handel verreisen; ἐπ' αὐτό γε τοῠτο πάρεσμεν, eben deswegen sind wir hierher gekommen, Plat. Gorg. 447 b, οὐκ ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἤλϑομεν, wir haben dies nicht unternommen, Xen. An. 2, 5, 22; ἐπὶ πᾶν ἐλϑεῖν, Alles unternehmen, Alles aufbieten, 3, 1, 18; εἰς πάντ' ἀφῖγμαι κοὐδὲν εἴργασμαι πλέον Eur. Hipp. 286; ἐπὶ πάντ' ἀφίξομαι Soph. O. R. 265, vgl. ἐπ' ἔσχατα βαίνειν, zum Aeußersten, O. C. 217; bes. um Etwas zu erreichen, bei den Verbis der Bewegung, στέλλειν ἐπ' ἀγγελίην, auf, nach Botschaft ausschicken, Il. 4, 384; ἐπὶ βοῦν ἴτω, er gehe, um den Stier zu holen, 3, 421; seltener auch von Personen, ἐπ' Ὀδυσῆα ἤϊε 5, 149; ποτὲ μὲν κακὸν ἄλλοτ' ἐπ' ἐσϑλὸν ἕρπει Soph. Ant. 364, vgl. Phil. 43; πέμπειν ἀρωγὴν ἐπὶ νίκην Aesch. Ch. 471; Sept. 843; ἐφ' ὃ ἕκαστος πέφυκεν, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ μὴ πονεῖν γεγονότας Plat. Rep. VII, 537 a, Legg. VI, 779 a; λέγεται Ἡρακλῆς ἐπὶ τὸν Κέρβερον καταβῆναι, nach dem Cerberus, um ihn herauszuholen, Xen. An. 5, 10, 2; ἐπὶ ξύλα παρέπεμψε Thuc. 4, 13; οἱ ἐπὶ τὰ χρήματα παρόντες Pol. 29, 3, 7; 10, 34, 8; φρύγανα συλλέγειν ὡς ἐπὶ πῦρ Xen. An. 4, 3, 11. – 5) Allgemeine Beziehungen: ἐπὶ στάϑμην, nach der Richtschnur, Od. 5, 245; – ἐπ' ἴσα, adverbial, gleich, unentschieden, vom Treffen, Il. 12, 436; ἐπὶ πλέον οὐκ ἀκήκοα, mehr, Plat. Phaedr. 261 b; ἐπ' ἔλαττον 93 b; ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιστον λέγων Gorg. 503 e; vgl. ἐπὶ τὰ γελοιότερα ἐπαινέσαι, so daß es lächerlich wird, Conv. 214 e; Phil. 40 b, ἐπὶ τὸ μεῖζον κοσμεῖν, übertreibend, Thuc. 1, 10; καϑ' ἕκαστα – ἐπὶ πάντα, im Allgemeinen, Soph. 235 c.
In Zusammensetzungen ist es 1) örtlich, auf, bei, in, an, sowohl mit dem Begriffe der Ruhe, ἐπίγειος, ἐπιπολάζω, als der Bewegung, ἐπιβαίνω, ἐπιτίϑημι; auch der Richtung nach, u. feindlich, gegen, ἔπειμι, ἐπιστρατεύω, übertr. ἐπιϑυμέω, dabei, ἐπιϑρηνέω. – 2) zeitlich, darauf, darnach, ἐπιγίγνομαι, ἐπιβιόω; u. übh. Hinzukommen, ἐπιδίδωμι. – 3) Veranlassung, ἐπιγελάω. – 4) Wiederholung, ἐπέρομαι. – 5) Abhängigkeit, Unterwerfung, ἐπαίτιος, ἐπικίνδυνος. Dah. Gemäßheit, ἐπίκαιρος. – Ueber die Zahlenverbindungen und andere s. die Composita selbst.
In der Anastrophe ἔπι, oft bei Dichtern, bes. Epikern.
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9 επι
I.I(перед гласн. - ἐπ΄, перед придых. - ἐφ΄; in crasi: κἀπί, κἀπ΄ - ион. κἠπί = καὴ ἐπί; οὑπί = ὅ ἐπί; τοὐπί = τὸ ἐπί; τἀπί = τὰ ἐπί; анастроф. ἔπι)(1) (на вопрос «где?»)- на(στῆναι ἐπι πύργου Hom.; ἐφ΄ ἵππων καὴ ἐπὴ νεῶν βαίνειν Aesch.; ἐπὴ γῆς καὴ ὑπὸ γῆς Plat.)
ἐπὴ τῶν πλευρῶν Xen. — на флангах;ἐπὴ προσπόλου μιᾶς χωρεῖν Soph. — идти в сопровождении единственной помощницы;ἐπὴ τελευτῆς Arst. — в конце- у, при, близ, подле(κόλπος ὅ ἐπὴ Ποσιδηΐου Her.; μεῖναι ἐπὴ τοῦ ποταμοῦ Xen.)
αἱ ἐπὴ Λήμνου ἐπικείμεναι νῆσοι Her. — острова, лежащие близ Лемноса- в(ἐπὴ τοῦ προαστείου Thuc.; ἐπὴ τῶν ἐργαστηρίων καθίζοντες Isocr.; καταλῦσαι τὸν βίον ἐπὴ τῆς πατρίδος Luc.)
οἱ ἐπὴ Θρᾴκης Thuc. — находящиеся во Фракии;οἱ ἐπὴ τῆς Ἀσίας κατοικοῦντες Isocr. — жители Азии;ἐπὴ τῆς οἰκίας Polyb. — дома(2) (на вопрос «куда?») на(ἐπὴ τῆς γῆς καταπίπτειν Xen.)
— в, к, по направлению (ἐπὴ τοῦ κόλπου πλεῦσαι Thuc.; ἥ ἐπὴ Βαβυλῶνος ὁδός Xen.):ἐπὴ τῆς εὐθείας κινεῖσθαι Arst. — двигаться по прямой (линии);ἀναχωρεῖν ἐπ΄ οἴκου Thuc. — вернуться домой;ἐπί στρατοπέδου ἐλθεῖν Xen. — прийти в лагерь;ἐπὴ γνώμης τινός γενέσθαι Dem. — присоединиться к чьему-л. мнению(3) в присутствии, перед (лицом)(ἐπὴ μαρτύρων Isae., Xen.; ἐπὴ τοῦ δικαστηρίοιυ Isocr., Arst.)
ἐπ΄ ἐκκλησίας Thuc. — в народном собрании(4) (при числах, мерах и т.п.) поἐφ΄ ἑνός Xen. — по одному, поодиночке;
τὸ μέτωπον ἐπὴ τριακοσίων, τὸ δὲ βάθος ἐφ΄ ἑκατόν Xen. — по триста (человек) по фронту и по сто в глубину;ἐπὴ ὀκτὼ πλίνθων τὸ εὖρος Xen. — по восемь кирпичей в ширину(5) во время, в, при(ἐπὴ Κρόνου Hes., Plat.; ἐπὴ τῶν ἡμετέρων προγόνων Xen.; ἐπὴ δείπνου Luc.; ἐπὴ τῶν δείπνων Diod. и ἐπὴ τῆς τραπέζης Plut.)
ἐπὴ τῶν πράξεων Xen. — при наличии дела, когда нужно действовать;ἐπὴ τῆς ἐμῆς ζόης Her. — при моей жизни, пока я жив;ἐπ΄ ἐμεῦ Her., ἐπ΄ ἐμοῦ Dem. — в мое время;οἱ ἐφ΄ ἡμῶν Xen. — наши современники;ἐπὴ σχολῆς Aeschin. — в свободное время, на досуге;ἐπὴ τοῦ παρόντος Arst. — в настоящий момент, пока;ἐπὴ καιροῦ Dem. и ἐπὴ τῶν καιρῶν Aeschin. — вовремя, кстати:ἐπὴ μιᾶς ἡμέρας Luc. — в один (и тот же) день;ταύτας (τὰς πόλιας) ἐπ΄ ἡμέρης ἑκάστης αἵρεε Her. — (Даврис) брал эти города по одному в день(6) по поводу, насчет, относительно, о(ἐπί τινος λέγειν Plat., Arst.; ἐπί τινος σκοπεῖν Xen.; ἐπὴ πάντων ὀργίζεσθαι Dem.)
κρίνειν τι ἐπί τινος Dem. — высказывать какое-л. суждение о чем-л.(7) в соответствии с (чем-л.), на основании, по(8) (выраж. отношение, зависимость, причастность, должность и т.п.; в переводе часто опускается)ἐπὴ νόσου ἔχεσθαι Soph. — быть пораженным болезнью;
ἐπὴ τῆς φιλότητος Arst. — под влиянием любви;(αὐτὸς) ἐφ΄ ἑαυτοῦ Her., Thuc., Xen., Plat.; — сам по себе, тж. отдельно, самостоятельно;ἐπὴ ὀνόματός τινος εἶναι Dem. — носить какое-л. имя;ἥ ἐπ΄ Ἀνταλκίδου εἰρήνη Xen. — Анталкидов мир;τὸ ἐφ΄ ἑαυτῶν Thuc. — их собственные дела, их личные интересы;μένειν ἐπὴ τῆς ἀρχῆς Xen. — оставаться у власти;οἱ ἐπὴ τῶν πραγμάτων (ὄντες) Dem. — государственные деятели;ὅ ἐπὴ τῶν δεσμῶν Luc. — тюремщик;ὅ ἐπὴ τῶν ὁπλιτῶν Dem. — начальник гоплитов;ὅ ἐπὴ τῶν ἐπιστολῶν Plut. — писец, секретарь;ὅ ἐπὴ τοῦ οἴνου Plut. — виночерпий;οἱ ἐπ΄ ἀξίας Luc. — высокопоставленные лица(9) (преимущ. в нареч. оборотах) в, приἐπὴ πάντων Dem. — во всех случаях, при всех обстоятельствах;
ἐπὴ ἡσυχίας τινός Dem. — при (ввиду) чьей-л. беспечности;ἐπ΄ ἀδείας Plut. — в условиях безопасности;ἐπὴ σπουδῆς Plat. — прилежно, усердно;ἐπὴ ῥοπῆς μιᾶς εἶναι Thuc. — быть на волосок от гибели;ἐπ΄ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας Dem. — как оно действительно и есть (было), со всей истинностью;ἐπὴ κεφαλαίων Dem. — в общих чертах;ἔσται ὅ λόγος ἐπὴ παραδείγματος Aeschin. — скажем к примеру;ἐπ΄ ὅρκου Her. — клятвенно;ἐπ΄ ἴσας Soph. — равным образом, точно так же;οὐδ΄ ἐπὴ σμικρῶν λόγων Soph. — ни одним словечком, т.е. нисколько, никак(10) (по)среди, в числеοὐδεὴς ἐπ΄ ἀνθρώπων Soph. — никто из людей
(1) (на вопрос «где?») на(ἐπὴ πᾶσιν βωμοῖς καίειν τι Hom.; ζωέμεν ἐπὴ χθονί Hes.; ἐπὴ τῇ πυρᾷ κεῖσθαι Plat.)
ἐπὴ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἐπεῖναι Xen. — находиться на домах;ἐφ΄ ἵππῳ Xen. — на коне (верхом);ἐπὴ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ (sc. κέρᾳ) Xen. — на левом фланге:ἐπ΄ ἀμφοτέροις Arst. — с обеих сторон;— внутри, в (ἐπὴ δώμασιν ἕλκειν μακρόπονον ζωάν Eur.; ἐπὴ ταῖς οἰκίαισι τὰς δίκας δικάζειν Arph.);— при, у, возле (ἐπὴ Κελάδοντι μάχεσθαι Hom.; ἐπὴ θαλάττῃ οἰκεῖν Xen.):ἐπὴ δόξῃ κτίσαι τινά Plut. — прославить кого-л.(2) (на вопрос «куда?») на(ἐπὴ γαίῃ καταθέσθαι Hom.: ἐπὴ γᾷ πίπτειν Soph.)
— в, к, по направлению (βλέπειν ἐπί τινι Soph.):καταδεῖν ἵππους ἐπὴ κάπῃσιν Hom. — привязать лошадей к яслям;ἐπὴ οἷ καλέσας Hom. — подозвав к себе(3) в присутствии, перед(4) против(ἐπ΄ ἐχθροῖς χεῖρα τρέπειν Soph.; ἐπί τινι μηχανήν τινα ἱστάναι Eur.; τινὰ ἐπί τινι συνιστάναι Her.)
ἐφ΄ Ἕκτορι ἀκοντίζειν Hom. — метать в Гектора копья(5) (вслед) за(τῷ δ΄ ἐπὴ ὦρτο Διομήδης Hom.)
ἐπ΄ ἐξειργασμένοις Aesch., Her.; — после того, как дело свершилось;ἐπὴ τούτῳ ἀνέστη Προκλῆς καὴ εἶπεν Xen. — после него встал Прокл и сказал(6) кроме, помимо, сверх(ἐπὴ τούτῳ, ἐπὴ τῷδε и ἐπὴ τούτοις Her., Eur., Xen., Arst.)
τὰ λοιπὰ τὰ ἐπὴ τούτοισι Her. — то, что после этого осталось;τρισχίλιοι ἐπὴ μυρίοις Plut. — три тысячи сверх десяти тысяч, т.е. тринадцать тысяч;μεῖζον ἐπὴ κέρδεϊ κέρδος Hes. — огромная прибыль;φόνος ἐπὴ φόνῳ Eur. — непрерывный ряд убийств(7) за, позадиοἱ ἐπὴ πᾶσιν Xen. — следующие за всеми, т.е. арьергард:
(8) в честь, в память(ἐπί τινι λέγειν, sc. ἔπαινον Thuc., Lys., Plat.)
ὅ λίθινος λέων ἕστηκεν ἐπὴ Λεωνίδῃ Her. — каменное изваяние льва воздвигнуто в честь Леонида(9) (выраж. принадлежность или зависимость; в переводе обычно опускается)τἀπὴ σοὴ κακά Soph. — твои несчастья;
ἐπί τινι τήν ἀρχέν ποιεῖσθαι Plut. — передать кому-л. (свою) власть, т.е. назначить кого-л. своим преемником;καταλείπειν τι ἐπί τινι Arst. — предоставить что-л. на чьё-л. усмотрение;ἐπί τινι εἶναι Xen., Plat.; — быть в чьей-л. власти, находиться в чьём-л. распоряжении:ἐπὴ τῷ πλήθει κράτος, sc. ἐστίν Soph. — власть принадлежит народу;τὰ πάντα τότ΄ ἦν ἐπὴ τοῖς τότ΄ ἔθεσι Dem. — все было тогда обусловлено тогдашними нравами;τὸ ἐπὴ τούτοις εἶναι Lys. — насколько это от них зависит(10) (об управлении, начальствовании или владении) во главеἐπὴ τοσούτῳ στρατεύματι Thuc. — во главе столь большого войска;
ναύαρχος ἐπὴ ταῖς ναυσίν Xen. — флотоводец;ὅ ἐπὴ τοῖς καμήλοις Xen. — погонщик верблюдов;ἀπολιπεῖν τινα κληρονόμον ἐπὴ πολλοῖς κτήμασιν Plut. — оставить кого-л. наследником больших богатств(11) во время, в течение(ἐφ΄ ἡμέρῃ ἠδ΄ ἐπὴ νυκτί Hes.)
ἐπ΄ ἤματι Hom. — днем, но тж. в течение (одного) дня;ἐπὴ τῷ δείπνῳ ( или σίτῳ) Xen. — за трапезой;ἥλιος ἧν ἐπὴ δυσμαῖς — солнце клонилось к закату;ἐπὴ (τῇ) τελευτῇ Arst. — в конце;ἐπὴ κυνί Arst. — во время каникул, т.е. в самое знойное время года(12) сообразно, согласно, соответственно(ἐπὴ τοῖς νόμοις Dem.; καλεῖσθαι Ῥώμην ἐπὴ Ῥωμύλῳ τέν πόλιν Plut.)
κεκλῆσθαι ἐπί τινι Plat. — быть названным по имени чего-л.;ἐπὴ πᾶσι οικαίοις Aeschin., Dem.; — по всей справедливости(13) вследствие, по поводу, из-за(ἐπί τινι μάλα πολλὰ παθεῖν Hom., γελᾶν ἐπί τινι Aesch.)
ἐπ΄ εὐνοία τῆς πόλεως Lys. — из любви к отечеству;ἐφ΄ αἵματι φεύγειν Dem. — подвергнуться изгнанию за убийство(14) с целью, ради, дляἐφ΄ οἶς ἐλήλυθας Soph. — (то), ради чего ты прибыл;
ὀδόντες ἐπὴ τῷ διαιρεῖν Arst. — зубы для разрезания (пищи), т.е. резцы;ἐπὴ θανάτῳ συλλαβεῖν Isocr., Diod., Luc.; — схватить и предать смерти;ἐπὴ σωτηρίᾳ κοινῇ Plut. — для общего блага;ἐπ΄ ὠφελείᾳ τῶν φίλων Plat. — на пользу друзьям;ἐπ΄ ἀγαθῷ τινος Xen. — для чьего-л. блага(15) в отношении, что касается (до)ἐπὴ ἐπῶν ποιήσει Ὅμηρον μάλιστα τεθαύμακα Xen. — в области эпической поэзии я больше всего восторгаюсь Гомером
(16) (в мат. и проч. обозначениях)τὸ ἐφ΄ ᾦ — В Arst. ( нечто), обозначаемое буквой В
(17) против(ἥ ἐπὴ τῷ Μήδῳ συμμαχίᾳ Thuc.; νόμους ἐπὴ τοῖς ἀδικοῦσι ἀναγράψαι Dem.)
(18) ( об условии) на, заἐπ΄ ἀργύρῳ Soph., ἐπ΄ ἀργυρίῳ Dem., Arst. и ἐπὴ χρήμασιν Dem. — за деньги;
ἐπὴ κέρδεσι Soph. и ἐπὴ κέρδει Xen. — из-за выгоды;ἐπ΄ οὐδενί Her. — ни за что;ἐπὴ μεγάλοις τόκοις Dem. — за высокий процент;δανείζειν ἐπὴ νηΐ Dem. — давать ссуду под залог корабля;ἐπὴ τοῖς εἰρημένοις Eur. и ἐπὴ ῥητοῖς Thuc. — на (заранее) установленных условиях;ἐπὴ τῇ ἴσῃ καὴ ὁμοίᾳ Thuc. — на равных и одинаковых условиях(1) (на вопрос «где?») наἐπὴ πολύ Thuc., Xen.; — на далеком расстоянии;
ἐπ΄ ἀμφότερα Her., Arst.; — по обе стороны, с обеих сторон, в обоих направлениях;— у, при, в (ἐπὴ τὰς εἰσόδους στῆναι Xen.)(2) (на вопрос «куда?») наἡ ἀχθεῖσα ἐπὴ τέν βάσιν (sc. γραμμή) Arst. — опущенная на основание (прямая) линия, т.е. перпендикуляр;
— в, (по направлению) к (ἐπὴ βωμὸν ἄγειν Hom.; ἐπὴ συμφορέν ἐμπίπτειν Her.; ἐπὴ τέν περιφέρειαν φέρεσθαι Arst.; ἥ ὁδὸς ἐπὴ Ἐκβάτανα φέρει Xen.):ἐπὴ τέρμα ἀφίκετο Hom. — от достиг цели;ἐπὴ τὸ αὐτὸ αἱ γνῶμαι ἔφερον Thuc. — мнения сошлись(3) на протяжении, через, поπουλὺν ἐφ΄ ὑγρήν Hom. — по широко раскинувшемуся морю;
ἐπὴ πολλὰ ἀλήθην Hom. — я обошел много стран;ἐπὴ εἴκοσι σταδίους Xen. — на расстоянии двадцати стадиев(4) среди, между(κλέος πάντας ἐπ΄ ἀνθρώπους Hom.)
τὸ κάλλιστον γένος ἐπ΄ ἀνθρώπους Plat. — красивейшее из человеческих племен(5) против(πέμπειν στρατηγὸν ἐπί τινα Her.; ἰέναι ἐπὴ τοὺς πολεμίους Xen.)
ταῦτ΄ ἐφ΄ ὑμᾶς ἐστιν Dem. — это направлено против вас(6) во время, в течениеἐπὴ χρόνον Hom., Her. и ἐπὴ χρόνον τινά Plat. — в течение некоторого времени;
ἐπὴ δύο ἡμέρας Thuc. — в течение двух дней;ἐπὴ βραχύ Arst. — вскоре и вкратце(7) (вплоть) до(ἐπ΄ ἠῶ Hom.)
ἐπὴ γῆρας ἱκέσθαι Hom. — дожить до старости(8) сообразно, согласноἐπὴ στάθμην ἰθύνειν Hom. — выравнивать по (натянутому) шнуру;
ἐπὴ τοῦτον τὸν λόγον Lys. — на основании этих слов(9) ( разделительно) поἐπὴ πέντε καὴ εἴκοσιν Thuc. — по двадцати пяти;
ἐπὴ μίαν ναῦν Polyb. — по одному кораблю в ряд, т.е. в кильватерной колонне(10) ( при указании промежутка времени) на(ἐπὴ δέκα ἔτη Thuc.)
ὅσον ἐπ΄ ἀνθρώπων γενεάν Xen. — сколько хватило бы на (всю) человеческую жизнь;ἐπ΄ ἡμέρην ἔχειν Her. — иметь дневное пропитание(11) ( при указании числа или меры) в пределах, около, до(ἐπὴ διηκόσια Her.)
μέ ὅλος ψευδής, ἀλλ΄ ἐπί τι Arst. — ложный не вполне, а частично(12) что касается (до), в отношении(τοὐπὴ τήνδε τέν κόρην Soph.)
ἵπποι ἐπὴ νῶτον ἔϊσαι Hom. — кобылицы, равные по хребту, т.е. одинакового роста(13) с целью, дляἥκειν ἐπὴ πρᾶγος πικρόν Aesch. — прийти по печальному делу;ἐπὴ τὸ βοηθεῖν τινι Arst. — для оказания помощи кому-л.;χρήσιμος ἐπὴ οὐδέν Dem. — ни на что не годный(14) ( в наречных выражениях)ἐπὴ πᾶν Thuc., Arst. и ἐπὴ πάντα Plat. — в общем, в целом, вообще;
ἐπὴ βάθος Thuc. — в глубину;ἐπὴ διπλάσιον Xen. — вдвое;ἐπὴ πλέον καὴ μᾶλλον ἢ ἐπ΄ ἔλαττον καί ἧττον Plat. — в большей или в меньшей степени;ἐπὴ ἶσα Hom. — поровну, ( о борьбе) без чьего-л. перевеса;ἐπὴ ὅσον δεῖ Thuc. — (на)сколько нужно;ἐπὴ (σ)μικρόν Soph., Arst.; — немного, мало;ἐπὴ μεῖζον κοσμῆσαί τι Thuc. — чрезмерно разукрасить что-л.;ἐπὴ γελοιότερα Plat. — выставляя на смех;ἐπὴ τὸ ἄπειρον Arst. — до бесконечности, бесконечно;ἐπὴ τὸ χεῖρον Arst. — к худшему, во вред;ἐπὴ (τὸ) πολύ Xen., Arst.; — во многих случаях, (очень) частоIIadv.1) поверх, наверху, сверхуἐπὴ ἄλφιτα πάλυνεν Hom. — поверх (Гекамеда) насыпала муки;
χυτέν ἐπὴ γαῖαν ἔχευαν Hom. — сверху (над могилой Патрокла) насыпали курган2) тогда, затем3) а также, сверх того, далееἐπὴ δὲ πλήξιππον Ὀρέστην Hom. — (Гектор и Арей убили) также искусного наездника Ореста
II.Iанастрофически = ἐπί См. επι IIIοὐ γὰρ ἔπ΄ ἀνήρ, οἷος Ὀδυσσεὺς ἔσκεν Hom. — ибо нет мужа, каким был Одиссей;
ἔπι τοι καὴ ἐμοὴ θάνατος Hom. — ибо ведь и надо мной нависла смерть -
10 πιστεύω
πιστεύω (Trag.+) impf. ἐπίστευον; 1 aor. ἐπίστευσα; pf. πεπίστευκα; plpf. πεπιστεύκειν Ac 14:23 (on the omission of the augment s. B-D-F §66, 1; Mlt-H. 190). Pass.: fut. 3 pl. πιστευθήσονται Gen 42, 20; 1 aor. ἐπιστεύθην; pf. πεπίστευμαι (the word does not occur in Phlm, 2 Pt, 2 and 3J, Rv, MPol, or D. But it is a special favorite of J and 1J, where it is found 96 times and 9 times respectively; πίστις is not found in the gospel at all, and occurs in 1J only once, 5:4. Our lit. uses it quite predominantly in a transcendent sense, or at least w. transcendent coloring).① to consider someth. to be true and therefore worthy of one’s trust, believeⓐ believe (in) someth., be convinced of someth., w. that which one believes (in) indicatedα. by acc. of thing (Soph., Oed. Rex 646 τάδε; Aristot., Analyt. Pr. 2, 23, 68b, 13 ἅπαντα; PSI 494, 14 μηθέν; UPZ 70, 29 [152/151 B.C.] π. τὰ ἐνύπνια; ApcEsdr 7:12 p. 32, 26 τὸ βιβλίον τοῦτο) ἡ ἀγάπη πάντα πιστεύει 1 Cor 13:7. πεπιστεύκαμεν τὴν ἀγάπην we believe in the love 1J 4:16. πιστεύεις τοῦτο; J 11:26b. Cp. Ac 13:41 (Hab 1:5). Pass. ἐπιστεύθη τὸ μαρτύριον ἡμῶν our testimony was believed 2 Th 1:10b (cp. Aristot., EN 10, 2 p. 1172b, 15 ἐπιστεύοντο οἱ λόγοι; Gen 42:20).β. by means of a ὅτι-clause believe that (Plut., Mor. 210d; Aelian, VH 1, 16 p. 8, 9; Herm. Wr. 4, 4: Porphyr., Ad Marcellam 24; PLond III, 897, 12 p. 207 [I A.D.]; Tob 10:8 S; Job 9:16; 15:31; 39:12; La 4:12; 4 Macc 7:19; TestAbr A 18 p. 100, 18 [Stone p. 48]; ParJer 6:7; Just., A I, 18, 2 al.; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 89, 16) μακαρία ἡ πιστεύσασα ὅτι ἔσται τελείωσις Lk 1:45 (ὅτι here may=for: s. ὅτι 4b).—Mk 11:23; cp. vs. 24; J 8:24 (ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι as Is 43:10); 11:27, 42; 13:19; 14:10; 16:27, 30; 17:8, 21; 20:31a; Ac 9:26; Ro 6:8; 10:9; 1 Th 4:14; Hb 11:6; Js 2:19a; 1J 5:1, 5; Hv 3, 8, 4; 4, 2, 4; m 1:1; 6, 2, 10b; Hs 2:5.—[ὅτι εἷς θεός] καὶ εἷς χριστός AcPl Ha 1, 17; AcPlCor 1:8. π. περί τινος ὅτι believe concerning someone that J 9:18 (M. Ant. 1, 15, 5 πιστεύειν περὶ ὧν λέγοι ὅτι οὕτως φρονεῖ=believe concerning whatever he might say, that it was what he actually thought; Just., D. 10, 1 π. ἡμῶν• ὅτι ἐσθίομεν ἀνθρώπους.—π. περί τινος as Plut., Lyc. 19, 4; Jos., Ant. 14, 267).γ. by the acc. and inf. (pres. Pla., Gorg. 524a; PTebt 314, 3 [II A.D.]; 4 Macc 5:25; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 160; Just., A I, 8, 2 al.; Ath. 20, 3) πιστεύω τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ εἶναι τὸν Ἰησοῦν Ac 8:37b.—GMary 463, 8.—IRo 10:2.—By the inf. (Thu 2, 22, 1; Job 15:22; AscIs 2:10 εἰς οὐρανὸν ἀναβῆναι) πιστεύομεν σωθῆναι Ac 15:11 (difft. JNolland, NTS 27, ’80, 112f [inf. of result: ‘we believe (in order) to be saved’]).—By the acc. and ptc. ἐν σαρκὶ αὐτὸν πιστεύω ὄντα I believe that he was in the flesh ISm 3:1.δ. by means of the dat. of thing give credence to, believe (Aeschyl., Pers. 786 θεῶν θεσφάτοισιν; Soph., Phil. 1374 τοῖς ἐμοῖς λόγοις, El. 886; Pla., Phd. 88c, Leg. 7, 798d; Polyb. 5, 42, 9; 9, 33, 1; Herodian 7, 5, 5 ἐλπίδι κρείττονι; BGU 674, 6 τῷ λόγῳ; 2 Ch 9:6 τοῖς λόγοις; Ps 105:24; Pr 14:15; Sir 19:15; En 104:13 ταῖς βίβλοις; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 229 τοῖς κενοῖς λογισμοῖς, Virt. 68 the sayings of God; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 286, Ant. 10, 39 τ. λόγοις; Tat. 18, 2 ὕλης οἰκονομία; Ath. 30, 2 ταῖς γοναῖς τοῦ Διό; Iren. 1, 10, 2 [Harv. I 92, 4] ἡ ἐκκλησία … π. τούτοις [sc. κήρυγμα and πίστις]) οὐκ ἐπίστευσας τοῖς λόγοις μου Lk 1:20 (cp. Iambl., ViPyth. 28, 148 περὶ θεῶν μηδὲν θαυμαστὸν ἀπιστεῖν ‘concerning the gods nothing is so marvelous that it should occasion unbelief’). τῇ γραφῇ καὶ τῷ λόγῳ J 2:22. Cp. 4:50; 5:47ab. τοῖς γεγραμμένοις Ac 24:14 (Diod S 16, 52, 7 πιστεύσαντες τοῖς γεγραμμένοις). τῇ ἐπαγγελίᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Cl 11:1 (Diod S 1, 53, 10 τῇ τοῦ προρρήσει πιστεύειν; 19, 90, 3). τῷ ψεύδει, τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 2 Th 2:11, 12. τῇ καταλαλιᾷ Hm 2:2. τῇ ἀκοῇ ἡμῶν (Is 53:1; cp. Jos., C. Ap. 2, 14 π. ἀκοῇ πρεσβυτέρων) J 12:38; Ro 10:16; 1 Cl 16:3. τοῖς ἔργοις J 10:38b (=their testimony); Hm 6, 2, 10a (that they are good and must be followed).—Pass. ἐπιστεύθη τῷ λόγῳ μου they believed my word Hm 3:3.ε. w. prepositional expressions: εἰς Ro 4:18, if εἰς τὸ γενέσθαι αὐτόν here is dependent on ἐπίστευσεν. πιστεύειν εἰς τὴν μαρτυρίαν believe in the witness 1J 5:10c. ὁ Χριστιανισμὸς οὐκ εἰς Ἰουδαϊσμὸν ἐπίστευσεν the Christian way of life/Christianity did not commit itself to the Judean way/Judaism (s. Hdb. ad loc.) I Mg 10:3a; cp. b (Χριστιανισμόν, εἰς ὸ̔ν πᾶσα γλῶσσα πιστεύσασα). On πιστεύειν εἰς τὸ ὄνομά τινος s. 2aβ below. πιστεύετε ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ believe in the gospel (so Ps 105:12 ἐπίστευσαν ἐν τοῖς λόγοις αὐτοῦ. Rather in the sense ‘put one’s trust in’ Sir 32:21 μὴ πιστεύσῃς ἐν ὁδῷ ἀπροσκόπῳ. See B-D-F §187, 6; Rob. 540. ALoisy, Les Évangiles synopt. I 1907, 430; 434; comm.) Mk 1:15 (Hofmann understands it as ‘on the basis of’, Wohlenberg ‘bei’; Lohmeyer is undecided; Dssm. and Mlt. 67f ‘in the sphere of’; s. p. 235). ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ οὐ πιστεύω IPhld 8:2 (s. Bihlmeyer ad loc.).—ἐπί τινι: πιστεύειν ἐπὶ πᾶσιν οἷς ἐλάλησαν οἱ προφῆται Lk 24:25; Ro 9:33 (Is 28:16).ⓑ w. the pers. to whom one gives credence or whom one believes, in the dat. (Demosth. 18, 10; Aristot., Rhet. 2, 14 p. 1390a, 32; Polyb. 15, 26, 6 τοῖς εἰδόσι τὴν ἀλήθειαν; Herodian 2, 1, 10; PHib 72, 18; POxy 898, 29; PTebt 418, 15; Ex 4:1, 5; 3 Km 10:7; 2 Ch 32:15; Tob 2:14; Jer 47:14; JosAs 13:10; Philo, Praem. 49; Just., A I, 33, 5, D 7, 2 al.) τοῖς θεασαμένοις αὐτὸν ἐγηγερμένον οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν they did not believe those who saw him after he was raised from the dead Mk 16:14. Cp. Mt 21:25, 32abc; Mk 11:31; 16:13; Lk 20:5; J 5:46a; Ac 8:12; 26:27a (τ. προφήταις as Jos., Ant. 11, 96); 1J 4:1; Hm 6, 1, 2ab.—Also of Jesus and God whom one believes, in that one accepts their disclosures without doubt or contradiction: Jesus: Mt 27:42 v.l.; J 5:38, 46b; 6:30; 8:45, 46; 10:37, 38a. God: J 5:24; Ro 4:3 (Gen 15:6), 17 κατέναντι οὗ ἐπίστευσεν θεοῦ (= κατέναντι θεοῦ ᾧ ἐπίστευσεν); Gal 3:6; Js 2:23; 1 Cl 10:6 (all three Gen 15:6). ὁ μὴ πιστεύων τῷ θεῷ ψεύστην πεποίηκεν αὐτόν 1J 5:10b. AcPl Ha 3, 7.ⓒ w. pers. and thing added π. τινί τι believe someone with regard to someth. (X., Apol. 15 μηδὲ ταῦτα εἰκῇ πιστεύσητε τῷ θεῷ) Hm 6, 2, 6.—W. dat. of pers. and ὅτι foll. (ApcEsdr 4:35 p. 29, 12 Tdf.): πιστεύετέ μοι ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ πατρί J 14:11a. Cp. 4:21; Ac 27:25.ⓓ abs. (in which case the context supplies the obj., etc.; cp. ParJer 7:19 γέγονε δὲ τοῦτο, ἵνα πιστεύσωσιν) ἐάν τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ• ἰδοὺ ὧδε ὁ Χριστός, μὴ πιστεύσητε do not believe (him or it [the statement]) Mt 24:23; cp. vs. 26; Mk 13:21; Lk 22:67; J 3:12ab; 10:25f; 12:47 v.l.; 14:29; 16:31; 19:35; 20:8, 25; cp. GJs 19:3. J 20:29ab πιστεύσαντες those who have nevertheless believed (it=the fact of the Resurrection); Ac 4:4; 26:27b; 1 Cor 11:18 πιστεύω I believe (it=that there are divisions among you); 15:11; Js 2:19b even the daemons believe this; Jd 5. Pass. καρδίᾳ πιστεύεται with (or in) the heart men believe (it=that Jesus was raised fr. the dead) Ro 10:10.ⓔ believe = let oneself be influenced κατά τινος against someone Pol 6:1.ⓕ πιστεύομαι I am believed, I enjoy confidence (X., An. 7, 6, 33; Diod S 5, 80, 4 τοῖς μάλιστα πιστευομένοις ἐπηκολουθήσαμεν; 17, 32, 1; 1 Km 27:12; Jos., Ant. 10, 114; PGM 12, 279 πιστευθήσῃ=you will be believed) of Eve παρθένος πιστεύεται people believe that she is a virgin Dg 12:8, or perh. a virgin is entrusted (to someone without fear). S. 3 below.② to entrust oneself to an entity in complete confidence, believe (in), trust, w. implication of total commitment to the one who is trusted. In our lit. God and Christ are objects of this type of faith that relies on their power and nearness to help, in addition to being convinced that their revelations or disclosures are true. The obj. isⓐ givenα. in the dat. (cp. Soph., Philoct. 1374 θεοῖς πιστ.; X., Mem. 1, 1, 5; Ps.-Pla., Epinom. 980c πιστεύσας τοῖς θεοῖς εὔχου; Ptolem. Lagi [300 B.C.]: 138 Fgm. 8 Jac.; Maximus Tyr. 3, 8k τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι; Epict., app. E, 10 p. 488 Sch. θεῷ; Himerius, Or. 8 [=23], 18 πῶς Διονύσῳ πιστεύσω; how can I trust D.?; UPZ 144, 12 [164 B.C.] τ. θεοῖς; Jdth 14:10; Wsd 16:26; 4 Macc 7:21 al. in LXX; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 229 πιστεύειν θεῷ, Rer. Div. Her. 92 μόνῳ θεῷ, Op. M. 45, Sacr. Abel. 70 τῷ σωτήρι θεῷ, Abr. 269, Mos. 1, 225, Virt. 216 [on faith in Philo s. Bousset, Rel.3 446ff; EHatch, Essays in Biblical Gk. 1889, 83ff; ASchlatter, D. Glaube im NT4 1927; EBréhier, Les idées philosophiques et religieuses de Philon d’Alexandrie 1908, 21925; HWindisch, Die Frömmigkeit Philos 1909, 23ff; HWolfson, Philo ’47 I, 143–56, esp. II, 215–18; WPeisker, D. Glaubensbegriff bei Philon, diss. ’36]; Jos., Ant. 2, 117; 333; 3, 309; 20, 48, Bell. 3, 387 [s. ASchlatter, D. Theol. d. Judentums nach d. Bericht des Jos. ’32, 104ff]; Just., A I, 18, 6 al.). Some of the passages referred to in 1b above, end, are repeated, since they may be classified here or there w. equal justification. Of God: π. τῷ θεῷ (Orig., C. Cels. 4, 89, 15) Ac 16:34; 13:12 D; Tit 3:8; PtK 4 p. 16, 2; B 16:7; Hm 12, 6, 2; Hs 5, 1, 5. Cp. m 1:2; AcPl Ha 10, 13f. τῷ κυρίῳ (Sir 11:21; 2:8) Hv 4, 2, 6. οἱ πιστεύσαντες τῷ κυρίῳ διὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ Hs 9, 13, 5. τῷ θεῷ w. ὅτι foll. m 9:7; cp. Hs 1:7.—Of Christ: Mt 27:42 v.l. (for ἐπʼ αὐτόν); J 6:30 (σοί=vs. 29 εἰς ὸ̔ν ἀπέστειλεν ἐκεῖνος); J 8:31 (αὐτῷ=vs. 30 εἰς αὐτόν, but see Mlt. 67f; JSwetnam argues for a plpf. sense here: Biblica 61, ’80, 106–9); Ac 5:14; 18:8a (both τῷ κυρίῳ); Ro 10:14b (οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν = τούτῳ [about equivalent to εἰς τοῦτον; cp. vs. 14a] οὗ οὐκ ἤκ.); 2 Ti 1:12; ITr 9:2; Hs 8, 3, 2.—Pass. be believed in (X., Cyr. 4, 2, 8; 6, 1, 39; Pla., Lach. 181b; Ps.-Demosth. 58, 44 al.; 1 Km 27:12; Just., D. 7, 3; Tat. 10, 2. S. B-D-F §312, 1; also s. Rob. 815f) ἐπιστεύθη ἐν κόσμῳ 1 Ti 3:16.—π. τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ υἱοῦ believe in the name of the Son, i.e. believe in the Son and accept what his name proclaims him to be 1J 3:23.β. w. εἰς (cp. Hippol., Elench. 6, 19, 7 W. οἱ εἰς τὸν Σίμωνα καὶ τὴν Ἑλένην πεπιστευκότες; Just., D. 35, 8 al.) God (BGU 874, 11 π. εἰς τὸν θεόν): J 12:44b; 14:1a (cp. ET 21, 1910, 53–57; 68–70; 138f); 1 Pt 1:21 v.l.=Pol 2:1.—Christ: Mt 18:6; Mk 9:42; J 2:11; 3:15 v.l., 16, 18a, 36; 4:39; 6:29, 35, 40, 47 v.l.; 7:5, 31, 38f, 48; 8:30; 9:35f; 10:42; 11:25, 26a, 45, 48; 12:11, 36 (εἰς τὸ φῶς), 37, 42, 44a, 46; 14:1b, 12; 16:9; 17:20; Ac 10:43; 14:23; 18:8 D; 19:4; Ro 10:14a; Gal 2:16; Phil 1:29; 1 Pt 1:8; 1J 5:10a; AcPlCor 2:31; Hs 8, 3, 2.—εἰς τὸ ὄνομα Ἰησοῦ (or αὐτοῦ, etc.) J 1:12; 2:23; 3:18c; 1J 5:13 (s. ὄνομα 1dβ and s. 2aα above, end). π. εἰς τὸν θάνατον αὐτοῦ ITr 2:1. π. εἰς τὸ αἷμα Χριστοῦ ISm 6:1.γ. w. ἐπί and dat., of God Ac 11:17 D. Of Christ: Mt 27:42 v.l.; J 3:15 v.l.; Ro 9:33; 10:11; 1 Pt 2:6 (the last three Is 28:16); 1 Ti 1:16.δ. w. ἐπί and acc. (Wsd 12:2; Just., D. 46, 1 al.) of God: Ac 16:34 D; Ro 4:5, 24; PtK 3 p. 15, 12. Of Christ: Mt 27:42; J 3:15 v.l.; Ac 9:42; 11:17; 16:31; 22:19.ε. π. ἔν τινι believe in someone (Jer 12:6; Da 6:24 Theod.; Ps 77:22) is questionable in our lit.: in J 3:15 the best rdg. is ἐν αὐτῷ and is prob. to be construed w. ἔχῃ (in J πιστεύω usually takes the prep. εἰς when expressing the obj. of belief, as in 3:16); in Eph 1:13 both occurrences of ἐν ᾧ are prob. to be construed w. ἐσφραγίσθητε (=‘in connection with whom you have been sealed’ [cp. 4:30]); the acts of hearing and believing are coordinate, and πιστεύσαντες, along w. ἀκούσαντες, is used abs. (so REB; less clearly NRSV). But s. 1aε above: π. ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ Mk 1:15; IPhld 8:2.ⓑ not expressed at all (the abs. πιστεύειν in a transcendent sense: Aeschin., In Ctesiph. 1 ἐγὼ πεπιστευκὼς ἥκω πρῶτον τοῖς θεοῖς; Aristot., Rhet. 2, 17, 1391b, 1ff; Plut., Mor. 170f; Porphyr., Ad Marcellam 24 πιστεῦσαι δεῖ, ὅτι [=because] μόνη σωτηρία ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ἐπιστροφή; Herm. Wr. 9, 10ab ἐπίστευσε καὶ ἐν τῇ καλῇ πίστει ἐπανεπαύσατο; cp. 1, 32 πιστεύω καὶ μαρτυρῶ=PapBerl 9795 [RReitzenstein, Studien z. antiken Synkretismus 1926, p. 161, 2]; Num 20:12; Ps 115:1; Is 7:9; Sir 2:13; 1 Macc 2:59; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 14; 101, Deus Imm. 4, Mut. Nom. 178; τότε πιστεύσεις θέλων καὶ μὴ θέλων Theoph. Ant. 1, 8 [p. 74, 7]) Mk 15:32; 16:16f; Lk 8:12f; J 1:7, 50; 3:15, 18b; 4:41f, 48, 53; 5:44; 6:36, 47, 64ab, perh. 69 (MEnslin, The Perf. Tense in the Fourth Gosp.: JBL 55, ’36, 121–31, esp. 128); 9:38; 10:26; 11:15, 40; 12:39; 20:31b; Ac 4:4; 8:13, 37a; 11:21; 13:12, 39, 48; 14:1; 15:5, 7; 17:12, 34; 18:8b, 27; 19:2; 21:25; Ro 1:16; 3:22; 4:11; 10:4; 13:11; 15:13; 1 Cor 1:21; 3:5; 15:2; Gal 3:22; Eph 1:13, 19; 1 Th 2:10, 13; Hb 4:3; 1 Pt 2:7; 1 Cl 12:7; 2 Cl 17:3; 20:2; B 9:3; B 11:11; ISm 3:2; Hs 8, 10, 3; 9, 17, 4; 9, 22, 3. τὸ πιστεύειν faith IMg 9:2. ἐν ἀγάπῃ πιστεύειν IPhld 9:2 (ἐν ἀγάπῃ is here used adv.).—Participles in the var. tenses are also used almost subst.: (οἱ) πιστεύοντες (the) believers, (the) Christians (Orig., C. Cels. 1, 13, 34; Did., Gen. 106, 6) Ac 2:44; Ro 3:22; 1 Cor 14:22ab (opp. οἱ ἄπιστοι); 1 Th 1:7; Hs 8, 3, 3. (οἱ) πιστεύσαντες (those) who made their commitment = (those) who became believers, (the) Christians, Ac 2:44 v.l.; 4:32; 2 Th 1:10a; 2 Cl 2:3; Hs 9, 19, 1. οἱ πεπιστευκότες those who became (and remained) believers Ac 19:18; 21:20 (Just., D. 122, 2).—οἱ μέλλοντες πιστεύειν future believers 1 Cl 42:4; Hm 4, 3, 3a. οἱ νῦν πιστεύσαντες those who have just come to believe ibid. 4, 3, 3b.ⓒ A special kind of this faith is the confidence that God or Christ is in a position to help suppliants out of their distress, have confidence (some of the passages already mentioned might just as well be classified here) abs. ὡς ἐπίστευσας γενηθήτω σοι may it be done to you in accordance with the confidence you have Mt 8:13. ὅσα ἂν αἰτήσητε πιστεύοντες whatever you pray for with confidence 21:22. Cp. Mk 5:36; 9:23f; Lk 8:50; 2 Cor 4:13a (Ps 115:1), b. W. ὅτι foll.: πιστεύετε ὅτι δύναμαι τοῦτο ποιῆσαι; do you have confidence that I am able to do this? Mt 9:28.—Mk 11:23.③ entrust τινί τι someth. to someone (X., Mem. 4, 4, 17; Plut., Mor. 519e; Athen. 8, 341a; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 25, 1; SIG2 845, 7, see for numerous other examples index VI p. 384b. Cp. Wsd 14:5; 1 Macc 8:16; 4 Macc 4:7; TestJob 11:11; Jos., Bell. 4, 492; Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 6) τὸ ἀληθινὸν τίς ὑμῖν πιστεύσει; Lk 16:11. αὐτῷ τοσούτων πιστευο̣μ̣έ̣ν̣ω̣ν̣ since so many (or so much) were ( was) entrusted to him AcPl Ha 7, 21 (connection uncertain). αὐτόν (so N. and Tdf.; v.l. ἑαυτόν) τινι trust oneself to someone (Brutus, Ep. 25; Plut., Mor. 181d ἀνδρὶ μᾶλλον ἀγαθῷ πιστεύσας ἑαυτὸν ἢ ὀχυρῷ τόπῳ=entrusting himself to a good man rather than to a stronghold; EpArist 270; Jos., Ant. 12, 396) J 2:24 (EStauffer, CDodd Festschr., ’56, 281–99.—Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 39a οὐ τοῖς τυχοῦσι φίλοις ἑαυτὸν ἐπίστευσεν=he did not trust himself to casual friends).—Pass. πιστεύομαί τι (B-D-F §159, 4) I am entrusted with someth. (Pla., Ep. 1, 309a; Polyb. 8, 17, 5; 31, 26, 7; Diod S 20, 19, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 136 §568 ἃ ἐπιστεύθην; ins; pap [e.g. PLond I, 121, 608 p. 203]; Jos., Bell. 5, 567, Vi. 137; Ath. 24, 3. Cp. Esth 8:12e.—Dssm., LO 320f [LAE 379]). ἐπιστεύθησαν τὰ λόγια τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 3:2. πεπίστευμαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον Gal 2:7 (PGM 13, 140 ὁ ὑπό σου πάντα πιστευθείς; 446); cp. 1 Th 2:4; 1 Ti 1:11.—Tit 1:3. οἰκονομίαν πεπίστευμαι 1 Cor 9:17; cp. Dg 7:1. S. also 7:2; IMg 6:1; IPhld 9:1ab. πιστεύομαί τι παρά τινος I am entrusted by someone with someth. (Polyb. 3, 69, 1; Jos., Bell. 1, 667): οἱ πιστευθέντες παρὰ θεοῦ ἔργον τοιοῦτο 1 Cl 43:1.④ be confident about, a unique use found in ὸ̔ς μὲν πιστεύει φαγεῖν πάντα, someth. like the one is confident about eating anything Ro 14:2 (a combination of two ideas: ‘the pers. is so strong in the faith’ and: ‘the pers. is convinced that it is permissible to eat anything’; in brief: not cultically fussy. See Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc.; but also B-D-F §397, 2). Another probability is the sense⑤ think/consider (possible), in Ro 14:2 perh. holds everything possible; cp. J 9:18 οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν they refused to entertain the possibility, and Ac 9:26. S. 4 above.—For lit. s. πίστις, end. DELG s.v. πείθομαι. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
11 σωτήριος
σωτήριος, rettend, erhaltend, befreiend, heilbringend; σωτήριός τινος, Aesch. Eum. 671; τάχ' ἂν γενοίμεϑ' αὐτοῠ σὺν ϑεῷ σωτήριοι, Soph. Ai. 766. ϑεοί, El. 273, aber auch τινί, ἦ ταῠτ' ἄριστα καὶ πόλει σωτήρια, Aesch. Spt. 165; πομμπεύς, Eur. Rhes. 228, wie πομπός, Bacch. 963. ναυτίλοις, Or. 1637, u. öfter, τὰ σωφρόνων ἀρχόντων σωτήρια, Plat. Polit. 311 a; τὸ πείϑεσϑαι σωτηριώτερον αὐτοῖς, Xen. Mem. 3, 3, 10; Folgde; – τὸ σωτήριον, die Rettung, ἐξευρίσκωμεν σωτήριον ἐκ τῶν παρόντων, Luc. Iov. Trag. 18; – τὰ σωτήρια, sc. ἱερά, Dankopfer, Dankfest für die Errettung, ϑύειν ϑεοῖς, Xen. An. 3, 2, 9, D. Sic. 17, 100. – Aber Soph. O. C. 488 δέχεσϑαι τὸν ἱκέτην σωτήριον ist wohl rast. = σῶοςzu nehmen. – Adv., S. Emp. adv. phys. I, 113, σωτηρίως ἔχειν, im Ggstz von ἀσώτως, Plut. qu. nat. 26. – In Smyrna hieß der öffentliche Abtritt τὸ σωτήριον.
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12 ΕὝΧομαι
ΕὝΧομαι, aor. ηὐξάμην u. εὐξάμην, perf. ἐμοὶ μετρίως ηὖκται Plat. Phaedr. 279 c, wo es pass. Bdtg hat, wie πανήγυρις εὐχϑεῖσα D. C. 48, 32; aktiv. ist plusqpf. ηὔγμην oder εὔγμην Soph. Tr. 607; εὖκτο Theb. bei Schol. Soph. O. C. 1375; die alten Ep. u. Lyr. brauchen kein Augment, bei den Att. schwankt die Lesart gewöhnlich, doch scheint es vorherrschend weggelassen; geloben, bes. den Göttern, für die Erfüllung eines Wunsches etwas feierlich versprechen, nach alter Art die eigentliche Form des Gebets, beten, flehen, ϑεῷ, zu einem Gotte, Hom. häufig, wie die Folgdn; aber αἵ τέ μοι εὐχόμεναι ϑεῖον δύσονται ἀγῶνα, für mich betend, Il. 7, 298; bes. auch μεγάλ' εὔχεσϑαι, laut, inbrünstig beten, Hom. Iliad. 3, 275, Pind., der auch εὔξασϑαι ἔπος ἀπὸ γλώσσας vrbdt, P. 3, 2; Tragg., εὔχου τὰ κρείσσω συμμάχους εἶναι ϑεούς Aesch. Spt. 248, u. oft, μέτριον ἔπος Suppl. 1045; ἄνδρες εὔχονται γονὰς κατηκόους φύσαντες ἐν δόμοις ἔχειν Soph. Ant. 637; εἰς ὅσον ϑεοῖς εὐξώμεϑα Phil. 1066; – Prosa, Thuc. 3, 58; εὐχώμεϑα ταῖς Μούσαις εἰπεῖν ἡμῖν Plat. Rep. VIII, 545 d, u. oft; καὶ ταῦτ' εὔχονται τοῖς ϑεοῖς Din. 1, 65; εὔχετο πρὸς τοὺς ϑεοὺς ἁπλῶς τἀγαϑὰ διδόναι Xen. Mem. 1, 3, 2; εὐχὰς εὔχεσϑαι πρὸς ϑεοὺς ὑπέρ τινος Aesch. 3, 18; πολυκαρπίαν τοῖς ϑεοῖς, von den Göttern reiche Erndte erflehen, Xen. Mem. 3, 14, 3; Cyr. 2, 3, 1; πολλὰ ἀγαϑὰ τοῖς ϑεοῖς ὑπέρ τινος, von den Göttern viel Gutes für Jem. erflehen, Mem. 2, 2, 10; εὔξαντο καὶ ἐπαιάνισαν An. 3, 2, 9; εὔπλοιαν ὑπέρ τινος, für Jem. eine glückliche Schifffahrt, Plut., der auch μηδὲν παρὰ ϑεῶν vrbdt, de prof. virt. sent. p. 267; auch im bösen Sinne, ὄλοιο· καί σοι πολλάκις τόδ' εὐξάμην Soph. Phil. 1007; μεῖζον αὐτοῖς κακὸν εὐξαίμην Lys. 21, 21; δεινὸν εὔχεσϑαι κατά τινος, fluchen, Luc. abdic. 32. – Auffallend Ἄρτεμιν εὐξαμένη Antp. Th. 38 (IX, 268). – Uebh. wünschen, Pind. u. Folgde; Thuc. 2, 48; u. sonst in Prosa, πολλὰ ἀγαϑὰ αὐτοῖς εὔξονται Plat. Phaedr. 233 e, u. öfter; ἅπαντας ἅπασι πάντα τὰγαϑὰ εὔχεσϑαι, Einem alles Gute wünschen, Dem. 25, 101; τινὶ κακόν Lys. 21, 21; – geloben, mit Zuversicht versprechen, daß man Etwas thun wolle, εὔχομαι ἐξελάαν κύνας Il. 8, 526; ἔρδειν τάδε Aesch. Ag. 907, u. a. D.; in Prosa nur von Gelübden, die den Göttern gethan werden, ϑυσίας Plat. Legg. X, 909 e; Ἀπόλλωνι εὔξαντο ϑεωρίαν ἀπάξειν εἰς Δῆλον Phaed. 58 b; ϑύσειν σωτήρια Xen. An. 3, 2, 9;. ϑεοῖς καϑ' ἑκατόμβης Plut. Mar. 26; κατὰ νικητηρίων Dem. ep. 1 E. – Uebh. = versichern, εὔχετο πάντ' ἀποδοῦναι, er behauptete, Alles bezahlt zu haben, Il. 18, 499; rühmend von sich aussagen, sichrühmen, bei Hom. sehr gew., εὔχομαι εἶναι, πατρὸς ἐξ ἀγαϑοῦ γένος εὔχεται ἔαμεναι υἱός, ἐπεὶ εὔχομαι εἶναι ἄριστος u. ä., gew. nur die bestimmte Aussage, das freudige Bewußtsein ohne den Nebenbegriff des leeren Großprahlens ausdrückend, φησὶ καὶ εὔχεται Il. 14, 366; ἐκ Κρητάων γένος εὔχομαι, ohne inf., ich leite main Geschlecht rühmend von Kreta her, Od. 14, 199; ποίαν γαῖαν εὔχεαι πατρίδ' ἔμμεν Pind. P. 4, 97; δι' ἇς τοι γένος εὔχομεϑ' εἶναι γᾶς ἀπὸ τᾶςδ' ἔνοικοι Aesch. Suppl. 351; οἱ δὲ πλησίοι γύαι τόνδ' ἱππότην Κολωνὸν εὔχονται σφίσιν ἀρχηγὸν εἶναι Soph. O. C. 59; δῃώσειν τὸ Θήβης ἄστυ, er prahlt, er werde zerstören, 1320; Hom. εὔχεαι αὔτως, du prahlst vergeblich, Il. 11, 388. So noch einzeln in Prosa als Nachahmung des homerischen Sprachgebrauches, wie Plat. sagt ὅ γε εὔχομαι εἶναι, ὡς ἔφη Ὅμηρος, Gorg. 449 a; ὁ Μιϑριδάτης εὔχετο ἀπόγονος εἶναι τῶν ἑπτὰ Περσῶν ἑνός Pol. 5, 43, 2; D. Hal. 3, 11 τοὺς αὐτοὺς προγονους εὐχόμεϑα ἑκάτεροι. Für "sich rühmen", "prahlen" ist in Att. Prosa der eigentliche Ausdruck καυχᾶσϑαι; über den doppelten Homerischen Gebrauch von εὔχεσϑαι, = καυχᾶσϑαι und = "beten" vgl. Scholl. Aristonic. Iliad. 10, 461. 21, 183. 501, Lehrs Aristarch. ed. 2 p. 147.
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13 ὑπ-άρχω
ὑπ-άρχω, 1) anfangen, beginnen, ὅςτις ὑπάρξῃ Od. 24, 286; gew. τινός, den Anfang womit machen, den Anlaß wozu geben, ἀδίκων ἔργων, ἀδικίης, Her. 1, 5. 4, 1. 7, 9; κακῶν, Eur. Phoen. 1576 Andr. 273 Herc. fur. 1169; ὑπῆρξαν τῆς ἐλευϑερίας τῇ Ἑλλάδι Andoc. 142; τῆς ἔχϑρας Dem. 59, 1; βίας Plut. Thes. 33; c. accus., εὐεργεσίας τινί Aesch. 2, 26; εἴς τινα, Dem. 19, 280; auch ohne Zusatz, Streit, Händel anfangen, οὐδέν μοι ὑπῆρκτο εἰς αὐτόν Antiph. 5, 58; οὐκ ὑπάρχων, ἀλλὰ τιμωρούμενος Dem. 59, 1; ἀμύνεσϑαι καὶ μὴ προτέρους ὑπάρχειν Isocr. 9, 28; – c. partic., ἐμὲ ὑπῆρξαν ἄδικα ποιεῠντες, sie thaten mir zuerst Unrecht, Her. 7, 8, 2; ὑπάρχει ἀτάσϑαλα ποιέων ἐς τοὺς Ἕλληνας 9, 78; ὑπάρχει εὖ od. κακῶς ποιῶν τινα, er thut Einem zuerst Gutes, fügt Einem zuerst Schaden zu, Xen. An. 2, 3, 23. 5, 5, 9; μήτε ὑπάρχων, μήτε ἀμυνόμενος Plat. Legg. IX, 879 d; eben so Gorg. 456 e; – auch umgekehrt, ὑπάρχων ἠδίκεις αὐτόν, Isocr. 16, 44 u. A. – Bei Sp. auch med., ὑπαρχομένου τοῦ ἦρος, im Beginne des Frühlings, Ael., wie auch Plat. σπείρας καὶ ὑπαρξάμενος ἐγὼ παραδώσω vrbdt, Tim. 41 c. – Pass., τὰ ἔκ τινος ὑπαργμένα (ion. = ὑπηργμένα), das von Einem Angefangene, Her. 7, 11; ἀμνηστία τῶν ὑπηργμένων Strab. 2, 7, 1; s. auch 2 a. – 2) intrans., vorhanden, dasein, zu Jemandes Dienst oder Gebrauch bereit sein; Pind. ἀγέλα ὑπᾶρχεν P. 4, 205; πημονῆς δ' ἅλις γ' ὑπάρχει Aesch. Ag. 1641; Ch. 1064; Soph. Phil. 697; τοῖσιν ἄγουσιν κλαύμαϑ' ὑπάρξει Ant. 923; ϑησαυρὸς ἄν σοι παῖς ὑπῆρχ' οὑμὸς μέγας Eur. Hec. 1229; u. in Prosa: τὸ πλέον τοῦ χωρίου αὐτὸ καρτερὸν ὑπῆρχε καὶ οὐδὲν ἔδει τείχους Thuc. 4, 4; ὑπῆρχε ἄρχουσι ϑεραπεύεσϑαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀρχομένων Xen. Cyr. 3, 1, 20; ἅτε καὶ τῆς φύσεως ὑπαρχούσης 6, 44, 4; δεσμὸς ὑπαρχέτω πᾶσι Plat. Legg. X, 908 a, u. öfter; οἱ ὑπάρχοντες im Gegensatz von οἱ προγενόμενοι Pol. 10, 17, 12; Dem. 3, 15 setzt gegenüber τοῦτ' οὖν δεῖ προςεῖναι, τὰ δ' ἄλλα ὑπάρχει. – Bes. al Einem günstig, gewogen sein, ihm wohlwollen; Xen. An. 1, 1, 4, vgl. Hell. 7, 5, 5; Dem. 18, 174. 19, 118; auch von Sachen, Einem zu Gute kommen, zu Theil werden, ἡ σωτηρία τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐκ ϑαλάττης ὑπῆρξε Plut. Them. 4; Dem. 1, 10 braucht so auch das pass., τὰ παρὰ τῶν ϑεῶν ὑπηργμένα, wie sonst τὰ ὑπάρχοντα = καιρός, 2, 2; vgl. Ar. Lys. 1159. – b) Einem zu Gebote stehen, erlaubt, möglich sein; ὑπάρχει τόδ' ἐν τῇ σῇ χϑονὶ εἰπεῖν Eur. Heracl. 182; ὑπάρχον εἶναι Her. 5, 124; ὑπάρχον absolut, wie ἐξόν, da die Möglichkeit od. Gelegenheit da war, ὡς ὑπάρχον μοι χαρισαμένῳ Σωκράτει πάντ' ἀκοῦσαι Plat. Conv. 217 a; vgl. τοὺς νεκροὺς διὰ τάχους ἔϑαπτον, ὥςπερ ὑπῆρχε, wie es anging, Thuc. 3, 109. – c) zu Grunde liegen, die Grundlage bilden; τοῦτο ὑπαρκτέον, dieses muß zu Grunde gelegt werden, Plat. Rep. V, 467 c; τοῦτο ὑπάρχειν δεῖν Conv. 198 d; τούτων ὑπαρχόντων, wenn dieses so ist, Tim. 29 a u. öfter. – d) impers., ὑπάρχει μοι, mir steht zu Gebote, wird zu Theil, ich besitze, habe; oft bei Plat., ᾡ πρῶτον μὲν ὑπάρχει ἰατρῷ εἶναι, ἔπειτα ἀγαϑῷ ἰατρῷ Prot. 345 a; οἷ ἀφικομένῃ αὐτῇ ὑπάρχει αὐτῇ εὐδαίμονι εἶναι Phaed. 81 a; τὰ ὑπάρχοντα, der Besitz, die Habe, das Vermögen, Xen. u. sonst oft; auch geistig, die natürlichen Anlagen des Menschen, Plat. u. A.; die Eigenschaften, M. Ant. – 3) = ὕπαρχός εἰμι, Unterfeldherr oder Statthalter sein, gebieten, befehligen, τινός, aber auch τινί, wie τῷ χωρίῳ Thuc. 6, 87.
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14 ψυχή
ψυχή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+; ‘life, soul’) It is oft. impossible to draw hard and fast lines in the use of this multivalent word. Gen. it is used in ref. to dematerialized existence or being, but, apart fr. other data, the fact that ψ. is also a dog’s name suggests that the primary component is not metaphysical, s. SLonsdale, Greece and Rome 26, ’79, 146–59. Without ψ. a being, whether human or animal, consists merely of flesh and bones and without functioning capability. Speculations and views respecting the fortunes of ψ. and its relation to the body find varied expression in our lit.ⓐ (breath of) life, life-principle, soul, of animals (Galen, Protr. 13 p. 42, 27 John; Gen 9:4) Rv 8:9. As a rule of human beings (Gen 35:18; 3 Km 17:21; ApcEsdr 5:13 λαμβάνει τὴν ψυχὴν the fetus in its sixth month) Ac 20:10. When it leaves the body death occurs Lk 12:20 (cp. Jos., C. Ap. 1, 164; on the theme cp. Pind., I. 1, 67f). The soul is delivered up to death (the pass. in ref. to divine initiative), i.e. into a condition in which it no longer makes contact with the physical structure it inhabited 1 Cl 16:13 (Is 53:12), whereupon it leaves the realm of earth and lives on in Hades (Lucian, Dial. Mort. 17, 2; Jos., Ant. 6, 332) Ac 2:27 (Ps 15:10), 31 v.l. or some other place outside the earth Rv 6:9; 20:4; ApcPt 10:25 (GrBar 10:5 τὸ πεδίον … οὗπερ ἔρχονται αἱ ψυχαὶ τῶν δικαίων; ApcEsdr 7:3 ἀπέρχεται εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν; Himerius, Or. 8 [23]: his consecrated son [παῖς ἱερός 7] Rufinus, when he dies, leaves his σῶμα to the death-daemon, while his ψυχή goes into οὐρανός, to live w. the gods 23).—B 5:13 (s. Ps 21:21).ⓑ the condition of being alive, earthly life, life itself (Diod S 1, 25, 6 δοῦναι τὴν ψυχήν=give life back [to the dead Horus]; 3, 26, 2; 14, 65, 2; 16, 78, 5; Jos., Ant. 18, 358 σωτηρία τῆς ψυχῆς; 14, 67; s. Reader, Polemo 354 [reff.]) ζητεῖν τὴν ψυχήν τινος Mt 2:20 (cp. Ex 4:19); Ro 11:3 (3 Km 19:10, 14). δοῦναι τὴν ψυχὴν ἑαυτοῦ (cp. Eur., Phoen. 998) Mt 20:28; Mk 10:45; John says for this τιθέναι τὴν ψυχὴν J 10:11, 15, 17, (18); 13:37f; 15:13; 1J 3:16ab; παραδιδόναι Ac 15:26; Hs 9, 28, 2. παραβολεύεσθαι τῇ ψυχῇ Phil 2:30 (s. παραβολεύομαι). To love one’s own life (JosAs 13:1 ἐγὼ ἀγαπῶ αὐτὸν ὑπὲρ τὴν ψυχήν μου) Rv 12:11; cp. B 1:4; 4:6; 19:5; D 2:7. Life as prolonged by nourishment Mt 6:25ab; Lk 12:22f. Cp. 14:26; Ac 20:24; 27:10, 22; 28:19 v.l.; Ro 16:4. S. also 2e below.ⓒ by metonymy, that which possesses life/soul (cp. 3 below) ψυχὴ ζῶσα (s. Gen 1:24) a living creature Rv 16:3 v.l. for ζωῆς. Cp. ἐγένετο Ἀδὰμ εἰς ψυχὴν ζῶσαν 1 Cor 15:45 (Gen 2:7. S. πνεῦμα 5f). ψυχὴ ζωῆς Rv 16:3.② seat and center of the inner human life in its many and varied aspects, soulⓐ of the desire for luxurious living (cp. the OT expressions Ps 106:9 [=ParJer 9:20, but in sense of d below]; Pr 25:25; Is 29:8; 32:6; Bar 2:18b; PsSol 4:17. But also X., Cyr. 8, 7, 4; ins in CB I/2, 477 no. 343, 5 the soul as the seat of enjoyment of the good things in life) of the rich man ἐρῶ τῇ ψυχῇ μου• ψυχή, ἀναπαύου, φάγε, πίε, εὐφραίνου Lk 12:19 (cp. PsSol 5:12; Aelian, VH 1, 32 εὐφραίνειν τὴν ψυχήν; X., Cyr. 6, 2, 28 ἡ ψυχὴ ἀναπαύσεται.—The address to the ψυχή as PsSol 3, 1; Cyranides p. 41, 27). Cp. Rv 18:14.ⓑ of evil desires (PsSol 4:13; Tat. 23, 2) 2 Cl 16:2; 17:7.ⓒ of feelings and emotions (Anacr., Fgm. 4 Diehl2 [15 Page]; Diod S 8, 32, 3; JosAs 6:1; SibOr 3, 558; Just., D. 2, 4; Mel., P. 18, 124 al.) περίλυπός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου (cp. Ps 41:6, 12; 42:5) Mt 26:38; Mk 14:34. ἡ ψυχή μου τετάρακται J 12:27; cp. Ac 2:43 (s. 3 below).—Lk 1:46; 2:35; J 10:24; Ac 14:2, 22; 15:24; Ro 2:9; 1 Th 2:8 (τὰς ἑαυτῶν ψυχάς our hearts full of love); Hb 12:3; 2 Pt 2:8; 1 Cl 16:12 (Is 53:11); 23:3 (scriptural quot. of unknown origin); B 3:1, 5b (s. on these two passages Is 58:3, 5, 10b); 19:3; Hm 4, 2, 2; 8:10; Hs 1:8; 7:4; D 3:9ab. ἐμεγαλύνθη ἡ ψυχή μου GJs 5:2; 19:2 (s. μεγαλύνω 1). αὔξειν τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ Παύλου AcPl Ha 6, 10. It is also said of God in the anthropomorphic manner of expr. used by the OT ὁ ἀγαπητός μου εἰς ὸ̔ν εὐδόκησεν ἡ ψυχή μου Mt 12:18 (cp. Is 42:1); cp. Hb 10:38 (Hab 2:4).—One is to love God ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ Mt 22:37; Lk 10:27. Also ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς (Dt 6:5; 10:12; 11:13) Mk 12:30, 33 v.l. (for ἰσχύος); Lk 10:27 v.l. (Epict. 2, 23, 42; 3, 22, 18; 4, 1, 131; M. Ant. 12, 29; Sextus 379.—X., Mem. 3, 11, 10 ὅλῃ τῇ ψυχῇ). ἐκ ψυχῆς from the heart, gladly (Jos., Ant. 17, 177.—The usual form is ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς: X., An. 7, 7, 43, Apol. 18 al.; Theocr. 8, 35) Eph 6:6; Col 3:23; ἐκ ψυχῆς σου B 3:5a (Is 58:10a); 19:6. μιᾷ ψυχῇ with one mind (Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 30) Phil 1:27; cp. Ac 4:32 (on the combination w. καρδία s. that word 1bη and EpArist 17); 2 Cl 12:3 (s. 1 Ch 12:39b; Diog. L. 5, 20 ἐρωτηθεὶς τί ἐστι φίλος, ἔφη• μία ψυχὴ δύο σώμασιν ἐνοικοῦσα).ⓓ as the seat and center of life that transcends the earthly (Pla., Phd. 28, 80ab; Paus. 4, 32, 4 ἀθάνατός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπου ψ.; Just., A I, 44, 9 περὶ ἀθανασίας ψυχῆς; Ath. 27, 2 ἀθάνατος οὖσα. Opp. Tat. 13, 1, who argues the state of the ψ. before the final judgment and states that it is not immortal per se but experiences the fate of the body οὐκ ἔστιν ἀθάνατος). As such it can receive divine salvation σῴζου σὺ καὶ ἡ ψυχή σου be saved, you and your soul Agr 5 (Unknown Sayings 61–64). σῴζειν τὰς ψυχάς Js 1:21. ψυχὴν ἐκ θανάτου 5:20; cp. B 19:10; Hs 6, 1, 1 (on death of the ψ. s. Achilles Tat. 7, 5, 3 τέθνηκας θάνατον διπλοῦν, ψυχῆς κ. σώματος). σωτηρία ψυχῶν 1 Pt 1:9. περιποίησις ψυχῆς Hb 10:39. It can also be lost 2 Cl 15:1; B 20:1; Hs 9, 26, 3. Humans cannot injure it, but God can hand it over to destruction Mt 10:28ab; AcPl Ha 1, 4. ζημιωθῆναι τὴν ψυχήν (ζημιόω 1) Mt 16:26a; Mk 8:36 (FGrant, Introd. to NT Thought, ’50, 162); 2 Cl 6:2. There is nothing more precious than ψυχή in this sense Mt 16:26b; Mk 8:37. It stands in contrast to σῶμα, in so far as that is σάρξ (cp. Ar. 15, 7 οὐ κατὰ σάρκα … ἀλλὰ κατὰ ψυχήν; Tat. 15, 1 οὔτε … χωρὶς σώματος; Ath. 1, 4 τὰ σώματα καὶ τὰς ψυχάς; SIG 383, 42 [I B.C.]) Dg 6:1–9. The believer’s soul knows God 2 Cl 17:1. One Christian expresses the hope that all is well w. another’s soul 3J 2 (s. εὐοδόω). For the soul of the Christian is subject to temptations 1 Pt 2:11 and 2 Pt 2:14; longs for rest Mt 11:29 (ParJer 5:32 ὁ θεὸς … ἡ ἀνάπαυσις τῶν ψυχῶν); and must be purified 1 Pt 1:22 (cp. Jer 6:16). The soul must be entrusted to God 1 Pt 4:19; cp. 1 Cl 27:1. Christ is its ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος (s. ἐπίσκοπος 1) 1 Pt 2:25; its ἀρχιερεὺς καὶ προστάτης 1 Cl 61:3; its σωτήρ MPol 19:2. Apostles and congregational leaders are concerned about the souls of the believers 2 Cor 12:15; Hb 13:17. The Christian hope is called the anchor of the soul 6:19. Paul calls God as a witness against his soul; if he is lying, he will forfeit his salvation 2 Cor 1:23.—Also life of this same eternal kind κτήσεσθε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν you will gain (real) life for yourselves Lk 21:19.ⓔ Since the soul is the center of both the earthly (1a) and the transcendent (2d) life, pers. can find themselves facing the question concerning the wish to ensure it for themselves: ὸ̔ς ἐὰν θέλῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ σῶσαι, ἀπολέσει αὐτὴν• ὸ̔ς δʼ ἂν ἀπολέσει τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ, σώσει αὐτήν Mk 8:35. Cp. Mt 10:39; 16:25; Lk 9:24; 17:33; J 12:25. The contrast betw. τὴν ψυχὴν εὑρεῖν and ἀπολέσαι is found in Mt 10:39ab (s. HGrimme, BZ 23, ’35, 263f); 16:25b; σῶσαι and ἀπολέσαι vs. 25a; Mk 8:35ab; Lk 9:24ab; περιποιήσασθαι, ζῳογονῆσαι and ἀπολέσαι 17:33; φιλεῖν and ἀπολλύναι J 12:25a; μισεῖν and φυλάσσειν vs. 25b.ⓕ On the combination of ψυχή and πνεῦμα in 1 Th 5:23; Hb 4:12 (Just., D. 6, 2; Tat. 15, 1 χρὴ … ζευγνύναι … τὴν ψυχὴν τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ) s. πνεῦμα 3a, end.—A-JFestugière, L’idéal religieux des Grecs et l’Évangile ’32, 212–17.—A unique combination is … σωμάτων, καὶ ψυχὰς ἀνθρώπων, slaves and human lives Rv 18:13 (cp. Ezk 27:13; on the syntax s. Mussies 98).ⓖ In var. Semitic languages the reflexive relationship is paraphrased with נֶפֶשׁ (Gr.-Rom. parallels in W-S. §22, 18b note 33); the corresp. use of ψυχή may be detected in certain passages in our lit., esp. in quots. fr. the OT and in places where OT modes of expr. have had considerable influence (B-D-F §283, 4; W-S. §22, 18b; Mlt. 87; 105 n. 2; Rob. 689; KHuber, Untersuchungen über d. Sprachcharakter des griech. Lev., diss. Zürich 1916, 67), e.g. Mt 11:29; 26:38; Mk 10:45; 14:34; Lk 12:19; 14:26; J 10:24; 12:27; 2 Cor 1:23; 3J 2; Rv 18:14; 1 Cl 16:11 (Is 53:10); B 3:1, 3 (Is 58:3, 5); 4:2; 17:1. Cp. also 2 Cor 12:15; Hb 13:17; GJs 2:2; 13:2; 15:3 (on these last s. ταπεινόω 2b).③ an entity w. personhood, person ext. of 2 by metonymy (cp. 1c): πᾶσα ψυχή everyone (Epict. 1, 28, 4; Lev 7:27; 23:29 al.) Ac 2:43; 3:23 (Lev 23:29); Ro 2:9; 13:1; Jd 15; 1 Cl 64; Hs 9, 18, 5.—Pl. persons, cp. our expression ‘number of souls’ (Pla. et al.; PTebt 56, 11 [II B.C.] σῶσαι ψυχὰς πολλάς; LXX) ψυχαὶ ὡσεὶ τρισχίλιαι Ac 2:41; cp. 7:14 (Ex 1:5); 27:37; 1 Pt 3:20.—This may also be the place for ἔξεστιν ψυχὴν σῶσαι ἢ ἀποκτεῖναι; is it permissible to rescue a person ( a human life is also poss.) or must we let the person die? Mk 3:4; Lk 6:9. Cp. 9:55 [56] v.l.—EHatch, Essays in Bibl. Gk. 1889, 112–24; ERohde, Psyche9–10 1925; JBöhme, D. Seele u. das Ich im homer. Epos 1929; EBurton, Spirit, Soul and Flesh 1918; FRüsche, Blut, Leben u. Seele 1930; MLichtenstein, D. Wort nefeš in d. Bibel 1920; WStaples, The ‘Soul’ in the OT: JSL 44, 1928, 145–76; FBarth, La notion Paulinienne de ψυχή: RTP 44, 1911, 316–36; ChGuignebert, RHPR 9, 1929, 428–50; NSnaith, Life after Death: Int 1, ’47, 309–25; essays by OCullmann, HWolfson, WJaeger, HCadbury in Immortality and Resurrection, ed. KStendahl, ’65, 9–53; GDautzenberg, Sein Leben Bewahren ’66 (gospels); R Jewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 334–57; also lit. cited GMachemer, HSCP 95, ’93, 121, 13.—TJahn, Zum Wortfeld ‘Seele-Geist’ in der Sprache Homers (Zetemata 83) ’81.—B. 1087. New Docs 4, 38f (trichotomy). DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
15 περιγίγνομαι
A- γενήσομαι Th.4.27
, etc.: [tense] aor.- εγενόμην Hdt.1.122
, etc.: [tense] pf. - γέγονα ib.82, etc.;- γεγένημαι Th.1.69
, etc.:— to be superior to others, prevail over, overcome: Constr. in full, c. gen. pers. et dat. rei,μήτι δ' ἡνίοχος περιγίγνεται ἡνιόχοιο 11.23.318
; , cf. 252 ; πολυτροπίῃ τινὸς π. Hdt.2.121.έ, cf. Th.1.55, Pl.Ap. 22c ;τάχει τοσοῦτον π. τινός X.Cyr.3.1.19
;τῶν χρημάτων τῶν ἐν Δελφοῖς π. ταῖς ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων δαπάναις Isoc.5.54
: c.acc. rei,δσα.. περιγένοιντο ἐμοῦ D.18.236
; τὰ Ὀλύμπια π. Plu.2.242b: c. gen. pers. only, Hdt.1.207, Ar.V. 604 ;π. καὶ πλεονεκτεῖν τῶν ἐχθρῶν Pl. R. 362b
, etc.: c. acc. pers. (in an anacoluthon), κατὰ τὸ ἰσχυρὸν Ἕλληνας ὁμοφρονέοντας χαλεπὰ εἶναι π. Hdt.9.2 : abs., to be superior, prevail, Id.1.214, Th.4.27, etc.; π. τῇ συμβολῇ, τῷ πλῷ, Hdt.6.109, Th.8.104 ; π. πρός τινας, πρὸς τὰ ἀντιτεταγμένα, Id.1.69,5.111.2 of things, ἤν τι περιγίγνηται αὐτοῖς τοῦ πολέμου if they gain any advantage in the war, Id.6.8 ; π. ὑμῖν πλῆθος νεῶν you have a superiority in number of ships, Id.2.87 ; π. ἡμῖν μὴ προκάμνειν we have the advantage in not.., ib.39.II live over, survive, escape, Hdt.1.82, 122, Th.4.27, etc.; οἱ περιγενόμενοι the survivors, Hdt.5.64, etc.: c. gen. rei, περιεγένετο τούτον τοῦ πάθεος he survived, escaped from this disaster, ib.46 ; τῆς δίκης π. Pl.Lg. 905a ; ἐκ τῶν μεγίστων π. Th.2.49.2 of things, remain over and above, opp. ἐπιλείπειν, Ar.Pl. 554, cf. Lys. 30.20 ;περιγενόμενον ἐκ τοῦ προτέρου ἐνιαυτοῦ IG12.352.10
; τάλαντα ἃ περιεγένοντο τῶν φόρων which remained from the tribute, the surplus, X.HG2.3.8 ;τὸ περιγιγνόμενον τῶν πόρων ἀργύριον Isoc.8.82
, cf. Pl. Lg. 742b, PRev.Laws 19.8(iii B.C.), etc.; τὰ περιγινόμενα the revenues, Arr.An.7.17.4.3 of things, to be left over: hence, to be a result or consequence, ἐκ τῶν μεγίστων κινδύνων καὶ πόλει καὶ ἰδιώτῃ μέγισται τιμαὶ π. Th.1.144 ;ἀμαχητὶ π. τινί τι Id.4.73
; ἡ ἠθικὴ ἐξ ἔθους π. Arist. EN 1103a17 ; τί αὐτῷ περιγέγονεν ἐκ τῆς φιλοσοφίας ; D.L.2.68 ;περιεγένετο ὥστε καλῶς ἔχειν X.An.5.8.26
;τούτου μόνου περιγίγνεσθαι μέλλοντος, παθεῖν τι κακόν D.3.12
; ἐκ τούτων περιγίγνεταί τι the upshot of the matter is.., Id.8.53 ; τοῖς μὲν.. πεισθεῖσιν ἡ σωτηρία περιεγένετο to those who complied safety was the result, Id.18.80 ; περίεστι δέ μοι τοιαῦτα οἷα τοῖς κακόν τι νοοῦσιν ὑμῖν περιγένοιτο that is what I have got by the business, and I hope that your enemies may get the like , Id.Ep.3.36 ; ἀηδὴς δόξα τῇ πόλει παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς π. Id.Prooem. 23 ;ἡ ἐκ τῆς πραγματικῆς ἱστορίας περιγινομένη ἐμπειρία Plb.1.35.9
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περιγίγνομαι
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16 προσήκω
προσήκω (written προσhεκ-, i.e. προσἡκ-, IG12.57.15), [dialect] Dor. [full] ποθήκω GDI2151, al. (Delph.), hyperdor. [full] ποθάκω Diotog. ap. Stob. 4.1.133:—A to have come, be at hand, be present,χρεία προσήκει A.Pers. 143
(anap.);ὡς φίλοι προσήκετε S.Ph. 229
, cf. OC35, El. 1142; ; π. ὄχθαι ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόν reach to the river, X.An.4.3.23;τοῦ πρὸς ταῦτα -ήκοντος θεάτρου Id.HG7.4.31
.II metaph., belong to, ; τῷ γὰρ προσήκει.. τόδε; whom does this concern? Id.El. 909; Πενθεῖ δὲ τί μέρος.. προσῆκε; E.Ba. 1301;νομίσας ἑορτὴν ἑαυτῷ τι προσήκειν Th.1.126
;τῇ βασιλείᾳ π. οὐ ῥᾳδιουργία, ἀλλὰ καλοκἀγαθία X.Ages.11.6
, cf. Pl.R. 443a;ὅσα τριήρεσιν προσήκει Id.Criti. 117d
, etc.; γεωργίᾳ, ναυτιλίᾳ π., appertain to.., Id.R. 527d: sts. folld. byπρός, οὐδὲν πρὸς Πέρσας τοῦτο π. τὸ πάθος Hdt.8.100
, cf. D.C. 58.27.b of persons, belong to, be related to (cf. infr. 111.3), τινι E.IT 550; Τηρεῖ·.. ὁ Τήρης οὗτος οὐδὲν π. Th.2.29; αὐτῇ π. Φειδίας is concerned with her, Ar. Pax 616;προσήκετε ἡμῖν τὰ μέγιστα Th.6.84
;π. γένει Ar.Ra. 698
: c. inf., οὐ προσήκομεν κολάζειν τοῖσδε we do not belong to them to punish, i.e. it is not for them to punish us, E.Or. 771 (troch.).2 impers., it belongs to, concerns, freq. with neg. and gen. rei (with περί c. gen., Phld.Rh.1.202 S.), οὐδέν μοι π. τῆς αἰτίας ταύτης I have nothing to do with.., Antipho 6.33, cf. X.An.3.1.31, Cyr.8.1.37;ἐμοὶ οὐδαμόθεν π. τούτου τοῦ πράγματος And.4.34
;οὐδ' ὁτιοῦν π. ἑαυτοῖς οὐδενὸς τῶν Ἁγνίου D.43.20
, cf. 35.33; so with a question, τί οὖν π. δῆτ' ἐμοὶ Κορινθίων; Ar.Av. 969, cf. X.Mem.4.5.10, etc.; προσήκει [τισὶ] οἰκείου τινὸς ἀγαθοῦ they possess a peculiar excellence, Dam.Pr.34.b c. dat. pers. et inf., it belongs to, beseems,οἷς προσῆκε πενθῆσαι A.Ch. 173
; ; ;ἀγαθοῖς ὑμῖν π. εἶναι X. An.3.2.11
, cf. Pl.Phdr. 233a; cf. infr. 111.4: c.acc. pers., οὔ σε προσήκει.. λέγειν' tis not meet that thou.., A.Ag. 1551 (anap.), cf. E.Or. 1071, Pl.Grg. 491d, X.An.3.2.15 (the [tense] impf. προσῆκεν is said to be used for προσήκει in 7.7.18, Eq.12.14: [dialect] Att. usage, acc. to Thom.Mag.p.287 R.): sts. the two constructions are combined,προσήκει τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις.. στέργειν, σὲ δὲ.. νομίζειν Isoc.5.127
: sts. the inf. is supplied, ἑκάστῳ (v.l. ἕκαστος)ἀπολοφυράμενοι ὃν π. [ἀπολοφύρασθαι] ἄπιτε Th.2.46
;ἐγὼ δὲ πάνθ' ὅσα π. τὸν ἀγαθὸν πολίτην [πράττειν] ἔπραττον D.18.180
, cf. 23.164, Isoc.15.119, X.Mem.2.1.32.III freq. in Part. as Adj.,1 belonging to one,αἰτία οὐδὲν ἐμοὶ προσήκουσα D.21.110
, cf. Antipho 5.2; μηθενὶ μηθὲν ποθήκουσα, of a slave, GDI l.c.: c.gen., ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πράγματος ἑκάστοις προσήκουσιν all that belongs to his business, Pl.Lg. 643b: abs., τὰς οὐ προσηκούσας ἁμαρτίας not his own faults, Antipho 3.2.10; τὰ μὴ π. ([etym.] ἀλλότρια)ἐπικτωμένους Th.4.61
;οἱ π. ξύμμαχοι Id.1.40
, etc.2 befitting, proper, meet, π. ἐγκλήματα ibid., Hyp. Eux.24;ἡ π. σωτηρία Th.6.83
;τὸ π. ἑκάστῳ ἀποδιδόναι Pl.R. 332c
; , cf.Epin. 985d;ἔλεος D.21.196
, etc.: τὰ π. what is fit, seemly, εἰπεῖν περὶ Κύρου τὰ π. X.Cyr.3.3.1; τὰ π. πράττειν to do one's duty, Id.Mem.1.1.12, etc.;τὰ π. ἔργα Id.HG3.4.16
; also τὸ προσῆκον fitness, propriety, ἐκτὸς τοῦ π. E.Heracl. 214; πέρα τοῦ π. Antipho 5.1; μακρότερα τοῦ π. Pl.Cra. 413a; μᾶλλον τοῦ π. Id.Lg. 697c; παρὰ τὸ π. Id.Phlb. 36d, Thphr.Char.17.1; κατὰ τὸ π. Plu.2. 122a; soοὐκ ἐκ προσηκόντων Th.3.67
: c. inf., προσήκοντα ἀκοῦσαι σοφίσματα fit to hear, Pl.R. 496a;λόγοι π. ἀκούειν Id.Lg. 811d
.3 of persons, akin,τὸ ἀνέκαθεν τοῖσι Κυψελίδῃσι ἦν προσήκων Hdt.6.128
, cf. A.Ch. 689;γένει προσήκων βασιλεῖ X.An.1.6.1
;οἱ προσήκοντες γένει E.Med. 1304
, cf. Pl.Lg. 874a; κατὰ γένος, διὰ συγγένειαν, Plu. Thes.19, Cat.Mi.14, etc.;οἱ προσήκοντες τῷ νεκρῷ Hdt.4.14
, cf. X. HG1.7.21, etc.; οἱ προσήκοντές οἱ his relations, Hdt.1.216; alsoοἱ π. τινός Th.1.128
, Lys.18.1, Pl.Ap. 34b;οἱ μάλιστα π. Hdt.3.24
;πατέρας καὶ ἀδελφοὺς καὶ ἄλλους τοὺς π. Pl.Ap. 33d
; [dialect] Dor. οἱ ποθίκοντες Orac. ap. D.43.66: hence αἱ προσήκουσαι ἀρεταί hereditary fair fame, Th.4.92.b οὐδὲν προσήκων one who has nothing to do with the matter, Pl.R. 539d; οὐδὲν προσῆκον ἐνίοις though there is no connexion in some cases, Id.Cra. 397b: c. inf., θεὸν.. οὐδὲν προσήκοντ' ἐν γόοις παραστατεῖν having no concern with assisting one in sorrows, A.Ag. 1079; πρὸς τοὺς μὴ προσήκοντας (sc. ὀλιγωρίας τυγχάνειν) Arist.Rh. 1379b12.4 abs. in neut., οὐ προσῆκον though or since it is not fitting, Th.3.40;οὐδὲν π... ἐπιτάσσειν Id.6.82
, cf. 84: without a neg., prob. in Hyp.Dem.Fr.10;ὡς π. αὐτοῖς χρῆσθαι Pl.Tht. 196e
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προσήκω
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17 ὄνομα
ὄνομα, [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Dor. [full] ὄνῠμα IG12(2).68.8 (Lesb.), GDI4992a iii 7 ([place name] Crete), SIG1122.8 ([place name] Selinus), Berl.Sitzb.1927.167 ([place name] Cyrene) ; [dialect] Lacon. *[full] ἔνυμα prob. in pr. nn.AἘνυμακρατίδας IG5(1).213.45
, Ἐνυμαντιάδας ib.97.20, 280.2 ; poet. also (metri gr.) [full] οὔνομα (v.infr.), which appears regularly in codd. of Hdt. (along with ὀνομάζω, as 2.50, 4.35, al.), and sts. in other [dialect] Ion. prose authors (v.l. in Hp.Prog.25, etc.), but is prob. not Ionic ; [dialect] Ion. Inscrr. have only ὄνομα, IG7.235.39 ([place name] Oropus), etc.: Hom. hasοὔνομα Od.6.194
, 9.355, Il.3.235,οὐνόματ' (α) 17.260
,ὄνομα Od.9.16
, 364, 366, 19.183,ὄνομ' (α) 4.710
et saep.:— name of a person or thing, in Hom. always of a person, exc.ἐρέω δέ τοι οὔνομα λαῶν Od.6.194
and in Od.13.248 (v. infr. II) ;Οὖτις ἐμοί γ' ὄ. 9.366
, cf. 18.5,19.183, 247; , cf. 19.409, Hes. Th. 144 : in Prose ὄνομα is used abs., by name,πόλις ὄ. Καιναί X.An. 2.4.28
, etc.: also dat., πόλις Θάψακος ὀνόματι ib.1.4.11 (v. l.) ; by name,Pl.
Ap. 21c ;ἐπ' ὀνόματος δηλοῦσθαι Plb.18.45.4
, etc. ; κατ' ὄνομα by name, Strato Com.1.14, Epigr.Gr.983.4 ([place name] Philae) ; ἀσπάζου τοὺς φίλους κατ' ὄ. each by his name, 3 Ep.Jo.14.2 ὄ. τίθεσθαι or θέσθαι τινί give one a name, Od.19.403, 406, 8.554, A.Fr. 6, Ar.Av. 810 :—[voice] Pass., ὄ. κεῖταί τινι ib. 1291 ; ὄ. ἐστι or κεῖται ἐπί τινι, X.Mem.3.14.2, Cyr.2.2.12 ; so ὄ. φέρειν or ἐπιφέρειν ἐπί τι, Arist. EN 1119a33, HA 572a11.3 ὄνομα καλεῖν τινα call one by name,εἴπ' ὄνομ', ὅττι σε κεῖθι κάλεον Od. 8.550
;καλοῦσί με τοῦτο τὸ ὄ. X. Oec.7.3
, cf. E. Ion 259, 800, Pl.Cra. 393e, etc.:—so in [voice] Pass.,ὄ. δ' ὠνομάζετο Ἕλενος S.Ph. 605
, cf. El. 694 ;ὄ. δημοκρατία κέκληται Th.2.37
;τὸ ἐναντίον ὄ. ἀφροσύνη μετωνόμασται Id.1.122
;ὄ. ἓν κεκλημένους Σικελιώτας Id.4.64
;λεγόμενοι τοὔνομα γεωργικοί Pl.Lg. 842e
; but also ; reversely, ὄνομα καλεῖν τινι give a name to, Pl.Plt. 279e, Cra. 385d ;ὄ. καλεῖν ἐπί τινι Id.Prm. 147d
;τύμβῳ δ' ὄ. σῷ κεκλήσεται.. Κυνὸς σῆμα E.Hec. 1271
;τοὔνομα προσηγορεύθη Anaxil.21.3
.II name, fame,Ἰθάκης γε καὶ ἐς Τροίην ὄνομ' ἵκει Od.13.248
;οὐδὲ θανὼν ὄνομ' ὤλεσας 24.93
; ὄ. ἔχειν or σχεῖν ἀπό τινος, Hdt.1.71, Pl.Hp.Ma. 282a ;τὸ μεγα ὄ. τῶν Ἀθηνῶν Th.7.64
;τῷ μέλλοντι χρόνῳ καταλιπεῖν ὄ. ὡς.. Id.5.16
;τοὔνομά τινος μεῖζον ἀφικνεῖται εἰς τὴν πόλιν X.An.6.1.20
;ὧν ὀνόματα μεγάλα λέγεται ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ Pl.Hp.Ma. 281c
;ὄ. μέγιστον ἔχειν Th.2.64
; ἐν ὀνόματι εἶναι to have a name, to be notable, Str.9.1.23 ;οἱ ἐν πράγμασιν ἐπ' ὀνόματος γεγονότες Plb.15.35.1
; notably,Ath.
6.240c ; τῶν δι' ὀνόματος παρασίτων ib. 241a.III a name and nothing else, opp. the real person or thing, ;βοᾶς δ' ἔτι μηδ' ὄνομ' εἴη Theoc. 16.97
; opp. ἔργον, E.Or. 454, Hipp. 502 ;περὶ ὄ. μάχεσθαι Lys.33.3
;ἐκ τῶν ὀ. μᾶλλον ἢ τῶν πραγμάτων σκέψασθαι D.9.15
; ὀνόματι διαφέρεσθαι dispute about a word, Pl.Euthd. 285a, Lg. 644a.2 false name, pretence, pretext, ὀνόματι ἐννόμῳ ξυμμαχίας under the pretence.., Th.4.60 ;μετ' ὀνομάτων καλῶν Id.5.89
;χώρα καλῶν ὀ. καὶ προσχημάτων μεστή Pl.R. 495c
, cf. Plb.11.5.4.IV in periphr. phrases, ὄ. τῆς σωτηρίας, = σωτηρία, E.IT 905, cf. ὄνομ' ὁμιλίας ἐμῆς (v. l. for ὄμμ') Id.Or. 1082 : with the names of persons, periphr. for the person,ὦ φίλτατον ὄ. Πολυνείκους Id.Ph. 1702
.2 of persons,ὄχλος ὀνομάτων Act.Ap.1.15
; ἕτερα ὀ. ἀντ' αὐτοῦ.. πέμψαι Wilcken Chr.28.19 (ii A. D.) ; in Accountancy, both of persons and things (cf. Lat. nomen), Hyp.Ath.6, 10 (both pl.), Jahresh.26 Beibl.13 (Ephes., ii A. D., pl.) ; βαρέσαι τὸ ἐμὸν ὄ. charge my account, POxy.126.8 (vi A. D.) ; τὸν τόκον τὸν ὀνόματί μου παραγραφέντα ib.513.22 (ii A. D.) ; in registers of titledeeds, etc., οἰκίας οὐ κειμένης ἐν ὀνόματι τῆς ἀποδομένης not booked under the name of the seller, PLips. 3 ii 25 (iii A. D.) ; ὀνόματι ἰδιωτικῆς under the head of private land, PCair.Preis.47.10 (iv A. D.);δικαιώματα.. ἑκάστῳ ὀνόματι παράκειται BGU113.11
(ii A. D.); in tax-receipts, ἔσχον ὀνόματος Σομτοῦς on account of S., Ostr.Bodl. ii 39 (ii A. D.), cf. PFay.85.7 (iii A. D.), etc.V phrase, expression, esp. of technical terms,ὀ. τὰ ἐν τῇ ναυτικῇ X.Ath.1.19
: generally, D.19.187.VI Gramm., word, opp. ῥῆμα (expression), Pl.Cra. 399b, cf. Ap. 17c, Smp. 198b, 199b, 221e, Isoc.9.9, 11, Arist.Rh. 1404b5, Aeschin.3.72, A.D.Synt.12.25, al., Demetr.Eloc.23, al. ; τὸ ἰλλαίνειν ὄ. the word ἰλλαίνειν, Gal.17(1).679.2 noun, opp. ῥῆμα (verb, predicate), Pl.Tht. 168b, Sph. 262a, 262b, cf. Arist.Po. 1457a10, Int. 16a19, al.; as one of five parts of speech, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.45 ; ὄ. κύριον a proper name, opp. προσηγορικόν, D.T.636.16, A.D.Pron.26.12, al. (so ὄ. alone, Ar.Nu. 681 sqq., Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213) ; also of adjectives, S.E.M.1.222. (Cf. Goth. namo, gen. namins, Lat. nōmen, Skt. nāma.) -
18 ἀποκαλύπτω
ἀποκαλύπτω fut. ἀποκαλύψω; 1 aor. ἀπεκάλυψα. Pass.: 1 fut. ἀποκαλυφθήσομαι; aor. ἀπεκαλύφθην; pf. ptc. ἀποκεκαλυμμένοι Pr 27:5; plupf. 3 sg. ἀποκεκαλύπτο (Just., D. 78, 7) (s. ἀποκάλυψις, καλύπτω; Hdt. et al.; pap, LXX; TestSol, Test12Patr; ParJer 5:24; JosAs, GrBar, ApcEsdr; ApcSed 2:1; ApcMos; Jos., Bell. 5, 350, Ant. 14, 406; Just.) the lit. sense ‘uncover’ as of head (Hdt. 1, 119, 6) does not appear in our lit. (but s. ἀκατακάλυπτος). to cause someth. to be fully known, reveal, disclose, bring to light, make fully knownⓐ in a gener. sense (Appian, Syr. 5 §18) pass. be revealed (opp. καλύπτω) Mt 10:26; Lk 12:2; J 12:38 (in act. sense) and 1 Cl 16:3 (Is 53:1); Ro 1:17 (cp. Ps 97:2), 18; Lk 2:35 (cp. Josh 2:20; Sir 27:16f; Ezk 16:57; 1 Macc 7:31; AcPlCor 1:8).ⓑ esp. of divine revelation of certain transcendent secrets (Ps 97:2; Da 2:19, 22 [both Theod.], 28; 1 Km 2:27; 3:21; Is 56:1) ἀ. τινί τι reveal someth. to someone (TestJos 6:6; Just., D. 100, 2) Mt 11:25; 16:17; Lk 10:21; Phil 3:15; IEph 20:1; w. ὅτι foll. (TestLevi 1:2) 1 Pt 1:12. The revealers are Christ Mt 11:27; Lk 10:22, and the Holy Spirit 1 Cor 2:10; 14:30; Eph 3:5. For Gal 1:16 s. ἐν 9 and s. ADenis, RB 64, ’57, 335–62; 481–515. Abs. (w. φανεροῦν) ἀ. διά τινος Dg 8:11. τὰ ἀποκαλυφθέντα ἡμῖν the revelations that have come to us 11:8.ⓒ of the interpr. of prophetic visions ἀ. τινί Hv 2, 2, 4; 2, 4, 1; 3, 3, 2ff; 3, 4, 3; 3, 8, 10; 3, 13, 4. ἀ. τινὶ ἀποκάλυψιν impart a revelation to someone 3, 12, 2. ἀ. τινὶ περί τινος give someone a revelation about someth. (TestReub 3:15) 3, 10, 2. ἀπεκαλύφθη μοι ἡ γνῶσις τῆς γραφῆς a knowledge of the scripture was disclosed to me 2, 2, 1.ⓓ of the revelation of certain pers. and circumstances in the endtime (Da 10:1 Theod.): of the Human One (Son of Man) Lk 17:30. Of the Lawless One 2 Th 2:3, 6, 8. Of the final judgment 1 Cor 3:13. ἡ μέλλουσα δόξα ἀποκαλυφθῆναι the glory that is about to be revealed Ro 8:18; cp. 1 Pt 5:1. σωτηρία 1:5. πίστις Gal 3:23. The disciples say to the risen Lord ἀποκάλυψον σοῦ τὴν δικαιοσύνην ἤδη reveal, now, your righteousness ending of Mk in the Freer ms.—RBultmann, D. Begriff d. Offenbarung im NT 1929. EFScott, The NT Idea of Rev. ’35. ESelwyn, I Peter, ’46, 250–52; HSchulte, D. Begriff d. Offenbarung im NT, diss. Heidelberg ’47; WBulst, Offenbarung: Bibl. u. Theolog. Begriff ’60; BVawter, CBQ 22, ’60, 33–46.—M-M. TW. Spicq. -
19 ὁ
ὁ, ἡ, τό pl. οἱ, αἱ, τά article, derived fr. a demonstrative pronoun, ‘the’. Since the treatment of the inclusion and omission of the art. belongs to the field of grammar, the lexicon can limit itself to exhibiting the main features of its usage. It is difficult to set hard and fast rules for the employment of the art., since the writer’s style had special freedom of play here—Kühner-G. I p. 589ff; B-D-F §249–76; Mlt. 80–84; Rob. 754–96; W-S. §17ff; Rdm.2 112–18; Abel §28–32; HKallenberg, RhM 69, 1914, 642ff; FVölker, Syntax d. griech. Papyri I, Der Artikel, Progr. d. Realgymn. Münster 1903; FEakin, AJP 37, 1916, 333ff; CMiller, ibid. 341ff; EColwell, JBL 52, ’33, 12–21 (for a critique s. Mlt-H.-Turner III 183f); ASvensson, D. Gebr. des bestimmten Art. in d. nachklass. Epik ’37; RFink, The Syntax of the Greek Article ’53; JRoberts, Exegetical Helps, The Greek Noun with and without the Article: Restoration Qtly 14, ’71, 28–44; HTeeple, The Greek Article with Personal Names in the Synoptic Gospels: NTS 19, ’73, 302–17; Mussies 186–97.① this one, that one, the art. funct. as demonstrative pronounⓐ in accordance w. epic usage (Hes., Works 450: ἡ=this [voice]) in the quot. fr. Arat., Phaenom. 5 τοῦ γὰρ καὶ γένος ἐσμέν for we are also his (lit. this One’s) offspring Ac 17:28.ⓑ ὁ μὲν … ὁ δέ the one … the other (Polyaenus 6, 2, 1 ὁ μὲν … ὁ δὲ … ὁ δε; PSI 512, 21 [253 B.C.]); pl. οἱ μὲν … οἱ δέ (PSI 341, 9 [256 B.C.]; TestJob 29:1) some … others w. ref. to a noun preceding: ἐσχίσθη τὸ πλῆθος … οἱ μὲν ἦσαν σὺν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις, οἱ δὲ σὺν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις Ac 14:4; 17:32; 28:24; 1 Cor 7:7; Gal 4:23; Phil 1:16f. Also without such a relationship expressed τοὺς μὲν ἀποστόλους, τοὺς δὲ προφήτας, τοὺς δὲ εὐαγγελιστάς Eph 4:11. οἱ μὲν … ὁ δέ Hb 7:5f, 20f. οἱ μὲν … ἄλλοι (δέ) J 7:12. οἱ μὲν … ἄλλοι δὲ … ἕτεροι δέ Mt 16:14. τινὲς … οἱ δέ Ac 17:18 (cp. Pla., Leg. 1, 627a; 2, 658 B.; Aelian, VH 2, 34; Palaeph. 6, 5).—Mt 26:67; 28:17 οἱ δέ introduces a second class; just before this, instead of the first class, the whole group is mentioned (cp. X., Hell. 1, 2, 14, Cyr. 3, 2, 12; KMcKay, JSNT 24, ’85, 71f)= but some (as Arrian, Anab. 5, 2, 7; 5, 14, 4; Lucian, Tim. 4 p. 107; Hesych. Miles. [VI A.D.]: 390 Fgm. 1, 35 end Jac.).ⓒ To indicate the progress of the narrative, ὁ δέ, οἱ δέ but he, but they (lit. this one, they) is also used without ὁ μέν preceding (likew. Il. 1, 43; Pla., X.; also Clearchus, Fgm. 76b τὸν δὲ εἰπεῖν=but this man said; pap examples in Mayser II/1, 1926, 57f) e.g. Mt 2:9, 14; 4:4; 9:31; Mk 14:31 (cp. Just., A II, 2, 3). ὁ μὲν οὖν Ac 23:18; 28:5. οἱ μὲν οὖν 1:6; 5:41; 15:3, 30.—JO’Rourke, Paul’s Use of the Art. as a Pronoun, CBQ 34, ’72, 59–65.② the, funct. to define or limit an entity, event, or stateⓐ w. nounsα. w. appellatives, or common nouns, where, as in Pla., Thu., Demosth. et al., the art. has double significance, specific or individualizing, and generic.א. In its individualizing use it focuses attention on a single thing or single concept, as already known or otherwise more definitely limited: things and pers. that are unique in kind: ὁ ἥλιος, ἡ σελήνη, ὁ οὐρανός, ἡ γῆ, ἡ θάλασσα, ὁ κόσμος, ἡ κτίσις, ὁ θεός (BWeiss [s. on θεός, beg.]), ὁ διάβολος, ὁ λόγος (J 1:1, 14), τὸ φῶς, ἡ σκοτία, ἡ ζωή, ὁ θάνατος etc. (but somet. the art. is omitted, esp. when nouns are used w. preps.; B-D-F §253, 1–4; Rob. 791f; Mlt-Turner 171). ἐν συναγωγῇ καὶ ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ J 18:20.—Virtues, vices, etc. (contrary to Engl. usage): ἡ ἀγάπη, ἡ ἀλήθεια, ἡ ἁμαρτία, ἡ δικαιοσύνη, ἡ σοφία et al.—The individualizing art. stands before a common noun that was previously mentioned (without the art.): τοὺς πέντε ἄρτους Lk 9:16 (after πέντε ἄρτοι vs. 13). τὸ βιβλίον 4:17b (after βιβλίον, vs. 17a), τοὺς μάγους Mt 2:7 (after μάγοι, vs. 1). J 4:43 (40); 12:6 (5); 20:1 (19:41); Ac 9:17 (11); Js 2:3 (2); Rv 15:6 (1).—The individ. art. also stands before a common noun which, in a given situation, is given special attention as the only or obvious one of its kind (Hipponax [VI B.C.] 13, 2 West=D.3 16 ὁ παῖς the [attending] slave; Diod S 18, 29, 2 ὁ ἀδελφός=his brother; Artem. 4, 71 p. 245, 19 ἡ γυνή=your wife; ApcEsdr 6:12 p. 31, 17 μετὰ Μωσῆ … ἐν τῷ ὄρει [Sinai]; Demetr. (?): 722 fgm 7 Jac. [in Eus., PE 9, 19, 4] ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος [Moriah]) τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ to the attendant (who took care of the synagogue) Lk 4:20. εἰς τὸν νιπτῆρα into the basin (that was there for the purpose) J 13:5. ἰδοὺ ὁ ἄνθρωπο here is this (wretched) man 19:5. ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης or ἐλευθέρας by the (well-known) slave woman or the free woman (Hagar and Sarah) Gal 4:22f. τὸν σῖτον Ac 27:38. ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ 1 Cor 5:9 (s. ἐπιστολή) τὸ ὄρος the mountain (nearby) Mt 5:1; 8:1; 14:23; Mk 3:13; 6:46; Lk 6:12; 9:28 al.; ἡ πεισμονή this (kind of) persuasion Gal 5:8. ἡ μαρτυρία the (required) witness or testimony J 5:36.—The art. takes on the idea of κατʼ ἐξοχήν ‘par excellence’ (Porphyr., Abst. 24, 7 ὁ Αἰγύπτιος) ὁ ἐρχόμενος the one who is (was) to come or the coming one par excellence=The Messiah Mt 11:3; Lk 7:19. ὁ προφήτης J 1:21, 25; 7:40. ὁ διδάσκαλος τ. Ἰσραήλ 3:10 (Ps.-Clem., Hom. 5, 18 of Socrates: ὁ τῆς Ἑλλάδος διδάσκαλος); cp. MPol 12:2. With things (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Μάρπησσα: οἱ λίθοι=the famous stones [of the Parian Marble]) ἡ κρίσις the (last) judgment Mt 12:41. ἡ ἡμέρα the day of decision 1 Cor 3:13; (cp. Mi 4:6 Mt); Hb 10:25. ἡ σωτηρία (our) salvation at the consummation of the age Ro 13:11.ב. In its generic use it singles out an individual who is typical of a class, rather than the class itself: ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος Mt 12:35. κοινοῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον 15:11. ὥσπερ ὁ ἐθνικός 18:17. ὁ ἐργάτης Lk 10:7. ἐγίνωσκεν τί ἦν ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ J 2:25. τὰ σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου 2 Cor 12:12. ὁ κληρονόμος Gal 4:1. So also in parables and allegories: ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης Mt 24:43. Cp. J 10:11b, 12. The generic art. in Gk. is often rendered in Engl. by the indef. art. or omitted entirely.β. The use of the art. w. personal names is varied; as a general rule the presence of the art. w. a personal name indicates that the pers. is known; without the art. focus is on the name as such (s. Dssm., BPhW 22, 1902, 1467f; BWeiss, D. Gebr. des Art. b. d. Eigennamen [im NT]: StKr 86, 1913, 349–89). Nevertheless, there is an unmistakable drift in the direction of Mod. Gk. usage, in which every proper name has the art. (B-D-F §260; Rob. 759–61; Mlt-Turner 165f). The ms. tradition varies considerably. In the gospels the art. is usu. found w. Ἰησοῦς; yet it is commonly absent when Ἰ. is accompanied by an appositive that has the art. Ἰ. ὁ Γαλιλαῖος Mt 26:69; Ἰ. ὁ Ναζωραῖος vs. 71; Ἰ. ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός 27:17, 22. Sim. Μαριὰμ ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ Ἰ. Ac 1:14. The art. somet. stands before oblique cases of indecl. proper names, apparently to indicate their case (B-D-F §260, 2; Rob. 760). But here, too, there is no hard and fast rule.—HTeeple, NTS 19, ’73, 302–17 (synopt.).γ. The art. is customarily found w. the names of countries (B-D-F §261, 4; W-S. § 18, 5 d; Rob. 759f); less freq. w. names of cities (B-D-F §261, 1; 2; Rob. 760; Mlt-Turner 170–72). W. Ἰερουσαλήμ, Ἱεροσόλυμα it is usu. absent (s. Ἱεροσόλυμα); it is only when this name has modifiers that it must have the art. ἡ νῦν Ἰ. Gal 4:25; ἡ ἄνω Ἰ. vs. 26; ἡ καινὴ Ἰ. Rv 3:12. But even in this case it lacks the art. when the modifier follows: Hb 12:22.—Names of rivers have the art. ὁ Ἰορδάνης, ὁ Εὐφράτης, ὁ Τίβερις Hv 1, 1, 2 (B-D-F §261, 8; Rob. 760; Mlt-Turner 172). Likew. names of seas ὁ Ἀδρίας Ac 27:27.δ. The art. comes before nouns that are accompanied by the gen. of a pronoun (μοῦ, σοῦ, ἡμῶν, ὑμῶν, αὐτοῦ, ἑαυτοῦ, αὐτῶν) Mt 1:21, 25; 5:45; 6:10–12; 12:49; Mk 9:17; Lk 6:27; 10:7; 16:6; Ro 4:19; 6:6 and very oft. (only rarely is it absent: Mt 19:28; Lk 1:72; 2:32; 2 Cor 8:23; Js 5:20 al.).ε. When accompanied by the possessive pronouns ἐμός, σός, ἡμέτερος, ὑμέτερος the noun always has the art., and the pron. stands mostly betw. art. and noun: Mt 18:20; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:26; Ac 26:5; Ro 3:7 and oft. But only rarely so in John: J 4:42; 5:47; 7:16. He prefers to repeat the article w. the possessive following the noun ἡ κρίσις ἡ ἐμή J 5:30; cp. 7:6; 17:17; 1J 1:3 al.ζ. Adjectives (or participles), when they modify nouns that have the art., also come either betw. the art. and noun: ἡ ἀγαθὴ μερίς Lk 10:42; τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα 12:10; Ac 1:8; ἡ δικαία κρίσις J 7:24 and oft., or after the noun w. the art. repeated τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον Mk 3:29; J 14:26; Ac 1:16; Hb 3:7; 9:8; 10:15. ἡ ζωὴ ἡ αἰώνιος 1J 1:2; 2:25. τὴν πύλην τὴν σιδηρᾶν Ac 12:10. Only rarely does an adj. without the art. stand before a noun that has an art. (s. B-D-F §270, 1; Rob. 777; Mlt-Turner 185f): ἀκατακαλύπτῳ τῇ κεφαλῇ 1 Cor 11:5. εἶπεν μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῇ Ac 14:10 v.l.; cp. 26:24. κοιναῖς ταῖς χερσίν Mk 7:5 D.—Double modifier τὸ πῦρ τὸ αἰώνιον τὸ ἡτοιμασμένον τῷ διαβόλῳ Mt 25:41. τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ χρυσοῦν τὸ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου Rv 8:3; 9:13. ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη ἡ καθημένη 17:1.—Mk 5:36 τὸν λόγον λαλούμενον is prob. a wrong rdg. (B has τὸν λαλ., D τοῦτον τὸν λ. without λαλούμενον).—On the art. w. ὅλος, πᾶς, πολύς s. the words in question.η. As in the case of the poss. pron. (ε) and adj. (ζ), so it is w. other expressions that can modify a noun: ἡ κατʼ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις Ro 9:11. ἡ παρʼ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη 11:27. ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 Cor 1:18. ἡ ἐντολὴ ἡ εἰς ζωήν Ro 7:10. ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεόν 1 Th 1:8. ἡ διακονία ἡ εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους 2 Cor 8:4.θ. The art. precedes the noun when a demonstrative pron. (ὅδε, οὗτος, ἐκεῖνος) belonging with it comes before or after; e.g.: οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρωπος Lk 14:30; J 9:24. οὗτος ὁ λαός Mk 7:6. οὗτος ὁ υἱός μου Lk 15:24. οὗτος ὁ τελώνης 18:11 and oft. ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος Mk 14:71; Lk 2:25; 23:4, 14, 47. ὁ λαὸς οὗτος Mt 15:8. ὁ υἱός σου οὗτος Lk 15:30 and oft.—ἐκείνη ἡ ἡμέρα Mt 7:22; 22:46. ἐκ. ἡ ὥρα 10:19; 18:1; 26:55. ἐκ. ὁ καιρός 11:25; 12:1; 14:1. ἐκ. ὁ πλάνος 27:63 and oft. ἡ οἰκία ἐκείνη Mt 7:25, 27. ἡ ὥρα ἐκ. 8:13; 9:22; ἡ γῆ ἐκ. 9:26, 31; ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκ. 13:1. ὁ ἀγρὸς ἐκ. vs. 44 and oft.—ὁ αὐτός s. αὐτός 3b.ι. An art. before a nom. noun makes it a vocative (as early as Hom.; s. KBrugman4-AThumb, Griech. Gramm. 1913, 431; Schwyzer II 63f; B-D-F §147; Rob. 769. On the LXX Johannessohn, Kasus 14f.—ParJer 1:1 Ἰερεμία ὁ ἐκλεκτός μου; 7:2 χαῖρε Βαρούχι ὁ οἰκονόμος τῆς πίστεως) ναί, ὁ πατήρ Mt 11:26. τὸ κοράσιον, ἔγειρε Mk 5:41. Cp. Mt 7:23; 27:29 v.l.; Lk 8:54; 11:39; 18:11, 13 (Goodsp, Probs. 85–87); J 19:3 and oft.ⓑ Adjectives become substantives by the addition of the art.α. ὁ πονηρός Eph 6:16. οἱ σοφοί 1 Cor 1:27. οἱ ἅγιοι, οἱ πλούσιοι, οἱ πολλοί al. Likew. the neut. τὸ κρυπτόν Mt 6:4. τὸ ἅγιον 7:6. τὸ μέσον Mk 3:3. τὸ θνητόν 2 Cor 5:4. τὰ ἀδύνατα Lk 18:27. τὸ ἔλαττον Hb 7:7. Also w. gen. foll. τὰ ἀγαθά σου Lk 16:25. τὸ μωρόν, τὸ ἀσθενὲς τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 1:25; cp. vs. 27f. τὸ γνωστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 1:19. τὰ ἀόρατα τοῦ θεοῦ vs. 20. τὸ ἀδύνατον τοῦ νόμου 8:3. τὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς αἰσχύνης 2 Cor 4:2.β. Adj. attributes whose noun is customarily omitted come to have substantive force and therefore receive the art. (B-D-F §241; Rob. 652–54) ἡ περίχωρος Mt 3:5; ἡ ξηρά 23:15 (i.e. γῆ). ἡ ἀριστερά, ἡ δεξιά (sc. χείρ) 6:3. ἡ ἐπιοῦσα (sc. ἡμέρα) Ac 16:11. ἡ ἔρημος (sc. χώρα) Mt 11:7.γ. The neut. of the adj. w. the art. can take on the mng. of an abstract noun (Thu. 1, 36, 1 τὸ δεδιός=fear; Herodian 1, 6, 9; 1, 11, 5 τὸ σεμνὸν τῆς παρθένου; M. Ant. 1, 1; Just., D. 27, 2 διὰ τὸ σκληροκάρδιον ὑμῶν καὶ ἀχάριστον εἰς αὐτόν) τὸ χρηστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ God’s kindness Ro 2:4. τὸ δυνατόν power 9:22. τὸ σύμφορον benefit 1 Cor 7:35. τὸ γνήσιον genuineness 2 Cor 8:8. τὸ ἐπιεικές Phil 4:5 al.δ. The art. w. numerals indicates, as in Il. 5, 271f; X. et al. (HKallenberg, RhM 69, 1914, 662ff), that a part of a number already known is being mentioned (Diod S 18, 10, 2 τρεῖς μὲν φυλὰς … τὰς δὲ ἑπτά=‘but the seven others’; Plut., Cleom. 804 [8, 4] οἱ τέσσαρες=‘the other four’; Polyaenus 6, 5 οἱ τρεῖς=‘the remaining three’; Diog. L. 1, 82 Βίας προκεκριμένος τῶν ἑπτά=Bias was preferred before the others of the seven [wise men]. B-D-F §265): οἱ ἐννέα the other nine Lk 17:17. Cp. 15:4; Mt 18:12f. οἱ δέκα the other ten (disciples) 20:24; Mk 10:41; lepers Lk 17:17. οἱ πέντε … ὁ εἷς … ὁ ἄλλος five of them … one … the last one Rv 17:10.ⓒ The ptc. w. the art. receivesα. the mng. of a subst. ὁ πειράζων the tempter Mt 4:3; 1 Th 3:5. ὁ βαπτίζων Mk 6:14. ὁ σπείρων Mt 13:3; Lk 8:5. ὁ ὀλεθρεύων Hb 11:28. τὸ ὀφειλόμενον Mt 18:30, 34. τὸ αὐλούμενον 1 Cor 14:7. τὸ λαλούμενον vs. 9 (Just., D. 32, 3 τὸ ζητούμενον). τὰ γινόμενα Lk 9:7. τὰ ἐρχόμενα J 16:13. τὰ ἐξουθενημένα 1 Cor 1:28. τὰ ὑπάρχοντα (s. ὑπάρχω 1). In Engl. usage many of these neuters are transl. by a relative clause, as in β below. B-D-F §413; Rob. 1108f.β. the mng. of a relative clause (Ar. 4, 2 al. οἱ νομίζοντες) ὁ δεχόμενος ὑμᾶς whoever receives you Mt 10:40. τῷ τύπτοντί σε Lk 6:29. ὁ ἐμὲ μισῶν J 15:23. οὐδὲ γὰρ ὄνομά ἐστιν ἕτερον τὸ δεδομένον (ὸ̔ δέδοται) Ac 4:12. τινές εἰσιν οἱ ταράσσοντες ὑμᾶς Gal 1:7. Cp. Lk 7:32; 18:9; J 12:12; Col 2:8; 1 Pt 1:7; 2J 7; Jd 4 al. So esp. after πᾶς: πᾶς ὁ ὀργιζόμενος everyone who becomes angry Mt 5:22. πᾶς ὁ κρίνων Ro 2:1 al. After μακάριος Mt 5:4, 6, 10. After οὐαὶ ὑμῖν Lk 6:25.ⓓ The inf. w. neut. art. (B-D-F §398ff; Rob. 1062–68) is used in a number of ways.α. It stands for a noun (B-D-F §399; Rob. 1062–66) τὸ (ἀνίπτοις χερσὶν) φαγεῖν Mt 15:20. τὸ (ἐκ νεκρῶν) ἀναστῆναι Mk 9:10. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν 12:33; cp. Ro 13:8. τὸ ποιῆσαι, τὸ ἐπιτελέσαι 2 Cor 8:11. τὸ καθίσαι Mt 20:23. τὸ θέλειν Ro 7:18; 2 Cor 8:10.—Freq. used w. preps. ἀντὶ τοῦ, διὰ τό, διὰ τοῦ, ἐκ τοῦ, ἐν τῷ, ἕνεκεν τοῦ, ἕως τοῦ, μετὰ τό, πρὸ τοῦ, πρὸς τό etc.; s. the preps. in question (B-D-F §402–4; Rob. 1068–75).β. The gen. of the inf. w. the art., without a prep., is esp. frequent (B-D-F §400; Mlt. 216–18; Rob. 1066–68; DEvans, ClQ 15, 1921, 26ff). The use of this inf. is esp. common in Lk and Paul, less freq. in Mt and Mk, quite rare in other writers. The gen. standsא. dependent on words that govern the gen.: ἄξιον 1 Cor 16:4 (s. ἄξιος 1c). ἐξαπορηθῆναι τοῦ ζῆν 2 Cor 1:8. ἔλαχε τοῦ θυμιᾶσαι Lk 1:9 (cp. 1 Km 14:47 v.l. Σαοὺλ ἔλαχεν τοῦ βασιλεύειν).ב. dependent on a noun (B-D-F §400, 1; Rob. 1066f) ὁ χρόνος τοῦ τεκεῖν Lk 1:57. ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν 2:6. ἐξουσία τοῦ πατεῖν 10:19. εὐκαιρία τοῦ παραδοῦναι 22:6. ἐλπὶς τοῦ σῴζεσθαι Ac 27:20; τοῦ μετέχειν 1 Cor 9:10. ἐπιποθία τοῦ ἐλθεῖν Ro 15:23. χρείαν ἔχειν τοῦ διδάσκειν Hb 5:12. καιρὸς τοῦ ἄρξασθαι 1 Pt 4:17. τ. ἐνέργειαν τοῦ δύνασθαι the power that enables him Phil 3:21. ἡ προθυμία τοῦ θέλειν zeal in desiring 2 Cor 8:11.ג. Somet. the connection w. the noun is very loose, and the transition to the consecutive sense (=result) is unmistakable (B-D-F §400, 2; Rob. 1066f): ἐπλήσθησαν ἡμέραι ὀκτὼ τοῦ περιτεμεῖν αὐτόν Lk 2:21. ὀφειλέται … τοῦ κατὰ σάρκα ζῆν Ro 8:12. εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι 1:24. ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν 11:8. τὴν ἔκβασιν τοῦ δύνασθαι ὑπενεγκεῖν 1 Cor 10:13.ד. Verbs of hindering, ceasing take the inf. w. τοῦ μή (s. Schwyzer II 372 for earlier Gk; PGen 16, 23 [207 A.D.] κωλύοντες τοῦ μὴ σπείρειν; LXX; ParJer 2:5 φύλαξαι τοῦ μὴ σχίσαι τὰ ἱμάτιά σου): καταπαύειν Ac 14:18. κατέχειν Lk 4:42. κρατεῖσθαι 24:16. κωλύειν Ac 10:47. παύειν 1 Pt 3:10 (Ps 33:14). ὑποστέλλεσθαι Ac 20:20, 27. Without μή: ἐγκόπτεσθαι τοῦ ἐλθεῖν Ro 15:22.ה. The gen. of the inf. comes after verbs of deciding, exhorting, commanding, etc. (1 Ch 19:19; ParJer 7:37 διδάσκων αὐτοὺ τοῦ ἀπέχεσθαι) ἐγένετο γνώμης Ac 20:3. ἐντέλλεσθαι Lk 4:10 (Ps 90:11). ἐπιστέλλειν Ac 15:20. κατανεύειν Lk 5:7. κρίνειν Ac 27:1. παρακαλεῖν 21:12. προσεύχεσθαι Js 5:17. τὸ πρόσωπον στηρίζειν Lk 9:51. συντίθεσθαι Ac 23:20.ו. The inf. w. τοῦ and τοῦ μή plainly has final (=purpose) sense (ParJer 5:2 ἐκάθισεν … τοῦ ἀναπαῆναι ὀλίγον; Soph., Lex. I 45f; B-D-F §400, 5 w. exx. fr. non-bibl. lit. and pap; Rob. 1067): ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρων τοῦ σπείρειν a sower went out to sow Mt 13:3. ζητεῖν τοῦ ἀπολέσαι = ἵνα ἀπολέσῃ 2:13. τοῦ δοῦναι γνῶσιν Lk 1:77. τοῦ κατευθῦναι τοὺς πόδας vs. 79. τοῦ σινιάσαι 22:31. τοῦ μηκέτι δουλεύειν Ro 6:6. τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτά Gal 3:10. τοῦ γνῶναι αὐτόν Phil 3:10. Cp. Mt 3:13; 11:1; 24:45; Lk 2:24, 27; 8:5; 24:29; Ac 3:2; 20:30; 26:18; Hb 10:7 (Ps 39:9); 11:5; GJs 2:3f; 24:1.—The apparently solecistic τοῦ πολεμῆσαι Ro 12:7 bears a Semitic tinge, cp. Hos 9:13 et al. (Mussies 96).—The combination can also expressז. consecutive mng. (result): οὐδὲ μετεμελήθητε τοῦ πιστεῦσαι αὐτῷ you did not change your minds and believe him Mt 21:32. τοῦ μὴ εἶναι αὐτὴν μοιχαλίδα Ro 7:3. τοῦ ποιεῖν τὰ βρέφη ἔκθετα Ac 7:19. Cp. 3:12; 10:25.ⓔ The art. is used w. prepositional expressions (Artem. 4, 33 p. 224, 7 ὁ ἐν Περγάμῳ; 4, 36 ὁ ἐν Μαγνησίᾳ; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010 recto, 8–12] οἱ ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις … οἱ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι καὶ μετεώροις; Tat. 31, 2 οἱ μὲν περὶ Κράτητα … οἱ δὲ περὶ Ἐρατοσθένη) τῆς ἐκκλησίας τῆς ἐν Κεγχρεαῖς Ro 16:1. ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις ταῖς ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ Rv 1:4. τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν (w. place name) ἐκκλησίας 2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 14 (on these pass. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 42–45). τοῖς ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ to those in the house Mt 5:15. πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τ. οὐρανοῖς 6:9. οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας Hb 13:24. οἱ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ Ro 8:1. οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας 2:8. οἱ ἐκ νόμου 4:14; cp. vs. 16. οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας Phil 4:22. οἱ ἐξ εὐωνύμων Mt 25:41. τὸ θυσιαστήριον … τὸ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου Rv 8:3; cp. 9:13. On 1:4 s. ref in B-D-F §136, 1 to restoration by Nestle. οἱ παρʼ αὐτοῦ Mk 3:21. οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ Mt 12:3. οἱ περὶ αὐτόν Mk 4:10; Lk 22:49 al.—Neut. τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ πλοίου pieces of wreckage fr. the ship Ac 27:44 (difft. FZorell, BZ 9, 1911, 159f). τὰ περί τινος Lk 24:19, 27; Ac 24:10; Phil 1:27 (Tat. 32, 2 τὰ περὶ θεοῦ). τὰ περί τινα 2:23. τὰ κατʼ ἐμέ my circumstances Eph 6:21; Phil 1:12; Col 4:7. τὰ κατὰ τὸν νόμον what (was to be done) according to the law Lk 2:39. τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν Ro 12:18. τὰ πρὸς τὸν θεόν 15:17; Hb 2:17; 5:1 (X., Resp. Lac. 13, 11 ἱερεῖ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θεούς, στρατηγῷ δὲ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους). τὰ παρʼ αὐτῶν Lk 10:7. τὸ ἐν ἐμοί the (child) in me GJs 12:2 al.ⓕ w. an adv. or adverbial expr. (1 Macc 8:3) τὸ ἔμπροσθεν Lk 19:4. τὸ ἔξωθεν Mt 23:25. τὸ πέραν Mt 8:18, 28. τὰ ἄνω J 8:23; Col 3:1f. τὰ κάτω J 8:23. τὰ ὀπίσω Mk 13:16. τὰ ὧδε matters here Col 4:9. ὁ πλησίον the neighbor Mt 5:43. οἱ καθεξῆς Ac 3:24. τὸ κατὰ σάρκα Ro 9:5. τὸ ἐκ μέρους 1 Cor 13:10.—Esp. w. indications of time τό, τὰ νῦν s. νῦν 2b. τὸ πάλιν 2 Cor 13:2. τὸ λοιπόν 1 Cor 7:29; Phil 3:1. τὸ πρῶτον J 10:40; 12:16; 19:39. τὸ πρότερον 6:62; Gal 4:13. τὸ καθʼ ἡμέραν daily Lk 11:3.—τὸ πλεῖστον at the most 1 Cor 14:27.ⓖ The art. w. the gen. foll. denotes a relation of kinship, ownership, or dependence: Ἰάκωβος ὁ τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου Mt 10:2 (Thu. 4, 104 Θουκυδίδης ὁ Ὀλόρου [sc. υἱός]; Plut., Timol. 3, 2; Appian, Syr. 26 §123 Σέλευκος ὁ Ἀντιόχου; Jos., Bell. 5, 5; 11). Μαρία ἡ Ἰακώβου Lk 24:10. ἡ τοῦ Οὐρίου the wife of Uriah Mt 1:6. οἱ Χλόης Chloë’s people 1 Cor 1:11. οἱ Ἀριστοβούλου, οἱ Ναρκίσσου Ro 16:10f. οἱ αὐτοῦ Ac 16:33. οἱ τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Cor 15:23; Gal 5:24. Καισάρεια ἡ Φιλίππου Caesarea Philippi i.e. the city of Philip Mk 8:27.—τό, τά τινος someone’s things, affairs, circumstances (Thu. 4, 83 τὰ τοῦ Ἀρριβαίου; Parthenius 1, 6; Appian, Syr. 16 §67 τὰ Ῥωμαίων) τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, τῶν ἀνθρώπων Mt 16:23; 22:21; Mk 8:33; cp. 1 Cor 2:11. τὰ τῆς σαρκός, τοῦ πνεύματος Ro 8:5; cp. 14:19; 1 Cor 7:33f; 13:11. τὰ ὑμῶν 2 Cor 12:14. τὰ τῆς ἀσθενείας μου 11:30. τὰ τοῦ νόμου what the law requires Ro 2:14. τὸ τῆς συκῆς what has been done to the fig tree Mt 21:21; cp. 8:33. τὰ ἑαυτῆς its own advantage 1 Cor 13:5; cp. Phil 2:4, 21. τὸ τῆς παροιμίας what the proverb says 2 Pt 2:22 (Pla., Theaet. 183e τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου; Menand., Dyscolus 633 τὸ τοῦ λόγου). ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου in my Father’s house (so Field, Notes 50–56; Goodsp. Probs. 81–83; difft., ‘interests’, PTemple, CBQ 1, ’39, 342–52.—In contrast to the other synoptists, Luke does not elsewhere show Jesus ‘at home’.) Lk 2:49 (Lysias 12, 12 εἰς τὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ; Theocr. 2, 76 τὰ Λύκωνος; pap in Mayser II [1926] p. 8; POxy 523, 3 [II A.D.] an invitation to a dinner ἐν τοῖς Κλαυδίου Σαραπίωνος; PTebt 316 II, 23 [99 A.D.] ἐν τοῖς Ποτάμωνος; Esth 7:9; Job 18:19; Jos., Ant. 16, 302. Of the temple of a god Jos., C. Ap. 1, 118 ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Διός). Mt 20:15 is classified here by WHatch, ATR 26, ’44, 250–53; s. also ἐμός b.ⓗ The neut. of the art. standsα. before whole sentences or clauses (Epict. 4, 1, 45 τὸ Καίσαρος μὴ εἶναι φίλον; Prov. Aesopi 100 P. τὸ Οὐκ οἶδα; Jos., Ant. 10, 205; Just., D. 33, 2 τὸ γὰρ … [Ps 109:4]) τὸ Οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ μοιχεύσεις κτλ. (quot. fr. the Decalogue) Mt 19:18; Ro 13:9. τὸ Καὶ μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη (quot. fr. Is 53:12) Lk 22:37. Cp. Gal 5:14. τὸ Εἰ δύνῃ as far as your words ‘If you can’ are concerned Mk 9:23. Likew. before indirect questions (Vett. Val. 291, 14 τὸ πῶς τέτακται; Ael. Aristid. 45, 15 K. τὸ ὅστις ἐστίν; ParJer 6:15 τὸ πῶς ἀποστείλης; GrBar 8:6 τὸ πῶς ἐταπεινώθη; Jos., Ant. 20, 28 ἐπὶ πείρᾳ τοῦ τί φρονοῖεν; Pel.-Leg. p. 20, 32 τὸ τί γένηται; Mel., Fgm. 8, 2 [Goodsp. p. 311] τὸ δὲ πῶς λούονται) τὸ τί ἂν θέλοι καλεῖσθαι αὐτό Lk 1:62. τὸ τίς ἂν εἴη μείζων αὐτῶν 9:46. τὸ πῶς δεῖ ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν 1 Th 4:1. Cp. Lk 19:48; 22:2, 4, 23f; Ac 4:21; 22:30; Ro 8:26; Hs 8, 1, 4.β. before single words which are taken fr. what precedes and hence are quoted, as it were (Epict. 1, 29, 16 τὸ Σωκράτης; 3, 23, 24; Hierocles 13 p. 448 ἐν τῷ μηδείς) τὸ ‘ἀνέβη’ Eph 4:9. τὸ ‘ἔτι ἅπαξ’ Hb 12:27. τὸ ‘Ἁγάρ’ Gal 4:25.ⓘ Other notable uses of the art. areα. the elliptic use, which leaves a part of a sentence accompanied by the art. to be completed fr. the context: ὁ τὰ δύο the man with the two (talents), i.e. ὁ τὰ δύο τάλαντα λαβών Mt 25:17; cp. vs. 22. τῷ τὸν φόρον Ro 13:7. ὁ τὸ πολύ, ὀλίγον the man who had much, little 2 Cor 8:15 after Ex 16:18 (cp. Lucian, Bis Accus. 9 ὁ τὴν σύριγγα [sc. ἔχων]; Arrian, Anab. 7, 8, 3 τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ [sc. ὁδόν]).β. Σαῦλος, ὁ καὶ Παῦλος Ac 13:9; s. καί 2h.γ. the fem. art. is found in a quite singular usage ἡ οὐαί (ἡ θλῖψις or ἡ πληγή) Rv 9:12; 11:14. Sim. ὁ Ἀμήν 3:14 (here the masc. art. is evidently chosen because of the alternate name for Jesus).ⓙ One art. can refer to several nouns connected by καία. when various words, sing. or pl., are brought close together by a common art.: τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ γραμματεῖς Mt 2:4; cp. 16:21; Mk 15:1. ἐν τοῖς προφήταις κ. ψαλμοῖς Lk 24:44. τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ καὶ Σαμαρείᾳ Ac 1:8; cp. 8:1; Lk 5:17 al.—Even nouns of different gender can be united in this way (Aristoph., Eccl. 750; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 12 p. 37a οἱ δύο θεοί, of Apollo and Artemis; Ps.-Demetr., Eloc. c. 292; PTebt 14, 10 [114 B.C.]; En 18:14; EpArist 109) κατὰ τὰ ἐντάλματα καὶ διδασκαλίας Col 2:22. Cp. Lk 1:6. εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς καὶ φραγμούς 14:23.β. when one and the same person has more than one attribute applied to him: πρὸς τὸν πατέρα μου καὶ πατέρα ὑμῶν J 20:17. ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ τοῦ κυρίου Ἰ. Ro 15:6; 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; 1 Pt 1:3. ὁ θεὸς καὶ πατὴρ (ἡμῶν) Eph 5:20; Phil 4:20; 1 Th 1:3; 3:11, 13. Of Christ: τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ σωτῆρος 2 Pt 1:11; cp. 2:20; 3:18. τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Tit 2:13 (PGrenf II, 15 I, 6 [139 B.C.] of the deified King Ptolemy τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ εὐεργέτου καὶ σωτῆρος [ἐπιφανοῦς] εὐχαρίστου).γ. On the other hand, the art. is repeated when two different persons are named: ὁ φυτεύων καὶ ὁ ποτίζων 1 Cor 3:8. ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ ὁ ἡγεμών Ac 26:30.ⓚ In a fixed expression, when a noun in the gen. is dependent on another noun, the art. customarily appears twice or not at all: τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 3:16; πνεῦμα θεοῦ Ro 8:9. ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Cor 2:17; λόγος θεοῦ 1 Th 2:13. ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου 2 Th 2:2; ἡμ. κ. 1 Th 5:2. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου Mt 8:20; υἱ. ἀ. Hb 2:6. ἡ ἀνάστασις τῶν νεκρῶν Mt 22:31; ἀ. ν. Ac 23:6. ἡ κοιλία τῆς μητρός J 3:4; κ. μ. Mt 19:12.—APerry, JBL 68, ’49, 329–34; MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 93–95.—DELG. M-M. -
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πεῖσμα, ατος, τό, 1) Tau, Seil, bes. Schiffstau, mit welchem man das Schiff am Lande festband, gew. an einem dazu durchbohrten Steine, Od. 13, 77, oder auch wohl an einer Säule, vgl. 9, 136. 10, 127, bevor man Anker brauchte, das also das Schiff in Gehorsam festhielt; νηῶν ὅπλα, πείσματα καὶ σπεῖρα, Od. 6, 269; von πρυμνήσια nicht verschieden, 9, 136. 137; Aesch. ναῶν τε καὶ πεισμάτων ἀφειδεῖς, Ag. 188; πεισμάτων σωτηρία, Suppl. 746; ποντίοις πείσμασι, Eur. Hec. 1080; Hipp. 762 u. öfter bei sp. D. in der Anth. Auch in Prosa, ἐχόμενοι ὥς τινος ἀσφαλοῠς πείσματος ἐπιβαίνωμεν εἰς τὸν νῦν λόγον, Plat. Legg. X, 843 b; ἔλυσε οἷον νεὼς πείσματα, Tim. 85 e; Sp., wie Plut., dessen Stelle de glor. Ath. 6 ἐπὶ πεισμάτων ἐκκεχυμένον βίον verderbt ist. – 2) der Fruchtstiel der Feige, Geopon. – 3) wie πεῖσις, Ueberzeugung, Vertrauen, π. ἐμποιεῖν = πειϑὼ ἐμπ., S. Emp. adv. eth. 149; μετὰ πείσματος, ib. 164, u. oft; Arr.; auch das, worauf man sich verlassen kann, Iul. Caes. 32, 8. – (Von der ersten Bdtg ist ΠΕΝΔ = ΠΕΔ die Wurzel.)
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См. также в других словарях:
πρόνοια — η, ΝΜΑ, και ιων. τ. προνοίη Α [πρόνους] 1. η ενέργεια και το αποτέλεσμα τού προνοώ, η εκ τών προτέρων σκέψη, η πρόβλεψη (α. «είχε την πρόνοια να μην τό διακινδυνεύσει» β. «οὐ τῇ ἐμῇ προνοίᾳ μᾱλλον ἐγίγνετο ἢ τύχῃ», Αντιφ.) 2. σύνεση, περίσκεψη 3 … Dictionary of Greek
χάρη — Η με διάταγμα του Προέδρου της Δημοκρατίας μη εκτέλεση ή ελάττωση ποινής που επιβλήθηκε με αμετάκλητη καταδικαστική απόφαση. Θεωρείται ιδιότυπος θεσμός και είναι προνόμιο του αρχηγού του κράτους, ο οποίος επεμβαίνει με αυτό τον τρόπο στον τομέα… … Dictionary of Greek
ολότητα — η (ΑΜ ὁλότης, ητος) 1. το σύνολο, το όλον («η ολότητα τών εργαζομένων») 2. η ιδιότητα τού όλου ή η αφηρημένη έννοιά του («ὡς οὔσης τῆς ὁλότητος ἑνότητός τινος», Αριστοτ.) νεοελλ. (φιλοσ.) η ιδιότητα τών πραγμάτων ή συστημάτων που αποτελούνται από … Dictionary of Greek
συνεξαιρώ — έω, Α [ἐξαιρῶ] 1. διώχνω κάτι ταυτοχρόνως («συνεξελεῑν ὑμῑν τὸ θηρίον ἐκ τῆς χώρης», Ηρόδ.) 2. συμβάλλω στην κατάληψη, στην κυρίευση, κυριεύω με κάποιον («συνεξαιρεῑν μετά τινος Ἀμφίπολιν», Αισχίν.) 3. μέσ. συνεξαιροῡμαι, έομαι α) αφαιρώ κάτι επί … Dictionary of Greek
όνομα — Μέρος του λόγου που διακρίνεται κατά το γένος, τον αριθμό και –στις κλιτές γλώσσες– την πτώση. Ο Πλάτων, ο Αριστοτέλης και οι Στωικοί προσπάθησαν να δώσουν έναν ορισμό του o., στην προσπάθεια τους να κατατάξουν, με βάση ορισμένα λογικά κριτήρια,… … Dictionary of Greek
